Multicomponent synthesis of dispiroheterocycles using a magnetically separable and reusable heterogeneous catalyst

Dispiroheterocycles have been synthesized by pseudo-four component reaction of 6-aminouracil/6-amino-2-thiouracil/2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole, p-toluidine and isatins in an ethanol–water mixture as solvent using β-cyclodextrin functionalized Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles as a magnetically separable and reusable heterogeneous catalyst. The nanocatalyst was synthesized and characterized by physicochemical characterization including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD).

An efficient and sustainable synthetic protocol has been presented for the synthesis of dispiroheterocycles using a magnetically separable and reusable nanostructured heterogeneous catalyst.     

Transient versus surgically managed small bowel intussusception in children: Role of ultrasound

Background:

To evaluate and compare the ultrasound (US) features of transient small bowel intussusception (SBI) with those which required surgical management.

Materials and Methods:

US features of 26 children with 32 intussusceptions from January 2014 to August 2014 were recorded and compared with follow-up imaging or surgical findings.

Results:

Transient SBI when compared to surgically managed intussusception has shorter length of intussusception (mean 2.25 cm, range 1.8-4.5 cm vs. mean 5.6 cm, range, 2.3-7.8 cm), smaller transverse diameter (mean, 1.2 cm, range 0.8-2.3 cm vs. mean, 3.3 cm, range 2.9-5.4 cm) and thin wall (mean, 3.3 mm, 2.3-4.9 mm vs. mean, 6.8 mm, range, 4.3-11.2 mm). Four out of five surgically managed intussusceptions were associated with the lead point while none of the transient SBI had any lead point. Peristalsis was absent in all surgically managed intussusceptions.

Conclusion:

Transient SBI is associated with a shorter length of intussusception, smaller transverse diameter, thin walls, absence of the lead point and visible peristalsis. All these findings may help in distinguishing it from those requiring surgical management.Key words: Children, surgically managed small bowel intussusception, transient small bowel intussusception, ultrasound     

AIDS and heart disease: is cardiac surgery justified?

A compromised immune system, limited survival and increased risk to the anaesthetic and surgical team of acquiring HIV infection have been the major concerns in offering cardiac surgery to patients with AIDS. The current report presents a patient with AIDS who underwent successful, uncomplicated coronary artery surgery. He remains free of ischaemic and any infectioe symptoms 12 months postoperatively.     

Entomological studies on malaria in irrigated and non-irrigated areas of Thar desert, Rajasthan, India

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES: Malaria is the major health problem in western Rajasthan yet its vector fauna and transmission dynamics thereof is not understood properly. The present investigations report complete profile of qualitative and quantitative aspects of anopheline species occurring in different settings of desert ecosystem. METHODS: Area with irrigation through canal for more than 20 years (setting I), area with irrigation through canal for 10 years (setting II) and area without any irrigation (setting III) have been selected for studies. Species identification and their densities (per man hour) was made as per standard methods. RESULTS: In village of setting I, during rainy season, An. subpictus and An. stephensi were present while during winter season four species--An. subpictus, An. stephensi, An. culicifacies and An. annularis were collected. In all the villages of setting I, II and III no Anopheles mosquito was observed during summer season. In the villages of desert region without any irrigation facilities through any canal, the anopheline species were present only during rainy season. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: An. stephensi is the major malaria vector of desert irrespective of whether the area is canal irrigated or not. During summer season absence of vector species in all the villages require further studies on micro-ecology of the species under desert conditions.