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11.
In 1963, Goffman argued that forming a group based on shared stigma may provide benefits. However, there is no empirical research on whether perception that a separate, unique, coherent group exists (i.e., group entitativity) influences coping, such as educating others or secrecy, for the stigmatized individual or his or her spouse. Further, little is known about how spouses influence each other in terms of promoting the education of others about a stigmatizing condition, especially when it comes to the role of believing that stigma-based groups, to which they may both belong, exist. This study provides a step toward bridging this gap in the research by applying the label management model in efforts to understand coping for couples in which one spouse is diagnosed with genetic mutations leading to alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD). This study included 50 married couples in which one spouse is diagnosed with genetic mutations leading to alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD). We found that group entitativity related to those with AATD counterbalanced the influence of genetic stigma on spouses’ intentions to keep the diagnosis secret or to educate others about it. Intrapersonal and interpersonal influences appeared among spouses. Attention is needed on the power of creating groups for stigmatized persons and their relatives. Indeed, people live within a dynamic world of group entities, and multiple social identities including spousal and familial. While attention has been paid to the diffusion of stigmas to loved ones, less has been paid to the uplift of group entities for them. 相似文献
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Yasmine Yousef Etienne St-Louis Robert Baird Emily R. Smith Elena Guadagno Dickens St-Vil Dan Poenaru 《Journal of pediatric surgery》2019,54(4):831-837
Background
The Lancet Commission on Global Surgery highlighted global surgical need but offered little insight into the specific surgical challenges of children in low-resource settings. Efforts to strengthen the quality of global pediatric surgical care have resulted in a proliferation of partnerships between low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) and high-income countries (HICs). Standardized tools able to reliably measure gaps in delivery and quality of care are important aids for these partnerships. We undertook a systematic review (SR) of capacity assessment tools (CATs) focused on needs assessment in pediatric surgery.Methods
A comprehensive search strategy of multiple electronic databases was conducted per PRISMA guidelines without linguistic or temporal restrictions. CATs were selected according to pre-defined inclusion criteria. Articles were assessed by two independent reviewers. Methodological quality of studies was appraised using the COSMIN checklist with 4-point scale.Results
The search strategy generated 16,641 original publications, of which three CATs were deemed eligible. Eligible tools were either excessively detailed or oversimplified. None used weighted scores to identify finer granularity between institutions. No CATs comprehensively included measures of resources, outcomes, accessibility/impact and training.Discussion
The results of this study identify the need for a CAT capable of objectively measuring key aspects of surgical capacity and performance in a weighted tool designed for pediatric surgical centers in LMICs.Type of Study
Systematic Review.Level of Evidence
II. 相似文献18.
Background
The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of trauma patients who were injured in a motor vehicle crash and tested positive for alcohol upon hospital arrival versus those who tested negative.Methods
Study data came from the US National Trauma Data Bank (2007–2010). Any blood alcohol concentration (BAC) found at or above the legal limit (≥0.08?g/dL) was considered “alcohol positive”, and if no alcohol was identified through testing, the patient was considered “alcohol negative”. Patients’ demographics including age >?=?14, race, gender, drug test results, systolic blood pressure, heart rate, injury severity score (ISS), and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) were included in the study. Propensity score and exact pair matching were performed between the groups using baseline characteristics.Results
From a total of 88,794 patients, 30.9% tested positive and 69.1% tested negative for alcohol. There were significant differences found between the groups regarding age, gender, race, and GCS (all p?<?0.001) as well as a significantly higher in-hospital mortality rate (3.5% vs. 2.7%, p?<?0.001) and median time to patient expiration (4 vs. 3 days, p?<?0.001) in the alcohol negative group. After running both matching scenarios, there was no evidence of a significant difference seen in the rates of in-hospital mortality or the median time to patient expiration between the alcohol groups in either matched comparison.Conclusion
Patients who tested positive for alcohol following a traumatic motor vehicle crash showed no significant increase in in-hospital mortality or time to expiration when compared to propensity score and exact matched patients who tested negative for alcohol. 相似文献19.
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of a major health problem worldwide. Tuberculosis vaccine research has made an extraordinary progress over the past few years. However, there is still no replacement for the Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin vaccine, the only TB vaccine licensed for human use. Therefore, the discovery and development of new TB vaccines remains a priority. This article discusses current strategies used to diversify TB vaccines and includes discussion of the status of efforts to improve protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M tb) infection or TB disease by developing new and safe TB vaccines. This article also highlights the current research efforts in immune‐enhancing approaches to improve vaccination efficacy. The development of more effective TB vaccines might have significant impact on global TB control. 相似文献
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Joseph Wheatley Zhengyang Liu Joel Loth Mark P. Plummer Jahan C. Penny-Dimri Reny Segal Julian Smith Luke A. Perry 《Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica》2023,67(2):131-141