氟伐他汀防治大鼠放射性胸膜炎的实验研究

目的观察氟伐他汀对大鼠放射性胸膜炎的防治作用。方法采用随机数字表法,将80只健康雌性SD大鼠分为对照组（n=8）、单纯放射组（n=36）、氟伐他汀组（n=36）。氟伐他汀组于照射前1周,给予20mg／（kg·d）氟伐他汀灌胃,直至活杀,其他组灌服等量生理盐水。单纯放射组和氟伐他汀组采用直线加速器全胸部照射,单次剂量20Gy。照射后对大鼠进行x线透视扫描,并在第15d、30d、60d以3．5％水合氯醛麻醉大鼠,剪开胸腔,对有胸水者进行病理和生化检查。结果单纯放射组放射性胸膜炎发生率为41．7％（15／36）。氟伐他汀组放射性胸膜炎发生率为19．4％（7／36）。两组之间的差异有统计学意义（x2=4．19,P〈0．05）。经过对比发现氟伐他汀组病理学改变轻于同期的单纯放射组。结论放射性胸膜炎在放射性肺损伤的早期即可出现,氟伐他汀能有效防治大鼠放射性胸膜炎。     

A factor shed by lymphoblastoid cell lines of HLA-B27 positive patients with ankylosing spondylitis, specifically modifies the cells of HLA-B27 positive normal individuals.

Epstein-Barr virus transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines from HLA-B27 positive individuals with ankylosing spondylitis (B27+AS+) release, into the culture medium, a factor capable of specifically modifying the HLA-B27 positive lymphocytes of normal individuals (B27+AS-); this modification results in a phenotypic change similar to that seen on B27+AS+ lymphocytes. This lymphoblastoid cell line derived factor appears to be physically and functionally similar to a factor present in the culture filtrate of certain Klebsiella isolates. Biogel P-100 chromatography of the material released from the cell line indicated a mol.wt of 25,000-30,000, similar to that of the Klebsiella derived factor. Chromatofocusing on a PBE 94 column revealed that cell line derived factor had an isoelectric point of 5.5 (cf. pI 5.4 for the Klebsiella derived factor). Immunoadsorption experiments suggest that the factor from the B27+AS+ cell line shares antigenic determinants with a cell surface component present on certain Klebsiella isolates. These results will form the basis for future studies on the nature of the interaction between HLA-B27 and certain enteric organisms and their products. A better understanding of this association should elucidate some of the early events in the pathogenesis of the seronegative arthropathies.     

Inhalational anesthetics inhibit spreading depression: relevance to migraine

Cortical spreading depression (SD) has not been shown in the human neocortex by direct cortical recordings. However, animal studies suggest that cortical injury, such as that occurring during neurosurgical procedures, should result in the initiation of SD. It is possible that inhibition of SD by volatile anesthetic agents may partially explain the failure to observe SD in the human neocortex during surgery. This study examines the effect of the anesthetic agents α-chloralose, halothane, nitrous oxide and isoflurane on the initiation of cortical SD in the cat neocortex. SD was seen in 100% of cats anesthetized with α-chloralose ( n = 15), in 3 of 7 (42%) animals anesthetized with isoflurane ( p < 0.05, χ² with Yates correction) and none of the animals ( n = 4, 6 hemispheric preparations) anesthetized with halothane ( p < 0.005, χ² with Yates correction, halothane vs α-chloralose group). In all cases this inhibitory effect was reversible. In four animals the administration of nitrous oxide (66%) reduced the inspired concentration of isoflurane required to inhibit SD by 0.75%. This study suggests that halothane, and to a lesser extent isoflurane and nitrous oxide, protect against the initiation of cortical SD. This observation may partially explain why SD has not been demonstrated in human neocortex during surgery. Further studies are needed to determine if SD may occur under pathological conditions, such as during migraine with aura, where the cortex may be predisposed to SD.     

纤溶酶相关蛋白在冠心病患者中的表达

目的:了解冠心病患者是否存在组织型纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)及纤溶酶原激活抑制物Ⅰ(PAI-Ⅰ)功能紊乱,以及这两个指标与血脂、胰岛素抵抗的相关关系。方法:选择2004年1月至2006年1月于我院住院就诊的冠心病患者作为观察对象。按临床类型分为SAP组、UAP组、AMI组、OMI组,并设健康对照组。检测t-PA、PAI-Ⅰ、胰岛素敏感性指数(IAI)、胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)等指标。结果:(1)健康对照组t-PA高于各型冠心病组(P<0.05),AMI组t-PA低于其余各型冠心病组(P<0.05);健康对照组PAI-Ⅰ低于各型冠心病组(P<0.05),AMI组PAI-Ⅰ高于其余各型冠心病(P<0.05)。(2)t-PA与IAI呈正相关,与TC、TG、LDL呈负相关;PAI-Ⅰ则与IAI呈负相关,与TC、TG、LDL呈正相关。(3)各病例组t-PA于治疗后有所升高,PAI-Ⅰ于治疗后有所下降(P<0.05)。结论:冠心病患者存在明显的纤溶功能紊乱,且以急性期为重,并且纤溶功能紊乱与胰岛素抵抗、血脂异常等因素有关。     

Is fecundability associated with month of birth? An analysis of 19th and early 20th century family reconstitution data from The Netherlands

The relationship between fecundability and month of birth was investigated in a cohort of 1526 women who married between 1802 and 1929, using only women whose first marriage occurred before the age of 35 years. On the basis of their time to pregnancy (TTP, calculated as time between wedding and first birth minus gestational length), women were categorized into two groups: fecunds (TTP up to 12 months or prenuptial conceptions, n = 1348) and subfecunds (TTP >18 months, n = 118). By use of logistic regression, cosinor functions with a period of 1 year or 6 months and variable shift and amplitude were fitted through the monthly odds of subfecunds versus fecunds. The best fitting curve was unimodal, with a zenith in September (P = 0.13 for H0: no differences). Exclusion of childless women (n = 36, minimum follow-up 5 years) from the subfecunds led to a similar curve (P < 0.01), while childless women, as compared with fecunds, showed a birth distribution that was best represented with a bimodal curve with zeniths in January and July (P = 0.06). This study provides evidence for the existence of differences in fecundability by month of birth. The cause of this relationship is unclear, but may lie in a melatonin-dependent circannual variability of the quality of the oocyte.      

提高大鼠心肌梗死后心力衰竭模型存活率的实验研究

目的建立大鼠心肌梗死后心力衰竭模型,并进行评估,以提高存活率和成功率。方法分批对70只SD大鼠行冠状动脉左前降支结扎术,同时设15只假手术组,并计算死亡率。于4周时行血流动力学检查,检测心率(HR)、左心室舒张末压(LVEDP)、左室压力最大上升速率(+dp/dtmax)以及左室压力最大下降速率(-dp/dtmax)。结果4周时模型组HR、+dp/dtmax和-dp/dtmax绝对值均低于假手术组(P<0.05),LVEDP则高于假手术组(P<0.05)。随着手术大鼠例数增多,存活率得到提高(P<0.05)。结论心肌梗死后4周形成心力衰竭模型,通过经口气管插管法、选择结扎冠状动脉分支末梢部位、增加手术操作熟练程度,可提高动物存活率。     

26万女性队列人群中乳腺癌与人工流产关系的研究（上海）

目的：评估人工流产（指手术流产）对乳腺癌危险性的可能影响。方法：研究在上海267040例妇女的一项乳房自我检查随机试验的队列人群中进行，由队列研究和巢式病例对照研究两部分组成。结果：依据基线调查表采集的资料分析，人工流产不增加乳腺癌危险性。调整潜在的混淆因素后，OR=1．06（95％CI：0．91～1．25）。人工流产次数增加无危险性趋势增加。从更详细的652例乳腺癌病例和694例对照资料分析，得出相似的结果。人工流产发生在首次生育后不增加危险性；少数妇女在首次生育前人工流产以及妊娠13周后人工流产，虽然被观察到危险性有增加，但无显著性统计学意义。结论：在中国，人工流产不是乳腺癌发生的重要原因。     

开设综合性生理学实验课的实践与体会

生理学探索性、综合性实验有利于提高学生的系统综合和创新能力，为此，根据实验室现有条件，我们对传统实验教学进行改革，设计成为探索性综合性实验并在七年制学生中开展。该实验既与课本知识紧密结合，又与临床密切相关。实践证明，该实验使学生系统性掌握生理学知识的同时为他们临床分析解决问题奠定了基础。     

止痛消痔膏治疗痔疮临床观察

目的：探讨止痛消痔膏对痔疮的临床治疗效果。方法：采用完全随机的方法,将110例受试对象分配到治疗组（60例）和对照组（50例）。治疗组采用止痛消痔膏,对照组采用马应龙痔疮膏。根据疗效标准判断疗效。结果：治疗组60例患者中,有效率为99.99%,对照组50例患者中,有效率达78%。结论：止痛消痔膏治疗湿热性痔病疗效肯定。     

Remission following an elemental diet or prednisolone in Crohn's disease

The short- and long-term effects of an elemental diet in children with acute Crohn's disease were compared with those of prednisolone in historical controls. Clinical remission was induced in 25 of 30 and in 18 of 28 episodes treated for six weeks with an elemental diet and prednisolone. Patients with proximal disease had longer remission after treatment with an elemental diet (p < 0.05) than did patients with colonic disease after treatment with prednisolone (p < 0.01). Disease activity index score improved in both groups compared with the pretreatment scores (p < 0.05). However, the improvement in the elemental diet group was significantly better than in the prednisolone group (p < 0.001). Changes in linear growth were better after treatment with an elemental diet compared with steroids (p < 0.001). Serum albumin and haematocrit concentrations all improved significantly in the children treated with an elemental diet (p < 0.001) but not in those treated with steroids. Thus an elemental diet was better than prednisolone in proximal disease and confirmed improved growth and nutritional status.