全文获取类型
收费全文 | 850篇 |
免费 | 45篇 |
国内免费 | 1篇 |
专业分类
儿科学 | 5篇 |
妇产科学 | 3篇 |
基础医学 | 95篇 |
口腔科学 | 25篇 |
临床医学 | 55篇 |
内科学 | 360篇 |
皮肤病学 | 4篇 |
神经病学 | 52篇 |
特种医学 | 13篇 |
外科学 | 48篇 |
综合类 | 4篇 |
预防医学 | 87篇 |
眼科学 | 15篇 |
药学 | 28篇 |
肿瘤学 | 102篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 10篇 |
2021年 | 21篇 |
2020年 | 8篇 |
2019年 | 10篇 |
2018年 | 12篇 |
2017年 | 16篇 |
2016年 | 9篇 |
2015年 | 10篇 |
2014年 | 21篇 |
2013年 | 26篇 |
2012年 | 47篇 |
2011年 | 44篇 |
2010年 | 27篇 |
2009年 | 20篇 |
2008年 | 52篇 |
2007年 | 61篇 |
2006年 | 62篇 |
2005年 | 54篇 |
2004年 | 52篇 |
2003年 | 30篇 |
2002年 | 35篇 |
2001年 | 24篇 |
2000年 | 16篇 |
1999年 | 26篇 |
1998年 | 10篇 |
1997年 | 5篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1994年 | 7篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 18篇 |
1991年 | 14篇 |
1990年 | 11篇 |
1989年 | 17篇 |
1988年 | 16篇 |
1987年 | 19篇 |
1986年 | 13篇 |
1985年 | 8篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 5篇 |
1973年 | 6篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
1970年 | 2篇 |
1969年 | 2篇 |
1968年 | 3篇 |
1966年 | 3篇 |
1964年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有896条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Omama S Yoshida Y Ogawa A Onoda T Okayama A 《Journal of neurology, neurosurgery, and psychiatry》2006,77(12):1345-1349
Background
The precise time of stroke onset during sleep is difficult to specify, but this has a considerable influence on circadian variations of stroke onset.Aim
To investigate circadian variations in situations at stroke onset—that is, in the waking state or during sleep—and their differences among subtypes.Methods
12 957 cases of first‐ever stroke onset diagnosed from the Iwate Stroke Registry between 1991 and 1996 by computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging were analysed. Circadian variations were compared using onset number in 2‐h periods with relative risk for the expected number of the average of 12 2‐h intervals in the waking state or during sleep in cerebral infarction (CIF), intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) and subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH).Results
ICH and SAH showed bimodal circadian variations and CIF had a single peak in all situations at onset, whereas all three subtypes showed bimodal circadian variations of stroke onset in the waking state only. These variations were different in that CIF showed a bimodal pattern with a higher peak in the morning and a lower peak in the afternoon, whereas ICH and SAH had the same bimodal pattern with lower and higher peaks in the morning and afternoon, respectively.Conclusions
Sleep or status in sleep tends to promote ischaemic stroke and suppress haemorrhagic stroke. Some triggers or factors that promote ischaemic stroke and prevent haemorrhagic stroke in the morning cause different variations in the waking state between ischaemic and haemorrhagic stroke.Stroke occurrence shows chronobiological variations,1 such as circannual variations, circaseptan variations and circadian variations. Various patterns have been reported but no conclusions have yet been reached on circadian variations. The circadian variations of stroke onset may differ according to subtype or reporter, and are classified as cerebral infarction (CIF) with a single peak2,3,4,5,6 or double peaks,7,8 subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) with a single peak9 or double peaks,6,10,11,12,13,14 and intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) with double peaks.6,10,12 Most previous studies have not treated the three major subtypes simultaneously. Only three reports6,7,8 discussed all the three subtypes, but the number of cases of ICH, especially of SAH, was too small for investigation of circadian variation. This may have led to differences in the conceived patterns of circadian variation. Large numbers of cases in population‐based samples are required to investigate and compare the circadian variations of stroke onset among subtypes. For investigation of the triggers and risk factors of stroke onset, it is necessary to determine the circadian variations of stroke onset with precise times. The precise time of stroke onset during sleep is difficult to specify, but this has a considerable influence on circadian variations of stroke onset.We investigated circadian variation in stroke onset by situations at onset in CIF, ICH and SAH in a Japanese population, by using stroke registry data. We also investigated the differences in circadian variations, triggers and risk factors among subtypes. 相似文献32.
Akiko Shitara Toru Shibui Miki Okayama Toshiya Arakawa Itaru Mizoguchi Yasunori Sakakura Taishin Takuma 《Journal of oral biosciences / JAOB, Japanese Association for Oral Biology》2017,59(4):192-196
Background
The Golgi apparatus is at a crossroads between anterograde and retrograde trafficking. It exhibits a twisted ribbon-like network in the juxtanuclear region of vertebrate cells. Vesicle-associated membrane protein 4 (VAMP4) is a unique v-SNARE expressed exclusively in trans-Golgi networks (TGN), where it regulates retrograde trafficking from the early endosome to the TGN with its cognate SNARE partners Syntaxin 6, Syntaxin 16, and Vti1a.Highlight
To examine whether VAMP4 plays a role in maintaining the Golgi ribbon structure, we depleted VAMP4 expression using a small interfering RNA. Depletion of VAMP4 led to fragmentation of the Golgi ribbon in HeLa cells. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that, in the absence of VAMP4, although the Golgi stack length was shortened, Golgi stacking was normal. Furthermore, depletion of the cognate SNARE partners of VAMP4 also disrupted the Golgi ribbon structure. Microscopy-based analyses showed that Golgi fragmentation did not impair anterograde traffic.Conclusion
Our findings suggest that VAMP4 and its cognate SNAREs are required for maintaining the Golgi ribbon structure by balancing membrane transport between the endosome and TGN. 相似文献33.
Kanokogi H Ko S Kanehiro H Hisanaga M Tatekawa Y Kanamura T Okayama J Nakajima Y 《The Journal of surgical research》2004,116(2):269-276
BACKGROUND: The high proportions of lymphoid tissues are thought to be one of the underlying factors inducing severe allograft rejection following small bowel transplantation. Mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) contained in the intestinal graft are not only a source of donor-derived professional antigen-presenting cells, but also offer a field for immune interaction between donor and host cells. We investigated immune responses in graft MLNs with or without FK506 to develop a novel strategy to control small bowel allograft rejection. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Heterotopic small bowel transplantations were performed from Brown Norway donors to Lewis recipients. Changes in population of lymphocytes, expressions of costimulatory molecules, apoptosis, and cytokine profiles in graft MLNs were evaluated. RESULTS: The increase in apoptotic cells and cytokine responses relating to rejection in the graft MLNs developed prior to those in graft jejunum. While donor lymphocytes in graft MLNs were rapidly replaced to host-derived lymphocytes independent of FK treatment, increase in CD8(+) T cells in host population was seen only in recipients without FK506 treatment. The expressions of B7 molecules on donor cells in graft MLNs were significantly lower in the recipients with FK treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Immune responses in graft MLNs have significant impact on the outcome of the small bowel allograft. Apoptosis of graft MLN cells was well correlated with and ahead of progression of acute rejection. Modulation of costimulatory molecules on donor-derived MLN cells in the allograft and specific suppression of host CD8(+) T cells are possible ways to control severe rejection after allogeneic small bowel transplantation. 相似文献
34.
Atsushi Takeno MD Ichiro Takemasa MD Shigeto Seno PhD Makoto Yamasaki MD Masaaki Motoori MD Hiroshi Miyata MD Kiyokazu Nakajima MD Shuji Takiguchi MD Yoshiyuki Fujiwara MD Toshiro Nishida MD Toshitsugu Okayama PhD Kenichi Matsubara PhD Yoichi Takenaka PhD Hideo Matsuda PhD Morito Monden MD Masaki Mori MD Yuichiro Doki MD 《Annals of surgical oncology》2010,17(4):1033-1042
Background
Peritoneal relapse is the most common pattern of tumor progression in advanced gastric cancer. Clinicopathological findings are sometimes inadequate for predicting peritoneal relapse. The aim of this study was to identify patients at high risk of peritoneal relapse in a prospective study based on molecular prediction.Methods
RNA samples from 141 primary gastric cancer tissues after curative surgery were profiled using oligonucleotide microarrays covering 30,000 human probes. Firstly, we constructed a molecular prediction system and validated its robustness and prognostic validity by 500 times multiple validation by repeated random sampling in a retrospective set of 56 (38 relapse-free and 18 peritoneal-relapse) patients. Secondly, we applied this prediction to 85 patients of the prospective set to assess predictive accuracy and prognostic validity.Results
In the retrospective phase, repeated random validation yielded ~68% predictive accuracy and a 22-gene expression profile associated with peritoneal relapse was identified. The prediction system identified patients with poor prognosis. In the prospective phase, the molecular prediction yielded 76.9% overall accuracy. Kaplan–Meier analysis of peritoneal-relapse-free survival showed a significant difference between the “good signature group” and “poor signature group” (log-rank p = 0.0017). Multivariate analysis by Cox regression hazards model identified the molecular prediction as the only independent prognostic factor for peritoneal relapse.Conclusions
Gene expression profile inherent to primary gastric cancer tissues can be useful in prospective prediction of peritoneal relapse after curative surgery, potentially allowing individualized postoperative management to improve the prognosis of patients with advanced gastric cancer. 相似文献35.
Takako Yamamoto Yasuyuki Nakamura Atsushi Hozawa Tomonori Okamura Takashi Kadowaki Takehito Hayakawa Yoshitaka Murakami Yoshikuni Kita Akira Okayama Robert D Abbott Hirotsugu Ueshima 《Circulation journal》2008,72(4):545-550
BACKGROUND: Some studies focusing on low-risk profiles for cardiovascular disease have been reported in Western countries. Yet, few reports have examined, with substantial longevity, the low-risk profile for cardiovascular disease in the Japanese population. This study examines whether having a favorable risk factor profile yields lower all-cause mortality and whether the proportion of those with a low-risk profile is larger in the Japanese population. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 8,339 men and women aged 30-69 years without a history of cardiovascular diseases for 19 years, who had participated in the 1980 National Survey on Circulatory Disorders after being randomly selected from throughout Japan, were followed. Low risk was defined as having all of the following baseline characteristics: blood pressure (BP) <120/80 mmHg; no antihypertensive medication; serum cholesterol 160-240 mg/dl (4.14-6.22 mmol/L); no history of diabetes; and non-smoker. The long-term mortality of the low-risk group was compared with that of others using the Cox proportional hazard model. The prevalence of low risk was 9.4% of all participants. The multivariate-adjusted hazard ratios for low-risk individuals compared with others were as follows: 0.33 (95% confidence intervals (CI), 0.15-0.74) for cardiovascular disease and 0.63 (95% CI, 0.46-0.88) for all-cause mortality. The most attributable risk factor for all-cause mortality was high BP (>or=120/80 mmHg). CONCLUSION: Japanese individuals with favorable cardiovascular disease risk profiles had lower mortality from cardiovascular disease and all-causes than those without. 相似文献
36.
Okamura T Tanaka T Yoshita K Chiba N Takebayashi T Kikuchi Y Tamaki J Tamura U Minai J Kadowaki T Miura K Nakagawa H Tanihara S Okayama A Ueshima H;HIPOP-OHP research group 《Journal of human hypertension》2004,18(1):9-16
The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of popular Japanese alcoholic beverages on blood pressure. We performed a cross-sectional study on 4335 Japanese male workers using baseline data from an intervention study. We defined six groups according to the type of alcoholic beverage that provided two-thirds of the subject's total alcohol consumption: beer, sake (rice wine), shochu (traditional Japanese spirits), whiskey, wine and others. The partial regression coefficients of daily alcohol intake (1 drink=11.5 g of ethanol) to systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were 0.87(P<0.001, standard error (s.e.)=0.09) and 0.77(P<0.001, s.e.=0.06), respectively. A comparison among the types of alcoholic beverages mainly consumed revealed significant differences in SBP and DBP. Both SBP and DBP were highest in the shochu group. However, an analysis of covariance adjusting for total alcohol consumption resulted in the disappearance of these differences. Although after adjustment for total alcohol consumption, the shochu group exhibited a significant positive association with 'high-normal blood pressure or greater' (odds ratio 1.43, 95% confidence interval 1.06-1.95) compared with the beer group, this significant relation disappeared after adjusting for the body mass index (BMI), urinary sodium and potassium excretion. The pressor effect, per se, of popular Japanese alcoholic beverages on blood pressure may not be different among the types of alcoholic beverages after adjusting for other lifestyle factors. 相似文献
37.
Michinobu Nagao Teruhito Kido Kouki Watanabe Hideyuki Saeki Hideki Okayama Akira Kurata Kohei Hosokawa Hiroshi Higashino Teruhito Mochizuki 《The international journal of cardiovascular imaging》2011,27(3):471-481
We attempted to assess coronary artery flow using adenosine-stress and dual-energy mode with dual-source CT (DE-CT). Data
of 18 patients with suspected coronary arteries disease who had undergone cardiac DE-CT were retrospectively analyzed. The
patients were divided into two groups: 10 patients who performed adenosine stress CT, and 8 patients who performed rest CT
as controls. We reconstructed an iodine map and composite images at 120 kV (120 kV images) using raw data with scan parameters
of 100 and 140 kV. We measured mean attenuation in the coronary artery proximal to the distal portion on both the iodine map
and 120 kV images. Coronary enhancement ratio (CER) was calculated by dividing mean attenuation in the coronary artery by
attenuation in the aortic root, and was used as an estimate of coronary enhancement. Coronary stenosis was identified as a
reduction in diameter of >50% on CT angiogram, and myocardial ischemia was diagnosed by adenosine-stress myocardial perfusion
scintigraphy. The iodine map showed that CER was significantly lower for ischemic territories (0.76 ± 0.06) or stenosed coronary
arteries (0.77 ± 0.06) than for non-ischemic territories (0.95 ± 0.21, P = 0.02) or non-stenosed coronary arteries (1.07 ± 0.33, P < 0.001). The 120 kV images showed no difference in CER between these two groups. Use of CER on the iodine map separated
ischemic territories from non-ischemic territories with a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 75%. Our quantification
is the first non-invasive analytical technique for assessment of coronary artery flow using cardiac CT. CER on the iodine
map is a candidate method for demonstration of alteration in coronary artery flow under adenosine stress, which is related
to the physiological significance of coronary artery disease. 相似文献
38.
Histopathological analysis of cold snare polypectomy and its indication for colorectal polyps 10–14 mm in diameter
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Digestive endoscopy》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
39.
40.
B. J. Morland J. Barley D. Boehm S. U. Flavell N. Ghaleb J. A. Kohler K. Okayama B. Wilkins D. J. Flavell 《British journal of cancer》1994,69(2):279-285
The transplantation of the human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) cell line HSB-2 into severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice was found to produce a disseminated pattern of leukaemia similar to that seen in man. The intravenous injection of 10(7) HSB-2 cells was associated with a universally fatal leukaemia. Histopathological examination of animals revealed the spread of leukaemia initially from bone marrow to involve all major organs including the meninges. An immunotoxin (HB2-Sap) was constructed by conjugating the anti-CD7 MAb HB2 to the ribosome-inactivating protein saporin. An in vitro protein synthesis inhibition assay revealed specific delivery of HB2-Sap immunotoxin (IT) to CD7+ HSB-2 target cells with an IC50 of 4.5 pM. When SCID mice were injected with 10(6) HSB-2 cells and then treated 8 days later with a single intravenous dose of 10 micrograms of immunotoxin there was a significant therapeutic effect evidenced by the numbers of animals surviving in the therapy group compared with untreated controls (chi 2 = 5.348, P = 0.021). These results demonstrate the useful application of human leukaemia xenografts in SCID mice and the potential therapeutic effect of an anti-CD7 immunotoxin in human T-ALL. 相似文献