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41.
Objective: To investigate the plasma levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), IL-17, IL-35 and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) in the women with history of idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) and in the fertile controls.

Methods: This study was conducted with 60 idiopathic RPL cases and 40 age-matched fertile controls. Mid-follicular plasma levels of IL-17, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta, IL-6, IL-4, IL-10, SOCS3 and IL-35 were assayed by an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.

Results: The mean age of RPL and control cases were 31.6?±?0.6 and 32.1?±?0.7 years, respectively. While plasma IL-35 and SOCS3 levels of RPL group were significantly lower than that of the control group; IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17 and TGF-beta levels of RPL group were significantly higher than that of the control group. The comparison of cytokine ratios between RPL and control groups indicated significantly high TNF-alpha/IL-10, TNF-alpha/IL-4, IFN-gamma/IL-10, IFN-gamma/IL-6 and IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratios in the RPL group. IL-35/IL-17 ratio was significantly low in the RPL group compared to that in the control group. Overstimulation of TNF-alpha presented moderate influence on recurrent miscarriage risk.

Conclusion: Decreased SOCS3 and IL-35 plasma levels and increased Th1/Th2 cytokine ratios in RPL cases pointed out the supression of anti-inflammatory process and this supression might play an important role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic RPL.  相似文献   

42.
Objective: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) lower respiratory tract infection is the most common viral infection in childhood. RSV-infected infants demonstrate various radiographic findings. The aim of the study is to evaluate whether assessment of radiological characteristics of lower tract infection due to RSV may be a predictor of clinical outcome in newborns.

Methods: The study included 36 newborn infants hospitalized for lower tract infection. In order to detect RSV, RSV Respi-Strip (Coris Bioconcept Organization) test kits were used on admission. Chest X-rays and clinical characteristics of the study group were reviewed.

Results: Of 36 patients hospitalized for lower tract infection from October 2012 to April 2013, 18 (50%) newborns were infected with RSV. The study included 36 neonates. Patients with RSV-positive infants at admission had greater need for respiratory support, supplemental oxygen and prolonged stay in the NICU. Newborns with an atelectasis pattern on admission chest radiograph had greater at RSV-positive infants.

Conclusion: Chest radiological patterns with lower respiratory tract infection in newborn infants due to RSV are a predictor of clinical outcome.  相似文献   

43.
44.
In this study we aimed to asses the association between the spirometric test which is known to be an indicator of severity of the disease and pulmonary artery pressure, in patient chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Study population consisted of 51 patients with COPD. Severity of the disease was graded by the criteria of European Respiratory Society; mildly obstructive 5 patients (FEV1 > 70%), moderately obstructive 10 (FEV1= 50-69%), severely obstructive 36 patients (FEV1 < 50%). Measurement of pulmonary artery pressure was performed bt microcatheterisation method. Statistical analysis was performed between two groups; group I consisted of mildly and moderately obstructive patients, and group II severely obstructive patients. Pulmonary artery pressure of the group II patients was significantly higher than that of group I patients (27 +/- 4 mmHg vs 22 +/- 1.6 mmHg, respectively p< 0.001). There were also statistically significant difference between group I and group II in respect to FEV1% (63 +/- 7 vs 28 +/- 9 respectively p< 0.001), FEV1 L (1.84 +/- 0.46 vs 0.89 +/- 0.36 respectively p< 0.001), FEV1/FVC (71 +/- 10 vs 53 +/- 11 respectively p< 0.001), FVC% (73 +/- 8 vs 47 +/- 10 respectively p< 0.001), and MMF% (38 +/- 13 vs 15 +/- 6 respectively p< 0.001). Pulmonary artery pressure and diameter of right descending pulmonary artery on chest X-ray of the patients were negatively correlated with FEV1%, FEV1 L, FVC and MMF (p< 0.001 for all). We have shown pulmonary artery pressure of the patients with COPD was negatively correlated with the spirometric parameters such as FEV1%, FEV1 L, FVC and MMF. So FEV1 < 50% can be used as an indicator of increased pulmonary artery pressure in patients with COPD.  相似文献   
45.
Object: Periodic exacerbations of symptoms are the major cause of morbidity, mortality and health care costs in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Dyspnea is the major factor affecting the comfort of patients in the exacerbation of COPD. In this study, we aimed to compare the value of forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) and inspiratory capacity (IC) measured before and after treatment in exacerbations and in the improvement in dyspnea. Methods: Eighty‐seven patients (male/female, 80/7; mean age, 63 ± 7) with COPD exacerbation were included in this study. All subjects underwent spirometric tests on the first day and at the end of treatment. The subjects were asked to quantify the sensation of dyspnea that was described to them as a nonspecific discomfort associated with the act of breathing. The patients quantified dyspnea by pointing to a score on a large Borg scale from 0 to 10 arbitrary units. In the beginning and at the end of treatment, forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV1, forced expiratory flow rate between 25% and 75% of FVC (FEF25–75), peak expiratory flow rate (PEF), IC and Borg score (BS) values were compared. Results: After treatment of COPD exacerbations, FEV1, FEF25–75, PEF and IC significantly increased, and the BS significantly decreased compared to the initial values. The increase in IC was more significantly correlated with the improvement in BS compared with FEV1. Admission and discharge day BS was negatively correlated with FEV1, FEF25–75 and IC. Conclusion: We have shown a more dramatic improvement in IC compared with FEV1 in patients treated as a result of acute exacerbation of COPD. These data suggest that IC may be more useful than FEV1 during acute exacerbation of COPD. Moreover, IC better reflects the severity of dyspnea in these patients. Please cite this paper as: Yetkin O and Gunen H. Inspiratory capacity and forced expiratory volume in the first second in exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The Clinical Respiratory Journal 2008; 2: 36–40.  相似文献   
46.
Acutely increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) can lead to multiple organ failure. As blood flow to intra-abdominal organs is reduced by high venous resistance, ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury plays an important role in the pathogenesis of abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) following IAP. Melatonin, a secretory product of the pineal gland, is known to have free radical scavenging and antioxidative properties in several oxidative processes. The objective of this study was to examine the potential protective properties of melatonin on the oxidative organ damage in a rat model of ACS. Under ketamine anesthesia, an arterial catheter was inserted intraperioneally (i.p.) and using an aneroid manometer connected to the catheter, IAP was kept at 20 mmHg (ischemia group; I) for 1 hr. In the ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) group, pressure applied for an hour was decompressed and a 1-hr reperfusion period was allowed. In another IR group, melatonin was administered (10 mg/kg, i.p.) immediately before the decompression of IAP. The results demonstrate that tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase activity (MPO; index of tissue neutrophil infiltration) were elevated, while glutathione (GSH; a key to antioxidant) levels were reduced in both I and I/R groups (P < 0.05-0.001). Melatonin treatment in I/R rats reversed these changes (P < 0.01-0.001). Moreover, melatonin given to the I/R group reduced the elevations in serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and blood urea nitrogen levels and abolished the increase in serum creatinine levels. Our results indicate that melatonin, because of antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties, ameliorates reperfusion-induced oxidative organ damage. In conclusion, the results of the present study suggest that the therapeutic value of melatonin as a 'reperfusion injury-limiting' agent must be considered in ACS.  相似文献   
47.
The protective effect of severe mitral regurgitation (MR) against left atrial thrombus formation has been well documented. It was also proposed that severe MR may prevent thrombus formation within the left ventricle (LV) with systolic dysfunction. Therefore, we investigated whether ischemic MR prevents thrombus formation within the LV in patients with systolic dysfunction. The study population was comprised of 1313 patients (1133 males, 180 females, age 56+/-18) with ischaemic LV dysfunction documented by coronary angiography and left ventriculography. None of the patients had a history of chronic anticoagulation. Epicardial coronary arteries were normal in 91 patients, and single-vessel, two-vessel, and triple-vessel disease were detected in 328, 330, and 564 patients, respectively. Left ventricular thrombus and severe MR were detected in 191 (14.5%) and 125 (9.5%) patients, respectively. Overall incidence of LV thrombus was lower in patients with severe MR than in patients without severe MR (4% vs 15.6%, OR: 0.2, P<0.001). Severe MR compared with absence of severe MR was associated with a lower incidence of LV thrombus both in patients with ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (6.8% vs 34.2%, OR: 0.19, P<0.001), and in patients with aneurysm (3% vs 18%, OR: 0.14, P<0.0001) involving anterolateral, septal and/or apical LV segments. A similar trend without statistical significance was also observed in patients with dyskinesia (4.7% vs 16%, OR: 0.26, P=0.1) related to anterolateral, septal and/or apical LV segments. However, MR had no impact on the incidence of LV thrombus in patients with aneurysm or dyskinesia related to posterior and/or inferior segments (3.7% vs 3%, OR: 1.2, P>0.05). In conclusion, severe MR seems to prevent LV mural thrombus formation in patients with ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy, and in patients with aneurysm related to anterolateral, septal, and/or apical LV segments. This relative risk reduction may be associated with diastolic volume overloading due to severe MR which may overcome stagnation and a procoagulant state within the LV with severe systolic dysfunction.  相似文献   
48.
Spinal cord injury (SCI) induced oxidative stress affects multiple organ systems including the kidney. We studied the possible protective effects of melatonin on SCI-induced oxidative damage in renal tissues of rats. Wistar albino rats (n = 24) were exposed to SCI and divided into vehicle- or melatonin-treated SCI groups. Melatonin was administred intraperitoneally at a dose of 10 mg/kg for seven days. Renal tissues were investigated by light and electron microscopy. Furthermore, tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) levels and myeloperoxidase (MPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were also determined. In the vehicle-treated SCI group, the renal histology was disturbed compared to controls, whereas the melatonin-treated SCI group showed significantly reduced degeneration of renal tissue as seen by both light and electron microscopy. MDA levels, MPO and SOD activities were increased and GSH levels were decreased in the vehicle-treated SCI group compared to controls. On the other hand, decreased MDA levels and MPO activities and increased GSH levels were observed in the melatonin-treated SCI group compared to vehicle-treated SCI group. These results showed that experimentally induced SCI caused oxidative stress in the rat kidney, whereas melatonin treatment reduced oxidative stress, suggesting that it may be used as a complementary therapy of renal problems occurring following SCI.  相似文献   
49.
Bottom-up assembly of osteon-like structures into large tissue constructs represents a promising and practical strategy toward the formation of hierarchical cortical bone. Here, a unique two-step approach, i.e., the combination of electrospinning and twin screw extrusion (TSE) techniques was used to fabricate a microfilament/nanofiber shell–core scaffold that could precisely control the spatial distribution of different types of cells to form vascularized osteon-like structures. The scaffold contained a helical outer shell consisting of porous microfilament coils of polycaprolactone (PCL) and biphasic calcium phosphates (BCP) that wound around a hollow electrospun PCL nanofibrous tube (the core). The porous helical shell supported the formation of bone-like tissues, while the luminal surface of nanofibrous core enabled endothelialization to mimic the function of Haversian canal. Culture of mouse pre-osteoblasts (POBs, MC 3T3-E1) onto the coil shells revealed that coils with pitch sizes greater than 135 μm, in the presence of BCP, favored the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of POBs. The luminal surface of PCL nanofibrous core supported the adhesion and spreading of mouse endothelial cells (ECs, MS-1) to form a continuous endothelial lining with the function similar to blood vessels. Taken together, the shell–core bi-layered scaffolds with porous, coil-like shell and nanofibrous tubular cores represent a new scaffolding technology base for the creation of osteon analogs.  相似文献   
50.
Journal of Digital Imaging - In our pediatric radiology department, radiographs (XR) are the shared responsibility of the body section and interpreted in addition to modality or site-specific...  相似文献   
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