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81.
Jennifer Mills Nicole Burton Norine Schmidt Oscar Salinas John Hembling Alberto Aran Michele Shedlin Patricia Kissinger 《Journal of immigrant and minority health / Center for Minority Public Health》2013,15(3):606-613
High rates of sex and drug risk behaviors have been documented among Latino migrant men in the US. Whether these behaviors were established in the migrants’ home countries or were adopted in the US has not been described and has implications for prevention strategies. Quarterly surveys were conducted to gather information on selected sex and drug risk practices of Latino migrant men who arrived in New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina seeking work. Both kappa scores and McNemar’s tests were performed to determine if practice of these behaviors in home country was similar to practice post-emigration to the US. Female sex worker (FSW) patronage, same sex encounters (MSM), and crack cocaine use was more likely to occur post- rather than pre-emigration. Of those who ever engaged in these selected behaviors, most adopted the behavior in the US (i.e., 75.8 % of FSW patrons, 72.7 % of MSM participants, and 85.7 % of crack cocaine users), with the exception of binge drinking (26.8 %). Men who were living with a family member were less likely to adopt FSW patronage OR = 0.27, CI = 0.10–0.76, whereas men who earned >$465 per week were more likely to adopt crack cocaine use OR = 6.29 CI = 1.29, 30.57. Interventions that facilitate the maintenance of family cohesion and provide strategies for financial management may be useful for reducing sex and drug risk among newly arrived migrants. 相似文献
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Daniele Santetti Maria Inês de Albuquerque Wilasco Cristina Toscani Leal Dornelles Isabel Cristina Ribas Werlang Fernanda Urruth Fontella Carlos Oscar Kieling Jorge Luiz dos Santos Sandra Maria Gon?alves Vieira Helena Ayako Sueno Goldani 《World journal of gastroenterology : WJG》2015,21(29):8927-8934
AIM: To evaluate the nutritional status and its association with proinflammatory cytokines in children with chronic liver disease.METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study with 43 children and adolescents, aged 0 to 17 years, diagnosed with chronic liver disease. All patients regularly attended the Pediatric Hepatology Unit and were under nutritional follow up. The exclusion criteria were fever from any etiology at the time of enrollment, inborn errors of the metabolism and any chronic illness. The severity of liver disease was assessed by Child-Pugh, Model for End-stage Liver Disease(MELD) and Pediatric End Stage Liver Disease(PELD) scores. Anthropometric parameters were height/age, body mass index/age and triceps skinfold/age according to World Health Organization standards. The cutoff points for nutritional status were risk of malnutrition(Z-score -1.00) and malnutrition(Z-score -2.00). Interleukin-1β(IL-1β), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α levels were assessed by commercial ELISA kits. For multivariate analysis, linear regression was applied to assess the association between cytokine levels, disease severity and nutritional status. RESULTS: The median(25th-75 th centile) age of the study population was 60(17-116)-mo-old, and 53.5% were female. Biliary atresia was the main cause of chronic liver disease(72%). With respect to Child-Pugh score, cirrhotic patients were distributed as follows: 57.1% Child-Pugh A, a mild presentation of the disease, 34.3% Child-Pugh B, a moderate stage of cirrhosis and 8.6% Child-Pugh C, were considered severe cases. PELD and MELD scores were only above the cutoff point in 5 cases. IL-6 values were increased in patients at nutritional risk(34.9%) compared with those who were well-nourished [7.12(0.58-34.23) pg/m L vs 1.63(0.53-3.43) pg/m L; P = 0.02], correlating inversely with triceps skinfold-for-age z-score(rs =-0.61; P 0.001). IL-6 levels were associated with liver disease severity assessed by Child-Pugh score(P = 0.001). This association remained significant after adjusting for nutritional status in a linear regression model. CONCLUSION: High IL-6 levels were found in children with chronic liver disease at nutritional risk. Inflammatory activity may be related to nutritional status deterioration in these patients. 相似文献
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Hector R. Galván-Salazar Alejandro Arreola-Cruz Daniela Madrigal-Pérez Alejandro D. Soriano-Hernández Jose Guzman-Esquivel Daniel A. Montes-Galindo Rodrigo A. López-Flores Francisco Espinoza-Gomez Iram P. Rodríguez-Sanchez Oscar A. Newton-Sanchez Agustin Lara-Esqueda Margarita L. Martinez-Fierro Xochitl G. Brise?o-Gomez Ivan Delgado-Enciso 《Breast care (Basel, Switzerland)》2015,10(6):393-396
86.
Cynthia Aristei Valentina Lancellotta Marco Piergentini Giacomo Costantini Simonetta Saldi Sara Chierchini Antonella Cavalli Luca Di Renzo Oscar Fiorucci Massimo Guasticchi Vittorio Bini Alessandro Ricci 《Brachytherapy》2019,18(1):57-62
Purpose
High-dose-rate, multicatheter interstitial brachytherapy is technically complex and operator-dependent, requiring lengthy training and specialized skills. Furthermore, until the advent of contouring on computerized tomography (CT) images, difficulties existed in locating the target volume precisely. The present article reports the results of a study that aimed at producing and validating a 3D-printed template to aid in target volume localization for multicatheter interstitial brachytherapy in patients with breast cancer.Methods and Materials
Thirteen patients, candidates for accelerated partial breast irradiation or boost, were enrolled in the study. The target volume was defined on CT slices, and a template with empty spaces corresponding to the target volume projection on the patient's skin was produced by a 3D printer. The procedure was compared with the standard method followed in our center (1) visually, by assessing overlap between the target volume projections on the patient's skin, (2) by X-ray findings, and (3) by intraclass correlation coefficient.Results
Visual assessment and X-ray findings showed the 3D-printed target volume always fell within the standard volume in all 13 patients. The intraclass correlation coefficient indicated moderate agreement for both the medial and the lateral skin projections.Conclusions
The 3-D printed templates constitute a quick, easy, and reliable method to localize the target volume for high-dose-rate interstitial multicathether brachytherapy in patients with breast cancer and can safely be used in clinical practice. 相似文献87.
88.
A Generalized Entropy Measure of Within-Host Viral Diversity for Identifying Recent HIV-1 Infections
There is a need for incidence assays that accurately estimate HIV incidence based on cross-sectional specimens. Viral diversity-based assays have shown promises but are not particularly accurate. We hypothesize that certain viral genetic regions are more predictive of recent infection than others and aim to improve assay accuracy by using classification algorithms that focus on highly informative regions (HIRs).We analyzed HIV gag sequences from a cohort in Botswana. Forty-two subjects newly infected by HIV-1 Subtype C were followed through 500 days post-seroconversion. Using sliding window analysis, we screened for genetic regions within gag that best differentiate recent versus chronic infections. We used both nonparametric and parametric approaches to evaluate the discriminatory abilities of sequence regions. Segmented Shannon Entropy measures of HIRs were aggregated to develop generalized entropy measures to improve prediction of recency. Using logistic regression as the basis for our classification algorithm, we evaluated the predictive power of these novel biomarkers and compared them with recently reported viral diversity measures using area under the curve (AUC) analysis.Change of diversity over time varied across different sequence regions within gag. We identified the top 50% of the most informative regions by both nonparametric and parametric approaches. In both cases, HIRs were in more variable regions of gag and less likely in the p24 coding region. Entropy measures based on HIRs outperformed previously reported viral-diversity-based biomarkers. These methods are better suited for population-level estimation of HIV recency.The patterns of diversification of certain regions within the gag gene are more predictive of recency of infection than others. We expect this result to apply in other HIV genetic regions as well. Focusing on these informative regions, our generalized entropy measure of viral diversity demonstrates the potential for improving accuracy when identifying recent HIV-1 infections. 相似文献
89.
Lisa Lieberman Una Diffley Sandy King Shelley Chanler Maryanne Ferrara Oscar Alleyne Joan Facelle 《American journal of public health》2013,103(11):1942-1948
In 2000, Rockland County, a small suburban county north of New York City, dedicated $1 million of its Master Settlement Agreement funds to a comprehensive tobacco control program, Put It Out Rockland. Developed and implemented by the county health department, this program used an essential public health services model and an ongoing financial investment, within the context of strong statewide tobacco control efforts, to lower adult smoking rates to 9.7% and to reduce both smoking among youths and exposure to secondhand smoke over the ensuing decade. By combining state funds and local dollars for a total of $6.75 cost per capita, this comprehensive effort yielded 11 000 fewer smokers and translated to a potential savings of more than $24 million for the county. 相似文献
90.