全文获取类型
收费全文 | 10517篇 |
免费 | 691篇 |
国内免费 | 36篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 115篇 |
儿科学 | 253篇 |
妇产科学 | 124篇 |
基础医学 | 1436篇 |
口腔科学 | 367篇 |
临床医学 | 821篇 |
内科学 | 2713篇 |
皮肤病学 | 370篇 |
神经病学 | 1120篇 |
特种医学 | 295篇 |
外科学 | 1494篇 |
综合类 | 57篇 |
一般理论 | 4篇 |
预防医学 | 657篇 |
眼科学 | 361篇 |
药学 | 530篇 |
中国医学 | 22篇 |
肿瘤学 | 505篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 132篇 |
2022年 | 184篇 |
2021年 | 507篇 |
2020年 | 257篇 |
2019年 | 393篇 |
2018年 | 442篇 |
2017年 | 237篇 |
2016年 | 290篇 |
2015年 | 362篇 |
2014年 | 457篇 |
2013年 | 585篇 |
2012年 | 896篇 |
2011年 | 906篇 |
2010年 | 436篇 |
2009年 | 396篇 |
2008年 | 667篇 |
2007年 | 649篇 |
2006年 | 618篇 |
2005年 | 529篇 |
2004年 | 468篇 |
2003年 | 398篇 |
2002年 | 408篇 |
2001年 | 104篇 |
2000年 | 104篇 |
1999年 | 84篇 |
1998年 | 57篇 |
1997年 | 65篇 |
1996年 | 53篇 |
1995年 | 46篇 |
1994年 | 34篇 |
1993年 | 18篇 |
1992年 | 29篇 |
1991年 | 27篇 |
1990年 | 28篇 |
1989年 | 24篇 |
1988年 | 20篇 |
1987年 | 18篇 |
1986年 | 21篇 |
1985年 | 19篇 |
1984年 | 22篇 |
1982年 | 18篇 |
1981年 | 13篇 |
1980年 | 16篇 |
1979年 | 14篇 |
1978年 | 10篇 |
1976年 | 13篇 |
1975年 | 10篇 |
1974年 | 14篇 |
1973年 | 15篇 |
1970年 | 11篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 464 毫秒
51.
Rheumatic heart disease: proinflammatory cytokines play a role in the progression and maintenance of valvular lesions 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3 下载免费PDF全文
Guilherme L Cury P Demarchi LM Coelho V Abel L Lopez AP Oshiro SE Aliotti S Cunha-Neto E Pomerantzeff PM Tanaka AC Kalil J 《The American journal of pathology》2004,165(5):1583-1591
Heart lesions of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) patients contain T-cell clones that recognize heart proteins and streptococcal M peptides. To functionally characterize heart-infiltrating T lymphocytes, we evaluated their cytokine profile, both directly in situ and in T-cell lines derived from the heart (HIL). Interferon (IFN)-gamma, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-4, and IL-10 expressions were characterized in 20 heart tissue infiltrates from 14 RHD patients by immunohistochemistry. IFN-gamma-, TNF-alpha-, and IL-10-positive cells were consistently predominant, whereas IL-4 was scarce in the valves. In agreement with these data, the in vitro experiments, in which 13 HILs derived from heart samples of eight patients were stimulated with M5 protein and the immunodominant M5 (81-96) peptide, IL-4 was detected in HIL derived from the atrium (three of six) but not from the valve (zero of seven). IFN-gamma and IL-10 production were detected in culture supernatants in 11 of 13 and 6 of 12 HILs, respectively. The predominant IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha expression in the heart suggests that Th1-type cytokines could mediate RHD. Unlike in reversible myocardium inflammation, the significantly lower IL-4 expression in the valvular tissue (P = 0.02) may contribute to the progression of the RHD leading to permanent valvular damage (relative risk, 4.3; odds ratio, 15.8). The lack of IL-4 in vitro production by valve-derived HIL also emphasizes the more severe tissue destruction in valves observed in RHD. 相似文献
52.
David Tarrag Julio Casal Jesús Ruiz-Contreras J. Toms Ramos Pablo Rojo Harm Snippe Wouter T. M. Jansen 《Clinical and Vaccine Immunology : CVI》2005,12(1):165-170
We investigated antibody responses against pneumococci of serotypes 6B, 14, and 23F in 56 children and adolescents with perinatal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection who were vaccinated with 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. Overall immune responses differed greatly between serotypes. Correlation coefficients between immunoglobulin G (IgG) measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and functional antibodies measured by a flow cytometry opsonophagocytosis assay (OPA) varied with serotype and time points studied. After 3 months of administering a second PCV7 dose we got the highest correlation (with significant r values of 0.754, 0.414, and 0.593 for serotypes 6B, 14, and 23F, respectively) but no significant increase in IgG concentration and OPA titers compared to the first dose. We defined a responder to a serotype included in the vaccine with two criteria: frequency of at least twofold OPA and ELISA increases for each serotype and frequency of conversion from negative to positive OPA levels. Responders varied from 43.9% to 46.3%, 28.5% to 50.0%, and 38.0% to 50.0% for serotypes 6B, 14, and 23F, respectively, depending on the response criterion. The present research highlights the importance of demonstrating vaccine immunogenicity with suitable immunological endpoints in immunocompromised patients and also the need to define how much antibody is required for protection from different serotypes, since immunogenicity differed significantly between serotypes. 相似文献
53.
L Sanz F. González-Escribano R. de Pablo A. Núñez-Roldán M. Kreisler C. Vilches 《Tissue antigens》1998,51(1):111-114
Abstract: Genotyping of the HLA-C locus by PCR-SSP in Behçet's disease patients from southern Spain reveals a statistically significant association with Cw*1602 (OR 20.15, corrected ρ<0.05). This is an uncommon allele absent from the healthy control group, which seems to confer higher relative risk than B51 in this study (OR 1.85). Stratified frequencies do not show statistically significant differences but suggest that the Cw*1602-B51 haplo-type could be the main HLA marker of Behçet's disease in the analyzed population. 相似文献
54.
Vrolijk JM Kaul A Hansen BE Lohmann V Haagmans BL Schalm SW Bartenschlager R 《Journal of virological methods》2003,110(2):201-209
Overall treatment results of chronic hepatitis C have improved markedly with the introduction of pegylated interferon-alpha (PEG–IFN-) and ribavirin combination therapy. However, cure rates in the most common genotype 1 infection are still unsatisfactory. IFN- dose–response studies on viral kinetics suggest that inadequate dosing might be a key factor but drug levels have hardly been tested, which is in part due to difficulties in measuring this cytokine in patient samples. We have shown recently that hepatitis C virus (HCV) replicons are highly sensitive to IFN-. In this report we tested whether the replicon system could be used as a sensitive bioassay to determine the amount of biologically active IFN- in serum or heparinized plasma of patients under therapy. To facilitate the measurements, a stably replicating subgenomic HCV RNA was developed that carries the gene encoding the firefly luciferase. Dose response studies with IFN- demonstrate that the amount of expressed luciferase directly correlates with the level of HCV replication. By using this cell-based assay, serum samples of HCV patients treated with different types and doses of IFN- were analyzed in parallel to IFN- standards made by serial dilutions of the same type of IFN- the patient was treated with. Based on nonlinear logistic models serum concentrations corresponding to 1.3–19 U/ml were determined in patients under standard or high dose IFN- therapy, and from 3.8 to 4.1 ng/ml in patients treated with PEG IFN-. In conclusion, the HCV-replicon based bioassay allows determining the levels of biologically active IFN- in serum and heparinized plasma of patients under treatment. 相似文献
55.
Grading schemes for meningiomas have traditionally designated tumors as "meningioma," "atypical meningioma," or "anaplastic (malignant) meningioma," depending upon the presence of histopathologic features thought to indicate aggressive behavior. In the past, most systems have considered brain invasion by tumor as the best evidence of malignancy. Perry et al. have recently investigated the significance brain invasion as a prognostic feature in meningiomas. The authors studied a series of 116 patients who had been diagnosed previously with "malignant meningioma" due to the presence of brain invasion, histologic anaplasia, or metastasis. On the basis of a multivariate analysis of histopathologic features and their relationship to tumor recurrence and patient survival, the authors concluded that brain invasion should be considered one of the diagnostic features of atypical meningioma. Accordingly, the diagnosis of malignant meningioma should be reserved for those tumors that are frankly anaplastic and/or contain (> = 20 mitoses per 10 high-power fields (HPF). Due in large part to the strength of evidence in this study, the World Health Organization (WHO) has adopted a grading scheme for meningiomas that incorporates many of the authors' proposals. New diagnostic criteria will result in improved reproducibility with fewer diagnoses of malignant meningioma (WHO grade III). 相似文献
56.
Marta Pacio Miguez Fernando Santos‐Simarro Sixto García‐Miñaúr Ramón Velázquez Fragua Ángela del Pozo Mario Solís Carmen Jiménez Rodríguez Virginia Rufo‐Rabadán Victoria Eugenia Fernandez Inmaculada Rueda Maria Victoria Gomez del Pozo Natividad Gallego Pablo Lapunzina María Palomares‐Bralo 《American journal of medical genetics. Part A》2020,182(10):2222-2225
57.
58.
In the present work we identified B-cell epitopes recognized by sera of humans and rodents naturally infected with Andes virus, a hantavirus present in Chile and Argentina. Analysis of patient and rodent sera with overlapping peptides revealed 21 human and rodent epitopes on the three structural proteins. Whereas in the nucleoprotein the region comprising aa 248-260 was shown to be the key determinant of human sera, the major antigenic site of rodent antibody reactivity is located at aa 326-338. In G1, the main epitope recognized by human sera was mapped to aa 14-26, while rodent antibodies bound predominantly to aa 599-611. In contrast, humans and mice had strong responses to three regions in G2 (aa 691-703, aa 918-930, aa 955-967), of which the last two are associated with neutralization of Hantaan virus. This insight affords important information for the development of immunotherapies for the acute phase of hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome. 相似文献
59.
Villavicencio-Lorini P Laabs S Danker K Reutter W Horstkorte R 《Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)》2002,80(10):671-677
Sialylation of glycoproteins and glycolipids plays an important role during development, regeneration and pathogenesis of several diseases. The physiological precursor of all sialic acids is N-acetyl- D-mannosamine. The N-acyl side chain of sialic acid can be modified by exposure of cells to synthetic N-acyl-modified D-mannosamines. In a new experimental approach cells were cultivated in the presence of N-propanoyl- D-mannosamine. This unnatural precursor of sialic acid is taken up by cells and efficiently metabolized to the respective N-acyl-modified neuraminic acid in vitro and in vivo. Here we report on the biological consequences of the incorporation of the unnatural N-propanoylneuraminic acid into glycoconjugates of HL60 cells. Biochemical engineering of the acyl side chain of neuraminic acids activates beta(1)-integrins (VLA4 or VLA5), resulting in an increased adhesion of HL60 cells to fibronectin. 相似文献
60.