The efficacy of flonivin BS in the treatment of intestinal dysbacteriosis]

The paper presents results of intestinal dysbacteriosis (ID) treatment with flonivin in 25 patients. The diagnosis was made clinically and bacteriologically (fecal examinations). Flonivin BS proved to be an effective biological preparation for management of ID stage I and II. It is composed of bacteria which do not conflict with macroorganism, contribute to normalisation of intestinal biocenosis, is especially beneficial in ID induced by long-term administration of antibiotics.     

Quantifying brain microstructure with diffusion MRI: Theory and parameter estimation

We review, systematize and discuss models of diffusion in neuronal tissue, by putting them into an overarching physical context of coarse‐graining over an increasing diffusion length scale. From this perspective, we view research on quantifying brain microstructure as occurring along three major avenues. The first avenue focusses on transient, or time‐dependent, effects in diffusion. These effects signify the gradual coarse‐graining of tissue structure, which occurs qualitatively differently in different brain tissue compartments. We show that transient effects contain information about the relevant length scales for neuronal tissue, such as the packing correlation length for neuronal fibers, as well as the degree of structural disorder along the neurites. The second avenue corresponds to the long‐time limit, when the observed signal can be approximated as a sum of multiple nonexchanging anisotropic Gaussian components. Here, the challenge lies in parameter estimation and in resolving its hidden degeneracies. The third avenue employs multiple diffusion encoding techniques, able to access information not contained in the conventional diffusion propagator. We conclude with our outlook on future directions that could open exciting possibilities for designing quantitative markers of tissue physiology and pathology, based on methods of studying mesoscopic transport in disordered systems.     

Basis of immunocorrective therapy among patients with chronic osteomyelitis

The application of Dimexid and Dekaris is shown to give better results in the treatment of patients with chronic osteomyelitis.     

Smoking and risk of glioma: a meta-analysis

Objective  

Although causal relationships between smoking and cancer risk have been established for many sites, most studies of brain cancer have not supported an association. However, two recent cohort studies showed increased risks of glioma among smokers. We quantified the association between smoking and glioma through a meta-analysis of the literature.