全文获取类型
收费全文 | 6689篇 |
免费 | 266篇 |
国内免费 | 56篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 23篇 |
儿科学 | 133篇 |
妇产科学 | 56篇 |
基础医学 | 828篇 |
口腔科学 | 104篇 |
临床医学 | 431篇 |
内科学 | 1837篇 |
皮肤病学 | 66篇 |
神经病学 | 386篇 |
特种医学 | 323篇 |
外科学 | 1009篇 |
综合类 | 56篇 |
一般理论 | 2篇 |
预防医学 | 198篇 |
眼科学 | 175篇 |
药学 | 339篇 |
中国医学 | 11篇 |
肿瘤学 | 1034篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 4篇 |
2023年 | 45篇 |
2022年 | 91篇 |
2021年 | 148篇 |
2020年 | 83篇 |
2019年 | 115篇 |
2018年 | 130篇 |
2017年 | 104篇 |
2016年 | 152篇 |
2015年 | 140篇 |
2014年 | 221篇 |
2013年 | 301篇 |
2012年 | 471篇 |
2011年 | 499篇 |
2010年 | 269篇 |
2009年 | 232篇 |
2008年 | 432篇 |
2007年 | 462篇 |
2006年 | 424篇 |
2005年 | 432篇 |
2004年 | 406篇 |
2003年 | 390篇 |
2002年 | 416篇 |
2001年 | 68篇 |
2000年 | 36篇 |
1999年 | 75篇 |
1998年 | 101篇 |
1997年 | 84篇 |
1996年 | 100篇 |
1995年 | 67篇 |
1994年 | 54篇 |
1993年 | 63篇 |
1992年 | 43篇 |
1991年 | 38篇 |
1990年 | 46篇 |
1989年 | 49篇 |
1988年 | 50篇 |
1987年 | 30篇 |
1986年 | 15篇 |
1985年 | 11篇 |
1984年 | 13篇 |
1983年 | 21篇 |
1982年 | 18篇 |
1981年 | 16篇 |
1980年 | 6篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1978年 | 5篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 4篇 |
1974年 | 6篇 |
排序方式: 共有7011条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
Abul Mokarim Masataka Uetani Ichiro Sakamoto Nobuyuki Hayashi Koichiro Nomata Hiroshi Ohtani 《Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden)》1997,36(2):175-181
Forty-five patients (median age 63 years) with muscle invasive bladder cancer were treated with transcatheter intraarterial infusion (TAI) of cisplatin (CDDP) and doxorubicin. They received a total of 114 courses (median 3 courses per patient) of TAI. Complete response was obtained in 20 patients (44%), partial response in 17 (38%), stable disease in 6(13%), and progression of disease in 2 patients (5%). The overall response rate was 82% at a median follow-up of 36 months. The actuarial survival of the patient population was 72% at 5 years; 36 patients were alive and 9 had died of cancer progression. The treatment was generally extremely well tolerated without major complications. The current study also revealed the fact that papillary carcinomas were more sensitive to this therapy than were non-papillary tumors. Overall, response rate and local control were significantly higher in low-grade than in high-grade tumors. The observed high complete response and good survival rate suggest that intraarterial CDDP and doxorubicin might be highly effective for localized invasive bladder cancer. 相似文献
52.
Abstract Background. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has allowed the detection of numerical chromosomal aberrations in interphase nuclei on fresh or frozen smears of leukemia.
Methods. To analyze clonality and residual disease in myeloid leukemia retrospectively, we applied FISH to bone marrow smears stored at ambient temperature for up to 9 years.
Results: When hybridization efficiency was investigated on stored control smears from patients without hematological malignancy, more than 96% of nuclei showed the expected number of signals using DNA probes specific for chromosome 7, X or Y. In combination with cell morphology, we observed much higher hybridization efficiency in blasts and granulomonocytic cells compared with lymphoid and erythroid cells. On the basis of good hybridization efficiency for old smear specimens, we applied FISH to stored bone marrow smears of myeloid leukemias, in which either loss of chromosome 7 or loss of sex chromosomes had been verified previously by conventional cytogenetics (one patient with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) and four with acute myeloid leukemia (AML; three M2 and one M7)). As a result, the loss of chromosome was detected in blasts from all patients and was observed in mature granulocytes, except in M7. In the CMML patient and one AML (M2) patient with t(8;21), lymphoid and erythroid cells also showed the loss of chromosomes, suggesting that it should occur at stem-cell level. A high amount of residual disease was detected in the morphological remission samples in one AML (M2) patient after induction therapy. The patient eventually succumbed to relapse.
Conclusion Thus, the present FISH technique is useful to analyze the clinical significance of clonality and the residual disease in myeloid leukemia, retrospectively. 相似文献
Methods. To analyze clonality and residual disease in myeloid leukemia retrospectively, we applied FISH to bone marrow smears stored at ambient temperature for up to 9 years.
Results: When hybridization efficiency was investigated on stored control smears from patients without hematological malignancy, more than 96% of nuclei showed the expected number of signals using DNA probes specific for chromosome 7, X or Y. In combination with cell morphology, we observed much higher hybridization efficiency in blasts and granulomonocytic cells compared with lymphoid and erythroid cells. On the basis of good hybridization efficiency for old smear specimens, we applied FISH to stored bone marrow smears of myeloid leukemias, in which either loss of chromosome 7 or loss of sex chromosomes had been verified previously by conventional cytogenetics (one patient with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) and four with acute myeloid leukemia (AML; three M2 and one M7)). As a result, the loss of chromosome was detected in blasts from all patients and was observed in mature granulocytes, except in M7. In the CMML patient and one AML (M2) patient with t(8;21), lymphoid and erythroid cells also showed the loss of chromosomes, suggesting that it should occur at stem-cell level. A high amount of residual disease was detected in the morphological remission samples in one AML (M2) patient after induction therapy. The patient eventually succumbed to relapse.
Conclusion Thus, the present FISH technique is useful to analyze the clinical significance of clonality and the residual disease in myeloid leukemia, retrospectively. 相似文献
53.
The 1.5 GHz Electromagnetic Near-field Used for Cellular Phones Does Not Promote Rat Liver Carcinogenesis in a Medium-term Liver Bioassay 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
Katsumi Imaida Masao Taki So-ichi Watanabe Yoshitsugu Kamimura Takayasu Ito Tsuyoshi Yamaguchi Nobuyuki Ito Tomoyuki Shirai 《Cancer science》1998,89(10):995-1002
We have recently established that local exposure to a 929.2 MHz electromagnetic near-field, used for cellular phones, does not promote rat liver carcinogenesis in a medium-term bioassay system. In the present study, a 1.439 GHz electromagnetic near-field (EMF), another microwave band employed for cellular phones in Japan, was similarly investigated. Time division multiple access (TDMA) signals for the Personal Digital Cellular (PDC) Japanese cellular telephone standard system were directed to rats through a quarter-wavelength monopole antenna. Numerical dosimetry showed that the peak SARs within the liver were 1.91–0.937 W/kg, while the whole-body average specific absorption rates (SARs) were 0.680–0.453 W/kg, when the time-averaged antenna radiation power was 0.33 W. Exposure was for 90 min a day, 5 days a week, over 6 weeks, to male F344 rats given a single dose of diethylnitrosamine (200 mg/kg, i.p.) 2 weeks previously. At week 3, all rats were subjected to a two-thirds partial hepatectomy. At week 8, the experiment was terminated and the animals were killed. Carcinogenic potential was scored by comparing the numbers and areas of the induced glutathione S-transferase placental form (GST-P)-positive foci in the livers of exposed (48) and sham-exposed rats (48). Despite increased serum levels of corticosterone, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and melatonin, the numbers and the areas of GST-P-positive foci were not significantly altered by the exposure. These findings clearly indicated that local body exposure to a 1.439 GHz EMF, as in the case of a 929.2 MHz field, has no promoting effect on rat liver carcinogenesis in the present model. 相似文献
54.
Phenotypic shift in human differentiated gastric cancers from gastric to intestinal epithelial cell type during disease progression 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
Akemi Yoshikawa Ken-ichi Inada Takasuke Yamachika Nobuyuki Shimizu Michio Kaminishi Masae Tatematsu 《Gastric cancer》1998,1(2):134-141
Background. The phenotypic expression of tumor cells is widely thought to resemble that of the tissue of origin. In the present study,
to assess phenotypic changes that occur with disease progression, we investigated human differentiated gastric cancers at
different depths of invasion for component cancer cell types.
Methods. Using a combined mucin histochemical and immunohistochemical approach, we classified surgical specimens of 301 differentiated
gastric cancers into three types: gastric epithelial cell (G) type, intestinal epithelial cell (I) type and mixed gastric
and intestinal (GI) type, according to the phenotypic differentiation of the component cancer cells. The relation between
the phenotypic type of cancer and their depth of invasion was evaluated.
Results. The proportion of G type cancers was 41.4% in early (tumor invasion of mucosa or submucosa) cases, decreasing to 22.2% in
advanced (tumor invasion of muscularis propia or deeper) cases, whereas the proportion of I type cancers increased with progressive
disease from 23.5% to 31.1% (P < 0.01). Cancers invading the subserosa or deeper included more I type cases and fewer G type than cancers limited to the
mucosa (P < 0.01). In most cases of each phenotypic type, intestinal metaplasia was recognized in the surrounding background mucosa,
but no clear relation was shown between the phenotype of cancers and the degree of intestinal metaplasia in the background
mucosa, suggesting that intestinal metaplasia is not always a preneoplastic lesion.
Conclusions. A phenotypic shift from G to I type expression was observed with the progression of human differentiated gastric cancers.
Intestinalization may occur independently in cancerous and noncancerous gastric mucosa.
Received for publication on May 1, 1998; accepted on Oct. 22, 1998 相似文献
55.
Nobuyuki Enomoto Yoshiyuki Takei Kazuyoshi Kon Shunhei Yamashina Satoko Suzuki Kenichi Ikejima Nobuhiro Sato 《Nihon Arukōru Yakubutsu Igakkai zasshi》2005,40(3):213-218
The hepatotoxic effects of alcohol have been described in detail, but factors responsible for its hepatotoxicity have only partially characterized. It now appears that Kupffer cell derived TNF-alpha participates in several aspects of alcoholic liver injury. On the other hand, protease inhibitors have been used successfully for treatment of intractable diseases in which TNF-alpha is involved in the pathogenesis, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Here, we will review new evidence for the proposal that serine protease inhibitors prevents alcoholic liver injury via mechanisms dependent on Kupffer cell derived TNF-alpha. 相似文献
56.
Gender difference in alcoholic liver injury] 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nobuyuki Enomoto Yoshiyuki Takei Shunhei Yamashina Kenichi Ikejima Satoko Suzuki Tsuneo Kitamura Nobuhiro Sato 《Nihon Arukōru Yakubutsu Igakkai zasshi》2004,39(3):163-167
Gender differences of alcoholic liver injury have been described previously, but mechanisms have only partially characterized. For example, it is known that females develop alcoholic liver injury more rapidly and to a greater extent than males. It now appears that estrogen participates in several aspects of this phenomenon. On the other hand, attention has been directed towards the effect of ethanol ingestion on Kupffer cell function, which is stimulated by gut-derived endotoxins via mechanisms dependent on increased gut permeability and the possible relationship between Kupffer cell and alcohol-induced liver injury. 相似文献
57.
Yuzo Deguchi Takatoshi Maeno Yuichi Hori Nobuyuki Hiruta Daisuke Sasai Yukihiro Sato 《Case reports in ophthalmology》2014,5(2):226-230
Introduction
To report a case in which intraocular silicone oil migrated into the upper eyelid and caused ptosis.Methods
A 65-year-old woman presented with proliferative vitreoretinopathy in the right eye. Vitrectomies, injection of silicone oil and encircling were performed. Two months after the last operation, swelling of her right eyelid occurred.Result
Magnetic resonance imaging revealed moisture in the palpebral fat tissue. We incised the bulbar conjunctiva and confirmed silicone oil leakage from the vitreous cavity through the scleral button hole of the encircling suture. Postoperatively, the right upper eyelid swelling decreased. Histopathologically, dense macrophage infiltration was seen in the palpebral tissues.Conclusions
We report a rare case with a postoperative complication caused by silicone oil. In cases with swelling of the eyelid and decreased silicon oil in the vitreous cavity postoperatively, clinicians should consider the possibility of silicone oil leakage.Key words: Migration of silicone oil, Upper eyelid, Vitrectomy, Scleral buckling, Postoperative complication, Ptosis 相似文献58.
Hirotomo Dochi Satoru Kondo Takayuki Murata Masaki Fukuyo Asuka Nanbo Kousho Wakae WenPing Jiang Toshihide HamabeHoriike Mariko Tanaka Takumi Nishiuchi Harue Mizokami Makiko MoriyamaKita Eiji Kobayashi Nobuyuki Hirai Takeshi Komori Takayoshi Ueno Yosuke Nakanishi Miyako Hatano Kazuhira Endo Hisashi Sugimoto Naohiro Wakisaka ShinHun Juang Masamichi Muramatsu Atsushi Kaneda Tomokazu Yoshizaki 《Cancer science》2022,113(8):2862
59.
Takatoshi Aoki Toshihiro Miyamoto Yasuo Mori Goichi Yoshimoto Takuji Yamauchi Kenjiro Kamezaki Katsuto Takenaka Hiromi Iwasaki Naoki Harada Koji Nagafuji Nobuyuki Shimono Takanori Teshima Koichi Akashi 《Mycoses》2011,54(4):e255-e259
Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is an important cause of infectious morbidity and mortality in patients who undergo haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). History of IA before allogeneic HSCT is still challenging because of the high risk of recurrence after HSCT. Recent advances in early‐stage diagnosis and new, more effective classes of antifungal agents have improved the management of IA in the HSCT recipients. We report two cases with acute myelogenous leukaemia after primary failure of induction chemotherapy with the patients developing pulmonary IA. They responded well to a combination of voriconazole (VCZ) and micafungin, resulting in a remarkable reduction of pulmonary IA lesions at short intervals. Thereafter, antifungal therapy was switched to liposomal amphotericin B (L‐AmB), followed by conditioning regimen for allogeneic HSCT, because of the possibility of VCZ altering the metabolism of chemotherapeutic agents and calcineurin inhibitors. Successful engraftment was achieved without severe adverse side‐effects or aggravation of IA after HSCT. Combining VCZ with micafungin followed by L‐AmB throughout HSCT could be advantageous in stabilising IA in HSCT patients. 相似文献
60.