The relative plaque removal effect of a prebrushing mouthrinse

A total of 51 adult subjects participated in a three-period crossover trial to test plaque-removal effectiveness of a prebrushing mouthrinse. Subjects refrained from brushing to allow plaque to accumulate for 24 hours before the test. The accumulated plaque was graded using Turesky's method. The subjects then used one of three treatment regimens, were retested for accumulated plaque and regraded. The three treatments tested were a commercial prebrushing mouthrinse and no toothbrushing; a commercial prebrushing mouthrinse and brushing with a dentifrice for 30 seconds; a prebrushing water rinse and brushing with a dentifrice for 30 seconds. The analysis of the data found that both groups that brushed removed significantly more plaque than the group that did not brush. However, both the prebrushing rinse group and the water rinse group achieved the same amount of plaque removal through 30 seconds of toothbrushing with a dentifrice.     

Periodontal disease and insulin-dependent diabetes. Clinical study

The Authors present the results of a clinical study concerning 30 IDDM patients and 24 healthy subjects to evaluate periodontal disease. The results show a higher incidence of PI, PD and BTI in diabetic patients.     

The radiological prediction of inferior alveolar nerve injury during third molar surgery

The surgical removal of an impacted mandibular third molar may result in damage to the inferior alveolar nerve and may cause disabling anaesthesia of the lip; anaesthesia of the lower gingivae and anterior teeth may also result. Assessing the likelihood of injury depends to a great extent on preoperative radiographic examination. Seven radiological diagnostic signs have been mentioned in the literature; the reliability of these signs as predictors of likely nerve injury have been evaluated through retrospective and prospective surveys. Three signs were found to be significantly related to nerve injury and a further two were probably important clinically.     

Preoperative nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication for the prevention of postoperative dental pain

It is predictable for patients to experience postoperative pain and inflammation. Until recently, therapeutic strategies for the management of these sequelae have been symptomatic rather than preventive. This article reviews prophylactic use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication for preventing postoperative discomfort, and includes recommendations on patient selection and medication regiment.     

The effectiveness of two disinfectants on denture base acrylic resin with an organic load

This study compared the biocidal effectiveness of chlorine dioxide and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (diluted 1:10) on acrylic resin strips inoculated with Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, or Escherichia coli in the presence of an organic load. Sterile acrylic resin strips were immersed in a solution containing 10% horse serum and 10(5) to 10(7) organisms/ml for each type of organism, then disinfected in chlorine dioxide, sodium hypochlorite, or 0.9 sterile saline for 30 seconds or 1, 2, or 4 minutes. After disinfection, the strips were neutralized and incubated for 72 hours. The results showed a difference between the ability of chlorine dioxide and sodium hypochlorite to kill the test organisms on acrylic resin strips when organic matter is present. Chlorine dioxide achieved complete disinfection of all three organisms within 2 minutes. Sodium hypochlorite achieved complete disinfection of all three organisms within 4 minutes.     

A controlled study of the association of various dental anomalies with hypodontia of permanent teeth

Although hypodontia, or oligodontia, is one of the most common human dental anomalies observed, there have been few studies on the association of other anomalies occurring with it. The present investigation of 1032 patient records found that 65.7% of patients with hypodontia showed ankylosis of primary molars compared to only 1.5% of control children (P less than 0.001). In addition, taurodontism of the mandibular first permanent molar was observed in 34.3% of hypodontia cases compared to 7.1% in the controls (P less than 0.001). Other dental anomalies significantly associated with hypodontia include enamel hypoplasia (11.9%, P less than 0.01) and conical incisors (8.9%, P less than 0.01). In contrast, there were significantly more impacted teeth in control children compared to the hypodontia group. The results indicate that for patients with missing permanent teeth, clinicians should be alert to the possibility of these associated anomalies and their accompanying clinical implications.     

Effect of an acute maternal fluoride dose on fetal plasma fluoride levels and enamel fluoride uptake in guinea pigs

We conducted this study to measure maternal plasma, fetal plasma, and fetal enamel fluoride concentrations for four hours following an oral F dose to near-term pregnant guinea pigs. We placed female guinea pigs on de-ionized (Group I) or 3-ppm-F (Group II) drinking water prior to breeding and during gestation. On the 57th day of gestation, we administered a maternal dose of NaF solution (0.6 mg F/kg) by stomach tube. We collected samples of maternal plasma, fetal plasma, and fetal enamel at baseline, at 15 and 30 min, and at one, two, and four h after administration of the dose. We assayed samples for F using a modification of the micro-diffusion and ion-specific electrode method. Group I mean baseline F values were: maternal plasma, 0.016; fetal plasma, 0.002; and fetal enamel, 7.0 ppm. Group II mean values were: 0.055, 0.004, and 19.0 ppm. After the maternal fluoride dose, the mean maternal plasma [F] rose sharply for 30 to 60 min and declined to about 50% of peak values by four h. Fetal plasma [F] changed less in absolute values, but similarly to maternal changes relative to baseline. Fetal enamel mean [F] rose more in Group II than in Group I. Baseline F status had an important effect on F uptake in fetal enamel following an acute maternal fluoride dose.     

On the adsorption and reduction of NO3− ions at Au and Pt electrodes studied by in situ FTIR spectroscopy

The adsorption of nitrate ions on gold and platinum electrodes in acid solution has been studied in acidic solution using in situ FURS. It is found that nitrate is adsorbed probably with a two-fold coordination on gold electrodes as suggested by the adsórbate potential-dependent spectral feature centered between 1440 and 1460 cm^?1. In addition, partial reduction of the nitrate ions at more negative potentials (ca. 0.05 V) generates nitrite ions in solution. These ions are co-adsorbed with nitrate ions in the double layer region of potentials. The nitrite ions seem to be adsorbed O-down with a one-fold or two-fold coordination. Platinum electrodes are found to be much more active catalytically to nitrate reduction than gold electrodes. The reduction of nitrate ions at potentials below 0.8 V generates an adsorbed product presenting a potential-dependent band at 1540 to 1580 cm^?1 which has been identified as adsorbed NO.     

Mandibulofacial dysostosis. Case report

A case of mandibulofacial dysostosis (Treacher Collins syndrome) is presented. Clinical features and skull radiographs revealed typical anomalies associated with the syndrome. Cleft of the soft palate and unerupted multiple supernumerary teeth were present in this case. No haematological, biochemical or immunological abnormalities could be detected in the patient. Pedigree analysis showed an autosomal dominant mode of transmission of the disease. Chromosomal studies did not reveal any structural or numerical discrepancies.