Tanning and Cutaneous Malignancy

BACKGROUND Exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) results in a darkening of the skin known as tanning. Recently, it has been shown that tanning is a response to UVR-induced DNA damage and represents the skin's efforts to protect itself against further injury. Despite the link between UVR and cutaneous malignancy, people continue to pursue tanning from natural and artificial sources. This trend is reflected in the exponential rise in skin cancer incidence.
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to review our current understanding of the factors controlling the tanning response and the relationship to cutaneous carcinogenesis, as well as the impact that the multibillion dollar tanning industry has had on the practice of dermatology.
MATERIALS AND METHODS Extensive literature review was conducted in subjects related to tanning and the relationship to cutaneous malignancy.
RESULTS Our knowledge of tanning and its effects on the skin has increased tremendously. It is clear that tanning contributes to the development of skin cancer. Despite this information, the incidence of skin cancer continues to increase exponentially.
CONCLUSIONS Skin cancer poses a major public health concern and tanning remains the most modifiable risk factor in its etiology. Social, economic, and legislative issues have become tightly intertwined with the complex nature of human behavior in the continued pursuit of an activity that clearly has detrimental effects on one's health.     

Percutaneous removal of an embolized port catheter: Description of a new coaxial recovery technique including a case‐report

The achievement of coaxiality between recovery device and embolized tubular foreign bodies like central venous catheters is a key point to achieve percutaneous removal. To facilitate this target, we designed a coaxial retrieval loop‐snare device using amodified coronary guiding catheter and a coronary 0.014″ guidewire. This new technique has been bench tested and then successfully used to remove a long Port‐A catheter's fragment embolized into the right sided heart. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

NEB‐related core‐rod myopathy with distinct clinical and pathological features

Introduction: Mutations in the gene encoding nebulin (NEB) are known to cause several types of congenital myopathy including recessive nemaline myopathy and distal nebulin myopathy. Core‐rod myopathy has recently been reported to be another type of NEB‐related myopathy, and is pathologically characterized by the coexistence of cores and nemaline rods within muscle fibers. Methods: We describe 2 patients with core‐rod myopathy who were analyzed genetically by whole exome sequencing and evaluated clinically and pathologically. Findings were compared with those of patients with the disease of other genetic causes. Results: Three NEB mutations were identified, 2 of which were novel. Mild clinical features, unusual patterns of muscle involvement, and atypical pathological findings were observed. Conclusions: We propose that the clinical and pathological spectrum of core‐rod myopathy should be widened. A significant amount of residual nebulin expression is believed to contribute to the much milder phenotype exhibited by the patients we describe here. Muscle Nerve 53: 479–484, 2016     

Planning a Continuum of Care in Child Psychiatric Nursing A Collaborative Effort

A guide for providing a continuum of care for children in need of psychiatric services from the least restrictive services (outpatient care), to a moderately restrictive setting (partial hospitalization), to the most restrictive setting (inpatient care) is described. Movement along the continuum is facilitated by the nurse case manager. Concepts from three theoretical frameworks are integrated to define goals, criteria, and expected outcomes for each level of care along the continuum. They are Neuman's (1982) systems model for nursing practice and education, Caplan's (1961) model for primary prevention of mental disorders in children, and Frances, Clarken and Perry's (1984) differential therapeutics. The continuum provides a guide for nurses and other health care providers to achieve high quality care as economically as possible. It also enhances self-care and self-responsibility for families of disturbed children by offering a sequential graded system of care along the health-illness continuum.     

Histomorphological and functional impacts of postoperative motor training in rats after allograft sciatic nerve transplantation under low‐dose FK 506

This study aimed to determine the effect of motor training on recovery after nerve transplantation under low‐dose FK 506. Rats (n = 30) of two strains were randomly assigned to three groups. Group I served as untreated controls; groups II and III received allograft transplants for reconstruction of the sciatic nerve and FK 506 (0.1 mg/kg/d). Nonoperated limbs served as intra‐animal controls. Group III received postoperative motor training. Functional and histomorphological outcomes were assessed by walking track analysis and by blob analysis for myelinization of nerve sections. Regeneration occurred in both groups II and III. The control sections of the nonoperated limbs in group III showed significantly higher myelinization compared with group I and II; regeneration of the operated side was superior in group II. With regard to postoperative motor training, no benefit could be seen; however, the impact of postoperative motor training on the nonoperated limb were identified. Muscle Nerve, 2009     

Hyposmia and executive dysfunction as predictors of future Parkinson's disease: A prospective study

Olfactory deficits and executive dysfunction are early and common symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous studies have shown that hyposmia can be a first sign of PD. The aim of the present study was to determine which of three olfactory tests and two selected tests of executive function would be the best predictor of future PD over a 5 year period. In a cohort of 361 nonparkinsonian, nondemented first‐degree relatives of PD patients, in whom alternative causes of olfactory dysfunction were excluded, we measured baseline performance on three olfactory and two executive function tasks. Five years from baseline, clinical neurological evaluation and/or a screening questionnaire, sensitive to the presence of Parkinsonism, were used to detect individuals developing clinical PD. Our results show that in first degree relatives of PD patients worse performance on each of three olfactory processing tasks was associated with an increased risk of developing PD within 5 years, whereas performance on selected tests of executive dysfunction was not associated with an increased risk of developing PD. Interestingly, impaired odor discrimination was the best predictor for future PD. © 2009 Movement Disorder Society