全文获取类型
收费全文 | 3058篇 |
免费 | 178篇 |
国内免费 | 34篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 68篇 |
儿科学 | 146篇 |
妇产科学 | 41篇 |
基础医学 | 327篇 |
口腔科学 | 86篇 |
临床医学 | 236篇 |
内科学 | 669篇 |
皮肤病学 | 56篇 |
神经病学 | 285篇 |
特种医学 | 78篇 |
外科学 | 470篇 |
综合类 | 35篇 |
一般理论 | 4篇 |
预防医学 | 145篇 |
眼科学 | 111篇 |
药学 | 236篇 |
中国医学 | 11篇 |
肿瘤学 | 266篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 27篇 |
2022年 | 74篇 |
2021年 | 148篇 |
2020年 | 81篇 |
2019年 | 98篇 |
2018年 | 141篇 |
2017年 | 102篇 |
2016年 | 133篇 |
2015年 | 112篇 |
2014年 | 164篇 |
2013年 | 178篇 |
2012年 | 302篇 |
2011年 | 268篇 |
2010年 | 157篇 |
2009年 | 148篇 |
2008年 | 204篇 |
2007年 | 213篇 |
2006年 | 160篇 |
2005年 | 123篇 |
2004年 | 127篇 |
2003年 | 96篇 |
2002年 | 92篇 |
2001年 | 9篇 |
2000年 | 3篇 |
1999年 | 12篇 |
1998年 | 13篇 |
1997年 | 11篇 |
1996年 | 11篇 |
1995年 | 7篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 7篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 6篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 4篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 3篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1972年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有3270条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
21.
22.
23.
Valerie Hruska Nitin Shivappa James R. Hbert Alison M. Duncan Jess Haines David W. L. Ma 《Nutrients》2021,13(5)
Chronic stress is known to influence dietary choices, and stressed families often report poorer diet quality; however, little is known about how family-based stress is linked with dietary patterns that promote inflammation. This study investigated associations between family-based stress and the inflammatory potential of the diet among preschool-aged children and their parents. Parents (n = 212 mothers, n = 146 fathers) and children (n = 130 girls, n = 123 boys; aged 18 months to 5 years) from 241 families participating in the Guelph Family Health Study were included in the analyses. Parents reported levels of parenting distress, depressive symptoms, household chaos, and family functioning. The inflammatory potential of parents’ and children’s diets was quantified using the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII®), adjusted for total energy intake (i.e., the E-DIITM). E-DII scores were regressed onto family stress using generalized estimating equations to account for shared variance among family clusters. Compared to those in homes with low chaos, parents in chaotic homes had significantly more proinflammatory dietary profiles (β = 0.973; 95% CI: 0.321, 1.624, p = 0.003). Similarly, compared to those in well-functioning families, parents in dysfunctional families had significantly more proinflammatory dietary profiles (β = 0.967; 95% CI: 0.173, 1.761, p = 0.02). No significant associations were found between parents’ E-DII scores and parenting distress or depressive symptoms, nor were any associations found for children’s E-DII scores. Results were not found to differ between males and females. Parents in chaotic or dysfunctional family environments may be at increased risk of chronic disease due to proinflammatory dietary profiles. Children’s dietary inflammatory profiles were not directly associated with family stress; however, indirect connections through family food-related behaviours may exist. Future research should prioritize elucidating these mechanisms. 相似文献
24.
Matthew S. Austin Blair S. Ashley Nicholas A. Bedard Hari P. Bezwada Charles P. Hannon Yale A. Fillingham Yogesh V. Kolwadkar Harold W. Rees Matthew J. Grosso Erik N. Zeegen 《The Journal of arthroplasty》2021,36(8):2665-2673.e8
BackgroundThe prevalence of total joint arthroplasty (TJA) in the United States has drawn the attention of health care stakeholders. The payers have also used a variety of strategies to regulate the medical necessity of these procedures. The purpose of this study was to examine the level of evidence of the coverage policies being used by commercial payers in the United States.MethodsThe references of the coverage policies of four commercial insurance companies were reviewed for type of document, level of evidence, applicability to a TJA population, and success of nonoperative treatment in patients with severe degenerative joint disease.Results282 documents were reviewed. 45.8% were primary journal articles, 14.2% were level I or II, 41.2% were applicable to patients who were candidates for TJA, and 9.9% discussed the success of nonoperative treatment in patients who would be candidates for TJA.ConclusionMost of the references cited by commercial payers are of a lower level of scientific evidence and not applicable to patients considered to be candidates for TJA. This is relatively uniform across the reviewed payers. The dearth of high-quality literature cited by commercial payers reflects the lack of evidence and difficulty in conducting high level studies on the outcomes of nonoperative versus operative treatment for patients with severe, symptomatic osteoarthritis. Patients, surgeons, and payers would all benefit from such studies and we encourage professional societies to strive toward that end through multicenter collaboration. 相似文献
25.
Sandeep K. Jha Imtiakum Jamir Kshitij Sisodia Niteen Kumar Gaurav Sood Nitin Shanker Sachin Anand Gaurav Dubey Vinod Choudhary Pankaj Lohia Amit Singhal Manav Wadhawan Ajay Kumar Abhideep Chaudhary 《Transplantation proceedings》2021,53(4):1118-1125
IntroductionLiving-donor liver transplantation (LDLT) has been mostly suspended and deceased-donor living transplantation activity has been considerably reduced because of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We modified our protocols and procedures in line with COVID-19 guidelines. Since the restructuring, we have performed 20 LDLTs. Our study reports the outcomes of these cases and demonstrates the feasibility of LDLT during this pandemic.Materials and MethodsThe changes were influenced by experiences and communications from across the globe. A month-long self-imposed moratorium was spent in restructuring the program and implementing new protocols. Twenty LDLTs were performed between April 18 and September 15 using the new protocols. Our experience includes 2 simultaneous liver-kidney transplants, 1 ABO-incompatible LDLT, and 1 pediatric case (age 11 months).ResultsNineteen patients recovered and 1 patient died. We maintained our postoperative immunosuppression protocol without many changes. Major complications were observed in 30% of recipients but none of the donors. One recipient was infected with COVID-19 during the postoperative period. A donor-recipient couple contracted COVID-19 after discharge from the hospital. All patients recovered from COVID-19 and liver enzymes were unaffected.ConclusionThis study represents a microcosm of experience in LDLT during the COVID-19 era. Outcomes of LDLT are not affected by COVID-19 per se, provided that we make necessary changes. 相似文献
26.
27.
A. Suto H. Leon Bradlow George Y. C. Wong Michael P. Osborne Nitin T. Telang 《Breast cancer research and treatment》1993,27(3):193-202
Summary The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) is a metabolism-dependent procarcinogen whose tumorigenicity is modified by dietary and endocrine manipulationsin vivo. DMBA initiates molecular and cellular alterations in the mammary tissue, while dietary components and estrogens affect the post-initiational phase of tumorigenic transformation. The mechanism(s) responsible for modulation of tumorigenic transformation remain unclear. This study examines the effects of selected tumor suppressing agents and estradiol (E2) metabolites onin vitro DMBA carcinogenesis utilizing a newly established mouse mammary epithelial cell line C57/MG. Alteration in DNA repair synthesis, metabolism of E2 via the C2- and C16-hydroxylation pathways, and acquisition of anchorage-independent growth were utilized as molecular, endocrine, and cellular biomarkers to quantitate the cellular transformation by DMBA and its modulation by tumor suppressing agents and E2 metabolites. A single 24 hr exposure of 0.78 µM DMBA to C57/MG cells resulted in a 193.9% increase in DNA repair synthesis and a 73.1% decrease in C2/C16 hydroxylation of E2. The DMBA treated C57/MG cells also exhibited increased anchorage-independencein vitro prior to tumorigenesisin vivo. A simultaneous treatment of cells with DMBA and with the highest non-cytotoxic doses of the tumor suppressing agents 5 µM N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide (HPR), 50 µM indole-3-carbinol (I3C), or 1 µM tamoxifen (TAM) resulted in a 35.6% to 63.9% decrease in DNA repair synthesis, a 23.8% to 1347.6% increase in C2/C16 hydroxylation of E2, and a 53.8% to 72.4% decrease in anchorage-independent growth. The E2 metabolites at the highest non-cytotoxic doses of 0.76 µM estrone (E1), 0.69 µM 2-hydroxyestrone (2-OHE1), and 0.66 µM 2-methoxyestrone (2-MeOHE1) suppressed DMBA-induced DNA repair synthesis by 56.0% to 68.8%. These tumor suppressing agents and E2 metabolites also effectively suppressed post-initiational, anchorage-independent growth by 24.9% to 72.4%. These results indicate that DMBA induces cellular transformation in part by causing DNA damage, altering C2/C16 hydroxylation in favor of C16-hydroxylation, and inducing anchorage-independent growth prior to tumor development. Effective downregulation of these genotoxic, endocrine and proliferative end points by prototypic tumor suppressing agents and by E2 metabolites generated via the C2-hydroxylation pathway suggest that these agents may influence mammary tumorigenesis by inhibiting early occurring initiational and/or post initiational events.Abbreviations DMBA
7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene
- HPR
N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) retinamide
- I3C
indole-3-carbinol
- TAM
tamoxifen
- E2
17-estradiol
- E1
estrone
- 2-OHE1
2-hydroxyestrone
- 2-MeOHE1
2-methoxyestrone
- 16-OHE1
16-hydroxyestrone
- E3
estriol
- DME/F12
Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium
- F12
Ham's medium
- HU
hydroxyurea
- PBS
phosphate buffered saline
- NaOH
sodium hydroxide
- SDS
sodium dodecyl sulfate
- TCA
trichloroacetic acid
- [C2-3H] E2
estradiol labeled at C2 position
- [C16-3H] E2
estradiol labeled at C16 position
- ANOVA
analysis of variance 相似文献
28.
Mario Sanna Yogesh Jain Giuseppe De Donato Lorenzo RohitLauda Abdelkader Taibah 《Otology & neurotology》2004,25(5):797-804
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to review the outcome of surgical management in patients of jugular paragangliomas. STUDY DESIGN: We conducted a retrospective case review. SETTING: Tertiary care otology and skull base center. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-five patients with the diagnosis of a jugular paraganglioma (Fisch Class C and D Glomus Jugulare) were managed over a period of 15 years. All patients with adequate follow up and complete records (53 cases) were reviewed with emphasis on the results of surgical management and the factors influencing them. INTERVENTION: All 53 patients were managed with a view to surgically extirpate the tumor. The primary approach was the infratemporal fossa approach-Type A used in the majority of the patients. In eight cases, the procedure was staged owing to the presence of large intracranial extension. Three patients required additional procedures to ameliorate the after-effects of lower cranial nerve resection. RESULTS: Gross total tumor removal was achieved in 49 patients. There were five cases of recurrence. Coupled with the residual tumors in five patients, the surgical control achieved was 83%. There was no perioperative mortality. There were two cases of postoperative cerebrospinal fluid leak, both of which required surgical exploration and closure. The facial nerve was resected in seven patients. The overall preservation rate of clinically uninvolved lower cranial nerves was 75%. CONCLUSIONS: The low level of complications along with a high surgical control achieved makes surgery the primary mode of treatment in the vast majority of these tumors, regardless of the size and location. 相似文献
29.
David K Warren Anand Nitin Cheri Hill Victoria J Fraser Marin H Kollef 《Infection control and hospital epidemiology》2004,25(2):99-104
OBJECTIVE: To determine the occurrence of co-colonization or co-infection with VRE and MRSA among medical patients requiring intensive care. DESIGN: Prospective, single-center, observational study. SETTING: A 19-bed medical ICU in an urban teaching hospital. PATIENTS: Adult patients requiring at least 48 hours of intensive care and having at least one culture performed for microbiologic evaluation. RESULTS: Eight hundred seventy-eight consecutive patients were evaluated. Of these patients, 402 (45.8%) did not have microbiologic evidence of colonization or infection with either VRE or MRSA, 355 (40.4%) were colonized or infected with VRE, 38 (4.3%) were colonized or infected with MRSA, and 83 (9.5%) had co-colonization or co-infection with VRE and MRSA. Multiple logistic regression analysis demonstrated that increasing age, hospitalization during the preceding 6 months, and admission to a long-term-care facility were independently associated with colonization or infection due to VRE and co-colonization or co-infection with VRE and MRSA. The distributions of positive culture sites for VRE (stool, 86.7%; blood, 6.5%; urine, 4.8%; soft tissue or wound, 2.0%) and for MRSA (respiratory secretions, 34.1%; blood, 32.6%; urine, 17.1%; soft tissue or wound, 16.2%) were statistically different (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Co-colonization or co-infection with VRE and MRSA is common among medical patients requiring intensive care. The recent emergence of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and the presence of a patient population co-colonized or co-infected with VRE and MRSA support the need for aggressive infection control measures in the ICU. 相似文献
30.
Nitin Aggarwal Deepti Sinha 《Indian journal of otolaryngology and head and neck surgery》2006,58(1):105-106
Foreign bodies in the esophagus are commonly seen in otolaryngologic practice. We report the successful removal of a working
wrist watch dial lodged for one month in the esophagus of an adult schizophrenic patient, which is a rare incident. 相似文献