Monofilament intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion in the mouse

Abstract

The rat middle cerebral artery (MeA) occlusion model with an intraluminal filament is well characterized with a two hour period ofocclusion in widespread use. The recent availability oftransgenic animals has led to an interest in adapting the MCA model in the mouse. To date the model has not been well characterized in the mouse. We performed the present study to compare different durations of MCA occlusion and to validate new functional assessments in this model. The MCA occlusion model (5-0 filament) was used. Swiss-Webster mice, 24-44 g, were randomly assigned to four groups: one hour of occlusion; two hours of occlusion; three hours of occlusion; or permanent occlusion. At 48 hours post-ischemia, the animals were rated on three neurologic function scales, and then the brains were removed for lesion size determination. Overall, there was a significant difference in lesion volume (p < 0.001) between the groups. In the permanent group of mice, the average lesion volume was 78.41 ± 17.47mm (n = 12); two and three hours of ischemia produced 51.29 ± 29.82 mm3 (n = 11) and 54.85mm3 (n = 13), respectively, significantly different than the one hour group 14.84 ± 31.34 mm3 (n = 11). All three functional scoring systems found significant overall differences between the four groups with our detailed General and Focal scores producing mpre robust between group treatment differences and showing correlation coefficients of r = 0.766 and r = 0.788, respectively to infarct volume. The MCA filament occlusion model can be successfully adapted in the mouse with either two or three hour occlusions producing reliable infarcts. New functional scoring systems unique to the mouse appear to add additional information. [Neural Res 1997; 19: 641-648]     

Dementia paralytica (neurosyphilis): a clinical case study.

This study reminds clinicians that syphilis presents in many guises. Wars, migration and sexual promiscuity prepare the ground for its return as an important cause of neurological and psychiatric syndromes. Our patient's diagnosis was not suspected at earlier admission. Stage III spirochaetosis was improved by high dose penicillin.     

Increased levels of alveolar and airway exhaled nitric oxide in runners

Aim: The objective of this study was to apply extended NO analysis for measurements of NO dynamics in the lung, divided into alveolar and airway contribution, in amateur runners and marathoners.

Methods: The athletes participated in either a marathon or a half marathon. The athletes self-reported their age, weight, height, training distance per week, competing distance, cardio-pulmonary health, atopic status, and use of tobacco. Measurements of exhaled NO (F_ENO) with estimation of alveolar NO (C_ANO) and airway flux (J_awNO), ventilation, pulse oximetry, and peak flow were performed before, immediately after, and 1?hour after completing the race.

Results: At baseline the alveolar NO was higher in amateur runners, 2.9?±?1.1?ppb (p?=?0.041), and marathoners, 3.6?±?1.9?ppb (p?=?0.002), than in control subjects, 1.4?±?0.5?ppb. J_awNO was higher in marathoners, 0.90?±?0.02 nL?s^?1 (p?=?0.044), compared with controls, 0.36?±?0.02 nL?s^?1, whereas the increase in amateur runners, 0.56?±?0.02 nL?s^?1, did not attain statistical significance (p?=?0.165). Immediately after the race there was a decrease in F_ENO in both amateur runners and marathoners, whereas C_ANO and J_awNO were decreased in marathoners only.

Conclusion: Our results support the view that there is an adaptation of the lung to exercise. Thus strenuous exercise increased both airway and alveolar NO, and this might in turn facilitate oxygen uptake.     

Evaluation der Einführung der HIV-Präexpositionsprophylaxe als Leistung der gesetzlichen Krankenversicherung (EvE‑PrEP)

Bundesgesundheitsblatt - Gesundheitsforschung - Gesundheitsschutz - Untersucht wurden die Auswirkungen der HIV-Präexpositionsprophylaxe (PrEP) als neue Leistung der gesetzlichen...