Hyperlipidemia affects neuronal nitric oxide synthase expression in brains of focal cerebral ischemia rat model★

BACKGROUND: Hyperlipidemia, a risk factor for ischemic cerebrovascular disease, may mediate production of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) to induce increased nitric oxide levels, resulting in brain neuronal injury. OBJECTIVE: To investigate effects of hyperlipidemia on brain nNOS expression, and to verify changes in infarct volume and pathology during reperfusion, as well as neuronal injury following ischemia/reperfusion in a rat model of focal cerebral ischemia. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: Complete, randomized grouping experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University from March 2005 to March 2006. MATERIALS: A total of 144 eight-week-old, male, Wistar rats, weighing 160-180 g, were selected. A rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion was established by suture method after 4 weeks of formulated diet. Nitric oxide kit and rabbit anti-rat nNOS kit were respectively purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, China and Wuhan Boster Biological Technology, Ltd., China. METHODS: The rats were equally and randomly divided into high-fat diet and a normal diet groups. Rats in the high-fat diet group were fed a high-fat diet, consisting of 10% egg yolk powder, 5% pork fat, and 0.5% pig bile salt combined with standard chow to create hyperlipidemia. Rats in the normal diet group were fed a standard rat chow. A total of 72 rats in both groups were randomly divided into 6 subgroups: sham-operated, 4-hour ischemia, 4-hour ischemia/2-hour reperfusion, 4-hour ischemia/4-hour reperfusion, 4-hour ischemia/6-hour reperfusion, and 4-hour ischemia/12-hour reperfusion, with 12 rats in each subgroup. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: nNOS expression was measured by immunohistochemistry, and pathomorphology changes were detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Infarct volume and nitric oxide levels were respectively measured using 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: In the ischemic region, pathology changes were significant in the 4-hour ischemia/4-hour, 4-hour ischemia/6-hour reperfusion, and 4-hour ischemia/12-hour reperfusion subgroups fed on a high-fat diet compared to the same groups fed on a normal diet. In each ischemia subgroup, nNOS expression in brain tissues was higher than in the sham-operated subgroups fed on either the high-fat diet or normal diet (P < 0.01). At each ischemia/reperfusion time point, rats fed on a high-fat diet expressed higher levels of nNOS compared to rats fed on the normal diet (P < 0.05). When tissue was stained with TTC, a white infarction area was detected in the ischemic hemisphere, demonstrating that the infarct volume gradually increased with prolonged reperfusion time in each ischemia subgroup. At each ischemia/reperfusion time point, the infarct volume was larger in rats fed on a high-fat diet compared to those fed on a normal diet. CONCLUSION: nNOS expression was greater in hyperlipidemia rats following ischemia/reperfusion. Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury is aggravated with prolonged reperfusion time. Key Words: focal cerebral ischemia; hyperlipidemia; ischemia/reperfusion injury; neuronal nitric oxide synthase     

Association between sleep disorders and morning blood pressure in hypertensive patients

Sleep disorders are known to increase the risk of hypertension, yet few studies have investigated the relation between sleep disorders and morning blood pressure (BP). This study aimed to determine, whether the morning BP is associated with sleep quality and sleep-disordered breathing. A total of 144 hypertensive patients were included in this cross-sectional study. Each subject underwent anthropometric measurements, biochemical testing, 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring, and polysomnography (PSG). Sleep quality and sleep-disordered breathing were determined by PSG parameters of sleep architecture and sleep respiratory. There were no significant differences between subjects with and without morning hypertension in the parameters of sleep architecture and sleep respiratory. In multiple regression analysis, morning BP was independently associated with night-time BP and morning BP surge, but not with the parameters of sleep architecture and sleep respiratory. Further analysis showed that both night-time BP and morning BP surge were independently associated with the sleep respiratory parameters. In conclusion, sleep-disordered breathing might indirectly affect the morning BP by elevated night-time BP, yet neither poor sleep quality nor sleep-disordered breathing was major determinants of elevated morning BP in hypertensive patients.     

综合治疗对43例宫颈癌细胞增殖与血管生成的影响

[目的]评价综合治疗对中晚期宫颈鳞癌细胞增殖及血管生成的影响。[方法]43例ⅡB～ⅢB期宫颈鳞癌进行综合治疗（术前动脉插管化疗＋放疗和/或静脉化疗）,免疫组化SABC法检测治疗前后宫颈鳞癌组织中Ki67和VEGF表达。[结果]综合治疗后手术率为81.4%（35/43）;治疗前后宫颈鳞癌组织中Ki67阳性表达率分别为65.12%、28.57%（P〈0.01）,VEGF阳性表达率分别为88.37%、51.43%（P〈0.01）。术后复发组中Ki67和VEGF阳性表达率均显著性高于未复发组。[结论]综合治疗能抑制宫颈癌肿瘤细胞增殖和血管生成,提高手术概率。术后Ki67和VEGF高表达者更易复发。     

荔枝草提取工艺的实验研究

目的：寻找荔枝草最佳提取工艺。方法：采用正交试验法,以溶剂用量、浸泡时间、提取次数、醇沉浓度和醇沉时间六因素,每个因素选取三水平进行实验。结果：因素Ａ和Ｄ对提取有显著影响。因此Ｃ、Ｂ、Ｅ和Ｆ则有一定影响。结论：煎煮的最佳提取工艺是Ａ３Ｂ１Ｃ２Ｄ３Ｅ３Ｆ３。     

醋氨己酸锌在大鼠的药代动力学

测定了醋氨已酸锌(ZAC)在大鼠体内的药代动力学。结果表明:大鼠poZAC吸收迅速,给药后1.5h即可达峰,其后稍快下降。3个剂量组的吸收峰时及半衰期基本一致,T_1/2约在1.5h,峰浓度、AUC及CL/F呈剂量依赖关系。ZAC在大鼠的药代动力学模型为一室模型。组织分布的实验结果表明:服药2h后药物可广泛分布于各组织中,主要集中在胃、肠;肾、肝、血浆及肺次之;心、脾、脑较低;肌肉、子宫未检出。6h后胃中含锌量稍降,肺中含量变化不大,其它组织的药物浓度普遍明显下降,表明该药在组织中不易蓄积。ZACpo后主要经粪排出,尿及胆汁仅排出少量药物。     

不同部位动脉粥样硬化临床危险因素的相关性分析

目的:分析患者不同部位动脉粥样硬化之间的关系,探讨各危险因素对不同部位的动脉作用是否不同. 方法:收集本院心内科住院病人141例,所有患者冠状动脉行造影或CT检查,颈动脉和下肢动脉行彩色超声检查,根据影像学结果将入选病人分为4组:单纯下肢动脉疾病(PAD组)、单纯冠状动脉疾病(CAD组)、健康组、合并下肢动脉疾病和冠状动脉疾病(PAD+CAD组),了解4组之间在传统危险因素上的差别;比较颈动脉病变与下肢动脉病变在患病率上的不同.结果:PAD组中有吸烟史者多于CAD组(74.28% 比 51.28%, P<0.05);PAD+CAD组中有吸烟史者多于CAD组(75.00%比51.28%,P<0.05);颈动脉病变发生率较下肢动脉病变发生率高.结论:吸烟致下肢动脉疾病作用大于其对冠状动脉疾病作用;颈动脉检查对于动脉粥样硬化的早期检测可能更有价值.     

结直肠癌腹腔镜经自然腔道取标本手术（NOSES IV式）术后并发症危险因素分析

目的探讨腹腔镜结直肠癌经自然腔道取标本手术（NOSES）术后发生并发症的相关危险因素。 方法采用回顾性病例对照研究方法,收集并分析自2014年1月~2019年6月在中国医学科学院肿瘤医院结直肠外科行结直肠癌NOSES IV式手术患者的临床病理资料。共纳入172例患者,分析患者一般资料、病理资料、术者经验、术中情况等临床资料与术后并发症的关系,应用χ²检验进行单因素分析,并将有意义因素纳入logistic回归模型进行多因素分析。 结果172例患者中,共21例（12.2%）患者出现术后并发症,常见并发症依次为腹盆腔感染（4.7%）、吻合口漏（3.5%）、腹腔出血（1.7%）、肺部感染（1.7%）、吻合口狭窄（1.2%）、直肠阴道瘘（1.2%）、肺栓塞（1.2%）、切口感染（1.2%）。单因素分析结果显示：肿瘤直径（χ²=5.144,P=0.023）、术者经验（χ²=4.412,P=0.042）、手术时间（χ²=4.713,P=0.030）是影响NOSES IV式术后出现并发症的相关因素。进一步将单因素分析有统计学意义的因素纳入Logistic回归分析,结果显示,手术时间（OR=3.317,95%CI：1.024~10.747;P=0.046）是NOSES IV式术后并发症发生的独立危险因素。 结论手术时间≥135 min是结直肠癌腹腔镜NOSES IV式术后并发症发生的独立危险因素。严格把握NOSES适应证、熟练灵活使用腔镜器械是降低NOSES术后并发症的有效保障。     

2型糖尿病大鼠模型的建立

目的 探讨2型糖尿病动物模型建立的方法.方法 根据体重将35只Wistar大鼠随机分为对照组(10只)和糖尿病组(25只);糖尿病组喂高糖高脂饲料,对照组喂普通饲料,喂养1个月后,糖尿病组大鼠一次性腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ) 25 mg/kg.bw,对照组注射相同剂量柠檬酸钠缓冲液,72 h后以随机血糖≥16.7 mmol/L确定为糖尿病模型.结果 STZ注射后72 h,与对照组相比糖尿病组大鼠血糖明显升高(P＜0.05),葡萄糖耐量,胰岛素耐受均异常,血清TG,TC,LDL-C显著升高(P＜0.05),同时伴有多饮、多食、多尿等糖尿病症状.结论 高糖高脂饲料联合小剂量腹腔注射STZ可致大鼠血糖明显上升,血脂紊乱等2型糖尿病症状.     

液基薄层细胞学／TBS检测方法、阴道镜及两者联合应用在诊断宫颈癌及其癌前病变中的临床价值

目的探讨液基薄层细胞学／TBS检测方法、阴道镜及两者联合应用在诊断宫颈癌及其癌前病变中的临床价值。方法抽取272例宫颈病变患者的液基薄层细胞学检查TBS报告、阴道镜检查结果、组织病理学报告进行回顾性总结分析。结果（1）液基薄层细胞学检查／TBS报告结果为不典型鳞状上皮或腺上皮（ASCUS或AGUS）、低度鳞状上皮内病变（LSIL）、高度鳞状上皮内病变（HSIL）、宫颈癌（UCC）的病理学阳性检出率分别为37．6％（38／101）、46．6％（27／58）、81．3％（26／32）、91．7％（11／12）。假阴性率为5．8％（4／69）。（2）阴道镜检查结果为LSIL、HSIL、宫颈癌的病理学阳性检出率分别为48．6％（71／146）、73．1％（19／26）、83．3％（10／12）。假阴性率为6．8％（6／88）。（3）两者联合应用诊断为LSIL、HSIL、浸润癌的病理学阳性检出率分别为35．8％（58／162）、86．5％（32／37）、100％（15／15）。假阴性率为1．7％（1／58）。结论在同一疾病的不同阶段联合诊断价值不尽相同。液基薄层细胞学检查联合阴道镜诊断与单独应用液基薄层细胞学或阴道镜相比,能够提高HSIL和浸润癌的病理学阳性检出率,降低假阴性率,但对于LSIL而言联合诊断并无优势。