Role of postnatal penicillin prophylaxis in prevention of neonatal group B streptococcus infection

This prospective study was designed to identify the role of postnatal penicillin prophylaxis in the prevention of neonatal group B streptococcus (GBS) infection. We studied 10 998 infants. Of these, 5389 were in the penicillin prophylaxis group (PP) and 5609 infants did not receive penicillin prophylaxis (NPP). Infants were allocated to treatment by month of birth, alternating 3-mo blocks or 2-mo blocks to the two groups after the first block was randomly assigned. The use of PP reduced the incidence of clinical sepsis (1.7% PP versus 2.5% NPP, p < 0.01), GBS infection (0.4% PP versus 0.9% NPP, p < 0.001) and deaths from sepsis (0.1% PP versus 0.3% NPP, p < 0.05). We conclude that the routine use of postnatal penicillin prophylaxis appears to be effective in reducing the incidence of clinical sepsis and death from sepsis in neonates.     

小金胶囊抗炎、镇痛作用药效学试验

目的：考察小金胶囊在抗炎及镇痛方面的药效作用。方法：抗炎作用采用小鼠耳肿胀法、大鼠踝关节肿胀法，镇痛作用采用小鼠甲醛致痛法及醋酸扭体法。结果：小金胶囊对二甲苯所致的小鼠耳炎具有明显的抑制作用，可抑制角叉菜胶所致的大鼠踝关节肿胀，对甲醛所致的小鼠足疼痛具有抑制作用，并可减少醋酸引起的小鼠扭体次数。结论：小金胶囊具有明显的抗炎及镇痛作用。     

同种异体胚胎神经干细胞移植修复脊髓损伤的时效性观察

目的:观察同种异体胚胎神经干细胞移植对脊髓损伤大鼠双后肢运动功能的修复作用,并分析其移植时效性。方法:实验于2003-07/08在大连医科大学分子生物学实验室和大连理工大学环境与生命学院生物医学实验室完成。①取孕14￣16d的大白鼠1只,引颈处死,剖腹,取出胎鼠,钳取大脑皮质及皮质下脑室旁的脑组织,体外培养大鼠胚胎神经干细胞。②将30只成年SD大鼠按随机数字表法分为3组,即损伤对照组、早期移植组和延期移植组,每组10只。3组大鼠均制作脊髓横断损伤模型,造成大鼠下肢瘫痪,早期移植组、延期移植组大鼠分别在伤后3d及3周移植胎鼠脑组织神经干细胞。观察移植后大鼠双后肢的运动功能恢复情况,通过胶质原纤维酸性蛋白及神经元特异性烯醇化酶免疫组化染色法观察各组大鼠的脊髓组织形态学变化,胶质原纤维酸性蛋白是星形胶质细胞特异性标志蛋白,神经元特异性烯醇化酶是神经元特异性蛋白。结果:脊髓损伤建模实验纳入大鼠30只,全部进入结果分析,无脱失。①各组大鼠神经干细胞移植后双后肢的功能恢复情况:早期移植组和延期移植组大鼠双后肢的运动功能均有明显改善,但早期移植组表现尤为显著。早期移植组和延期移植组细胞移植后五六天即可见瘫痪大鼠的后肢肌力开始恢复,二三周后可出现爬行,4周后后肢活动活跃;损伤对照组大鼠的瘫痪肢体无任何恢复。②移植4周后早期移植组大鼠移植区脊髓组织的形态学变化:脊髓移植区肉眼可见有增生的组织充填,镜下有大量新生的细胞,表现为神经元和神经胶质细胞阳性染色(胶质原纤维酸性蛋白( ),神经元特异性烯醇化酶( ))。结论:神经干细胞移植对脊髓横断大鼠运动功能恢复有促进作用,早期移植疗效更好。     

Measurement of renin in segmental renal veins of hypertensives

In 27 of 270 patients studies for possible renovascular hypertension, a lesion affecting a segmental renal artery was seen on angiography. In 22 patients who had sufficient data, the significance of measuring segmental-renal-vein renin in the diagnosis and treatment of segmental disease was evaluated. In 11 (50%), the renin values of segmental vessels supported the clinical diagnosis. In four (36%) of these 11, a high-renin-release area would not have been identified without the stress of upright posture. Successful treatment of hypertension was achieved in six of nine patients who had a revascularization procedure or resection of the segmental vessels. Samples from involved and uninvolved segments of the kidney as well as from the contralateral renal vein and inferior vena cava, together with the stimuli of sodium and volume depletion augmented by upright posture, enabled confirmation of the angiographic diagnosis of segmental-renovascular hypertension.