全喉术后气动式人工喉发音重建的临床应用

摘要： 目的 探讨气动式人工喉的构造、 使用及临床应用， 为全喉切除患者行发音重建提供参考依据。方法 对15例全喉切除的喉癌患者运用自行研制的气动式人工喉行发音重建， 研究其构造、 发音原理及应用效果， 分别采用听距法、 嗓音主观听感知评估方法 （GRBAS量表） 和嗓音障碍指数 （VHI） 量表对发音效果进行评估， 并对患者进行随访。结果 15例患者经训练1周基本能正常交流。发音效果评估： 听距法， 达Ⅰ～Ⅱ级者14例 （93.33%）； GRBAS 量表， 除1例嗓音虚弱程度 （A） 为2分 （中度异常） 外， 15例患者其余指标均为0～1分， 即正常或轻度异常； VHI量表， 14例患者发音训练2周后VHI量表各项得分和总分明显低于发音训练1周后， 差异有统计学意义 （P＜0.01）， 而发音训练1周后功能 （F） 和生理 （P）、 功能 （F） 和情感 （E） 有明显相关性， 2周后三者间没有明显相关性。随访结果显示， 排除肿瘤复发而病故者， 最终流利、 清晰讲话者12例， 成功率为85.7%。结论 气动式人工喉的应用能让无喉患者讲话清楚、 流利， 保持原有的语言特点。该方法操作简便、 成功率高， 短期内训练时间越长发音效果越好， 值得临床推广使用。     

Syrinx-like artifacts on MR images of the spinal cord

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of the spinal cord frequently demonstrates, especially on sagittal sections, a central stripe that mimics a true syrinx. This syrinx-like manifestation of a truncation artifact occurs in objects having a width of only a few pixels and was demonstrated by calculations verified with phantom MR images. Healthy volunteers and two patients with a syrinx and cervical spondylosis, respectively, underwent MR imaging. By increasing the number of phase-encoding steps, decreasing the field of view, and switching phase- and frequency-encoding axes, the syrinx-like artifact can be eliminated.     

Recombinant factor VIIa corrects prothrombin time in cirrhotic patients: A preliminary study

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Cirrhotic patients with a prolonged prothrombin time (PT) are known to have low levels of factor VII. Because the current modalities to correct this problem are not ideal, recombinant factor VIIa (rFVIIa) may be useful in correcting the prolonged PT observed in the coagulopathy of cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of rFVIIa in nonbleeding volunteer patients with the coagulopathy of cirrhosis. METHODS: A preliminary, single-center, dose- escalation trial was performed. Cirrhotic patients with a PT of > 2 seconds above the upper limit of the reference value received an intramuscular injection of vitamin K. Ten patients whose PT did not correct to within 2 seconds above the control of the upper limit of the reference value were given three successive dosages of rFVIIa (5, 20, and 80 micrograms/kg) during a 3-week period. RESULTS: The mean PT transiently corrected to normal in all three dosage groups. No adverse effects were noted. There was no evidence of the induction of disseminated intravascular coagulation. CONCLUSIONS: This preliminary trial shows rFVIIa to be effective in transiently reversing the prolonged PT in a select group of nonbleeding cirrhotic patients. These preliminary observations support conducting a large-scale efficacy trial. (Gastroenterology 1997 Dec;113(6):1930-7)