盐酸帕洛诺司琼与盐酸托烷司琼在乳腺癌化疗中的止吐疗效观察

目的:观察盐酸帕洛诺司琼与盐酸托烷司琼预防由乳腺癌TEC方案辅助化疗所引起的恶心、呕吐反应的效果。方法:60例(淋巴结转移的)乳腺癌改良根治术后患者,术后统一使用TEC方案(多西他赛、表柔比星、氟尿嘧啶)化疗,采用随机自身对照交叉设计方法,将60例病人随机分为2组,盐酸帕洛诺司琼组(化疗前使用盐酸帕洛诺司琼0.25 mg止吐,第2周期使用盐酸托烷司琼5mg止吐)和盐酸托烷司琼组(化疗前使用盐酸托烷司琼5mg止吐,第2周期使用盐酸帕洛诺司琼0.25mg止吐),观察72 h内病人的恶心、呕吐发生率并作统计学分析。结果:使用盐酸帕洛诺司琼止吐时,急性呕吐发生数为0度33例,I度20例,II度6例,III度1例,IV度0例;使用盐酸托烷司琼止吐时,急性呕吐为0度28例,I度17例,II度12例,III度2例,IV度1例,两组差异无统计学意义。使用盐酸帕洛诺司琼止吐时,迟发性呕吐发生数为0度31例,I度26例,II度2例,III度1例,IV度0例;使用盐酸托烷司琼止吐迟发性呕吐发生数为0度19例,I度22例,II度12例,III度6例,IV度1例,两组差异有统计学意义。两组在防治恶心方面无显著性差异。结论:盐酸帕洛诺司琼能有效控制TEC方案化疗所引起的呕吐,是理想的长效止吐药物。     

十二指肠球部溃疡患者红细胞免疫活性的变化

目的 :探讨十二指肠球部溃疡与红细胞天然免疫功能的关系。方法 :对 5 6例十二指肠球部溃疡患者采用免疫粘附酵母菌花环法和肿瘤红细胞花环试验测定其红细胞CR1活性。结果 :十二指肠球部溃疡患者与正常人相比 ,红细胞C3b受体花环率 (RBC C3bRR)、红细胞粘附肿瘤花环率 (RBC TRR)明显降低 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,红细胞免疫复合物花环率 (RBC ICR)明显增高 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :十二指肠球部溃疡患者红细胞免疫功能属继发性低下 ,红细胞免疫可能参与了十二指肠球部溃疡发生 ,加强红细胞天然免疫功能对于防治十二指肠球部溃疡可能有重要意义     

The kinase p38α functions in dendritic cells to regulate Th2-cell differentiation and allergic inflammation

Dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in controlling T helper 2 (Th2) cell-dependent diseases, but the signaling mechanism that triggers this function is not fully understood. We showed that p38α activity in DCs was decreased upon HDM stimulation and dynamically regulated by both extrinsic signals and Th2-instructive cytokines. p38α-specific deletion in cDC1s but not in cDC2s or macrophages promoted Th2 responses under HDM stimulation. Further study showed that p38α in cDC1s regulated Th2-cell differentiation by modulating the MK2−c-FOS−IL-12 axis. Importantly, crosstalk between p38α-dependent DCs and Th2 cells occurred during the sensitization phase, not the effector phase, and was conserved between mice and humans. Our results identify p38α signaling as a central pathway in DCs that integrates allergic and parasitic instructive signals with Th2-instructive cytokines from the microenvironment to regulate Th2-cell differentiation and function, and this finding may offer a novel strategy for the treatment of allergic diseases and parasitic infection.     

重视供肝机械灌注研究,推动肝移植高质量发展

随着器官捐献数量不断增加和扩大标准供者(ECD)供肝定义不断拓展,供肝质量必然成为影响肝移植高质量发展的突出问题,也是相关领域的研究重点.最大限度解决器官短缺和推动器官移植高质量发展是我国器官捐献与移植事业发展的方向.近年来,利用机械灌注(MP)对供肝进行灌注、保存、评估及修复,已成为当前国际上提高肝移植质量的研究热点...     

肺癌血供的DSA研究及临床意义

目的：进一步明确肺癌的血供来源，为肺癌的介入治疗提供理论依据。材料与方法：对１８例原发性肺癌和２例转移性肺癌在介入治疗前同时行支气管动脉造影和肺动脉ＤＳＡ造影。结果：２０例肺癌全部由支气管动脉供血，肺动脉不参与肺癌的供血。结论：肺癌的灌注化疗或栓塞治疗均应经支气管动脉，不必经肺动脉     

中国女子足球运动员运动损伤规律及防治的初步研究

1997年春训时,对国家队等8支女子足球队共175名运动员进行了运动损伤调查及病因分析,结果显示女子足球运动损伤发生率为235.4％,其中急性损伤占41.8％,慢性损伤占58.2％。发病率列前6位的运动损伤依次为踝关节扭伤、膝关节韧带损伤、大腿后肌群拉伤、颈椎劳损、踝部骨关节病、腰肌劳损。损伤原因为训练水平不足、训练缺乏科学性、人为因素、客观原因。针对病因,我们以广东队等4队93名运动员作为防治组(陕西队等3队58人作为自然对照组),采取了综合防治措施。1998年春训时调查结果显示防治组运动损伤发生率为105.4％,而对照组运动损伤发生率为229.3％,二者有显著性差异(P＜0.05),表明在目前条件下,采取本文综合性防治措施是行之有效的。     

The FAPα-activated prodrug Z-GP-DAVLBH inhibits the growth and pulmonary metastasis of osteosarcoma cells by suppressing the AXL pathway

Osteosarcoma is a kind of bone tumor with highly proliferative and invasive properties, a high incidence of pulmonary metastasis and a poor prognosis. Chemotherapy is the mainstay of treatment for osteosarcoma. Currently, there are no molecular targeted drugs approved for osteosarcoma treatment, particularly effective drugs for osteosarcoma with pulmonary metastases. It has been reported that fibroblast activation protein alpha (FAPα) is upregulated in osteosarcoma and critically associated with osteosarcoma progression and metastasis, demonstrating that FAPα-targeted agents might be a promising therapeutic strategy for osteosarcoma. In the present study, we reported that the FAPα-activated vinblastine prodrug Z-GP-DAVLBH exhibited potent antitumor activities against FAPα-positive osteosarcoma cells in vitro and in vivo. Z-GP-DAVLBH inhibited the growth and induced the apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells. Importantly, it also decreased the migration and invasion capacities and reversed epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of osteosarcoma cells in vitro and suppressed pulmonary metastasis of osteosarcoma xenografts in vivo. Mechanistically, Z-GP-DAVLBH suppressed the AXL/AKT/GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway, leading to inhibition of the growth and metastatic spread of osteosarcoma cells. These findings demonstrate that Z-GP-DAVLBH is a promising agent for the treatment of FAPα-positive osteosarcoma, particularly osteosarcoma with pulmonary metastases.KEY WORDS: Osteosarcoma, Fibroblast activation protein alpha, Growth, Pulmonary metastasis, Vinblastine prodrug, AXL, β-Catenin     

Synergistic effects of malononitrilamides (FK778, FK779) with tacrolimus (FK506) in prevention of acute heart and kidney allograft rejection and reversal of ongoing heart allograft rejection in the rat

BACKGROUND: The effects of tacrolimus (FK506) and malononitrilamides (MNA) (FK778 and FK779) monotherapy and combination therapy were examined in prevention of acute heart and kidney allograft rejection and reversal of ongoing acute heart allograft rejection in the rat. METHODS: Brown Norway (RT1n)-to-Lewis (RT11) and ACI (RT1a)-to-Lewis (RT11) combinations were used, respectively, for heart and kidney transplantation models. Immunosuppressants were administered orally from day 1 to day 14 for preventing acute rejection and from day 4 to day 34 after transplantation for the reversal of ongoing acute rejection. RESULTS: In the prevention of acute heart rejection model, recipient rats treated with monotherapy of tacrolimus or MNA (FK778, FK779) showed a dose-related prolongation of mean survival time (MST) compared with naive control rats (P<0.01). The mean survival time in combination therapy of tacrolimus (FK506) and FK778 indicated that an additive to synergistic interaction was produced when compared with the respective monotherapies (combination index [CI]=0.631-1.022). These results were reproducible with tacrolimus and FK779 combination therapy (CI=0.572-0.846). Furthermore, similar results were also found in the prevention of acute kidney allograft rejection in the rat (CI=0.137-0.516). In the reversal of ongoing acute heart allograft rejection, combination therapy of tacrolimus and FK778 demonstrated a strong synergistic interaction (CI=0.166-0.970) compared with monotherapy of tacrolimus or FK778. CONCLUSIONS: Combination therapy of tacrolimus and MNA (FK778, FK779) produces synergistic effects in prevention of acute heart and kidney rejection and reversal of ongoing heart allograft rejection in the rat.     

慢性不可预见性应激对大鼠神经递质及下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质轴的影响

目的探讨慢性不可预见性应激(chronic unpredictable stress,CUS)对大鼠神经递质和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质轴(hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis,HPA)的影响。方法 16只SD雄性大鼠随机数字表法分为正常对照组和模型组。模型组大鼠给予慢性不可预见性的应激,检测其体质量增长量;通过蔗糖偏嗜实验观察大鼠行为学的改变;采用高效液相-电化学法测定海马多巴胺(dopamine,DA)、5-羟色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT),高效液相-荧光法测定谷氨酸(glutamic acid,Glu)、γ-氨基丁酸(γ-aminobutyric acid,γ-GABA);用放射免疫法检测血浆及下丘脑促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素(corticotropin-releasing hormone,CRH)、促肾上腺皮质激素(adrenocorticotropic hormone,ACTH)、皮质酮(corticosterone,CORT)。结果与正常对照组相比,模型组大鼠体质量增长量显著降低,糖水消耗量明显下降,DA、γ-GABA显著降低,5-HT、Glu有升高的趋势,ACTH显著降低,CORT质量浓度明显增高。结论 CUS会导致大鼠行为学的改变,HPA轴的紊乱。     

高效液相色谱法测定春雨烧伤膏中盐酸小檗碱的含量

目的建立春雨烧伤膏中盐酸小檗碱含量的高效液相色谱法。方法色谱柱为HypersilODSC185μm 4.6× 1 0 0mm ;流动相为乙腈—1 %磷酸溶液 — 三乙胺 ( 2 5∶75∶0 .75 ) ,检测波长为 3 45nm ;柱温为 45℃ ;流速为 1 .0mL min。结果盐酸小檗碱在 5 7.5～ 5 75ng(r=0 .9995 ,n =6)范围内呈良好的线性关系 ;平均回收率为 99.2 3 % ,RSD为 1 .40 %。结论用高效液相色谱法检测简便、快速 ,定量准确 ,可用于春雨烧伤膏的定量分析。