Two-stage total knee arthroplasty for non-salvageable septic arthritis in diabetes mellitus patients

Pyogenic knee arthritis in a patient with advanced osteoarthritis is a serious medical problem. We have performed arthroscopic debridement in 136 patients with pyogenic knee arthritis from January 1999 to December 2001. Five of these patients were diabetic, they did not respond to the standard treatment protocol and they continued to have infection. For these patients, we performed open arthrotomy, with implantation of antibiotic cement as a spacer, and staged total knee arthroplasty. The clinical results were evaluated using the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) scoring system. At an average follow-up of 38 months (range: 29 to 46), the average pain score was 83 and the functional score was 73 with no patient having recurrence of the infection. This study shows that just as a 2-stage revision is now done for infected total knee arthroplasty, primary uncontrolled infected knees may be treated by a 2-stage arthroplasty as well.     

Early Anastomotic Repair in the Rat Intestine is Affected by Transient Preoperative Mesenteric Ischemia

Introduction  During bowel surgery, perioperative blood loss and hypotension can lead to transient intestinal ischemia. Recent preclinical studies reveal that the strength of intestinal anastomoses can be compromised after reperfusion. So far, this phenomenon has not been investigated in the very first days of healing when wound strength is lowest. Material and Method  Ischemia was induced in rats by clamping both the superior mesenteric artery and ileal branches for 30 min. Immediately after declamping, anastomoses were constructed in both terminal ileum and descending colon. The same was done in control groups after sham-ischemia. Anastomotic bursting pressure and breaking strength were measured immediately after operation (day 0) and after 1, 2, or 3 days. Anastomotic hydroxyproline content, gelatinase activity, and histology were analyzed. Results and Discussion  In ileal anastomoses, at day 1, both the breaking strength and bursting pressure were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in the ischemic group, while at day 2, this was the case for the bursting pressure only. In the colon, the bursting pressure in the ischemic group was lower at day 1. Anastomotic hydroxyproline content remained unchanged. Increased presence of the various gelatinase activities was found in ileum only at day 0 and in colon at days 1 and 2. Histological mucosal damage was found in ischemia–reperfusion groups. Conclusion  Transient mesenteric ischemia can negatively affect anastomotic strength during the very first days of healing, even if the tissue used for anastomotic construction looks vital.     

基于社会生态系统理论的阴茎癌患者患病体验的质性研究

目的 了解阴茎癌患者的患病体验,为制定针对性的护理干预提供借鉴。方法 以社会生态系统理论为理论框架,采用目的抽样法选取11例阴茎癌患者为访谈对象,基于现象学研究对其进行面对面半结构式访谈并收集资料,采用定向内容分析法对资料进行处理与分析。结果 共归纳出3个主题,10个亚主题,即微观系统（舒适改变、实际需求未得到满足、持续的负性情绪、就医延迟）,中观系统（经济负担沉重、角色缺失、家庭关系紧张）,宏观系统（缺乏信息支持、就医体验及诊疗水平待改善、社会压力）。结论 阴茎癌患者的社会生态系统状况存在诸多问题,医护人员应重视疾病给患者身心健康带来的改变,采取有效措施以满足患者身心健康需求,维持其社会生态系统的稳定。     

掌上无线超声引导桡动脉穿刺置管的护理配合

目的 总结掌上无线超声引导桡动脉穿刺置管的护理配合要点。 方法 对51例患者采用掌上超声定位桡动脉穿刺置管,护理配合包括患者准备、仪器及耗材等准备,Allen试验评估,穿刺中配合医生摆放穿刺体位、进行桡动脉穿刺配合,穿刺后护理及常见并发症处理等。 结果 51例均完成置管,其中一次穿刺成功44例（86.28%）,1例5次穿刺成功患者出现穿刺处血肿,其余患者未发生感染、血管痉挛、动脉血栓、神经损伤等并发症。 结论 高效、规范的护理配合可提高掌上无线超声引导桡动脉穿刺置管成功率,减少并发症。     

跌倒恐惧对老年糖尿病患者生活空间移动的影响及阈值效应研究

目的 探讨跌倒恐惧对老年糖尿病患者生活空间移动性的影响及阈值效应。方法 对435例老年糖尿病患者采用一般资料问卷、修订版跌倒效能量表(测评跌倒恐惧)、生活空间评估表进行调查,行单因素分析、分层logistic回归分析、建立平滑拟合曲线分析阈值效应,探索影响因素与影响程度。结果 患者生活空间移动得分59.13±14.14,45.7%存在生活空间移动受限。跌倒效能得分7.55±1.44。分层logistic回归分析显示,跌倒恐惧、户外环境感知、糖尿病并发症是生活空间移动受限的主要影响因素(均P<0.05)。拟合曲线及阈值效应分析显示,跌倒效能得分≤6.50时生活空间移动水平不受影响(P>0.05),跌倒效能得分>6.50分时生活空间移动水平随跌倒效能得分的增加而增加(P<0.05)。结论 老年糖尿病患者生活空间移动受限比例较高,跌倒效能处于中等水平,跌倒效能得分>6.50可作为患者具有活动自信心的节点,制定安全活动干预措施还应综合考虑环境与糖尿病并发症的影响。     

我国登革2型病毒43株基因组全长cDNA体外RNA转录物感染性的研究

目的：研究我国登革２型病毒４３株（Ｄ２－４３）基因组全长ｃＤＮＡ体外ＲＮＡ转录物的感染性,为进一步阐明登革２型病毒的致病机制及探索其新型疫苗奠定基础。方法：用ＳＰ６ＲＮＡ聚合酶系统制备Ｄ２－４３基因组全长ｃＤＮＡ的体外ＲＮＡ转录物,纯化后经电穿孔法转染Ｃ６／３６细胞,观察致细胞病变作用以判断其感染性。从病变的细胞和培养上清中提取总ＲＮＡ,通过ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ扩增及克隆测序的方法证实细胞病变确为ＲＮＡ转录物感染所致;同时收集可产生细胞病变的培养上清,再感染Ｃ６／３６细胞以进一步证实该体外ＲＮＡ转录物感染的稳定性。结果：以我国Ｄ２－４３病毒株基因组全长ｃＤＮＡ为模板制备的体外ＲＮＡ转录物可使Ｃ６／３６细胞产生病变,从病变细胞和培养上清中可扩增获得病毒特异的基因片段。在培养细胞中进行连续传代仍可产生细胞病变作用。结论：构     

Stent placement for renal arterial stenosis: where do we stand? A meta-analysis

PURPOSE: To perform a meta-analysis of renal arterial stent placement in comparison with renal percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in patients with renal arterial stenosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Studies dealing with renal arterial stent placement (14 articles; 678 patients) and renal PTA (10 articles; 644 patients) published up to August 1998 were selected. A random-effects model was used to pool the data. RESULTS: Renal arterial stent placement proved highly successful, with an initial adequate performance in 98% and major complications in 11%. The overall cure rate for hypertension was 20%, whereas hypertension was improved in 49%. Renal function improved in 30% and stabilized in 38% of patients. The restenosis rate at follow-up of 6-29 months was 17%. Stent placement had a higher technical success rate and a lower restenosis rate than did renal PTA (98% vs 77% and 17% vs 26%, respectively; P <.001). The complication rate was not different between the two treatments. The cure rate for hypertension was higher and the improvement rate for renal function was lower after stent placement than after renal PTA (20% vs 10% and 30% vs 38%, respectively; P <.001). CONCLUSION: Renal arterial stent placement is technically superior and clinically comparable to renal PTA alone.     

Resection of extrahepatic hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis can result in long-term survival

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common primary cancers in the world and the third most common cause of cancer mortality world-wide. Surgery is the gold standard in the treatment of patients with HCC. The prognosis is mainly determined by the underlying liver disease and recurrent rates. In the Western World, up to 30% of the patients with HCC have a non-cirrhotic liver. The main prognostic factor in this special group of patients are the recurrences. Most recurrences are intrahepatic; however, 30% of the recurrences are extrahepatic. The role of resection in case of intrahepatic recurrences is widely accepted, particularly in the non-cirrhotic liver. The role of resection in extrahepatic HCC recurrences is not well established and unknown among many physicians. We present two patients with HCC in a non-cirrhotic liver with extrahepatic recurrences and long-term survival after resection. The corresponding literature support an aggressive approach in case of extrahepatic HCC recurrence in selected cases: resectable metastasis, preserved liver function, absence of intracranial metastasis and control of the primary tumour. Further research is warranted because of the limited number of reports and the absence of randomized trials.     

Immediate cementless total hip arthroplasty for the treatment of active tuberculosis

We report the results of a primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) in 7 patients with advanced active tuberculous arthritis of the hip and had lost the chance of preserving the hip without replacement surgery. Tuberculosis was confirmed in all cases by the culture or histological examination. All patients were treated with primary THA followed by antituberculous medications for 1 year. Cementless stems and sockets were used in all patients. The average follow-up period was 4.8 years. The reactivation of the infection was not detected in all cases. The result was excellent in all patients according to the Harris Hip Score. Total hip arthroplasty in the tuberculous hip is a safe procedure and produces superior functional results compared with resection arthroplasty or arthrodesis. The results of primary THA in the selected patients was satisfactory as they rapidly recover from the disease.     

特发性脊柱侧凸患者脊柱畸形段凸侧及凹侧关节突松质骨三维微结构比较

目的比较青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)患者脊柱畸形顶椎区和端椎区两侧关节突松质骨的三维微结构。方法AIS患者9例,均为女性,年龄12～17岁,平均14.9岁;Cobb角48°～84°,平均56°。患者均接受后路矫形融合内固定手术,术前与患者家长签署同意书,在去皮质手术时取下顶椎区和上下端椎区两侧关节突。标本取材后用中性福尔马林固定,然后用解像度为20μm的微焦点CT扫描,三维图像重组进行骨形态计量学测量对比。结果顶椎区凸侧与凹侧相比有显著差异,分别为:骨量容积比BV/TV为0.268/0.354(P<0.05),骨小梁厚度TbTh为0.20/0.24(P<0.05),骨小梁分离度TbSP为0.66/0.56(P<0.05),骨小梁面积体积比BS/BV为12.7/10.4,P<0.05)。端椎区左右两侧关节突松质骨骨小梁无明显差异,上胸椎和胸腰椎关节突骨小梁微结构比较未见差异。结论由于脊柱侧凸凹侧承受不同应力,凹侧关节突出现更多的骨小梁,骨小梁间的连接更紧密,而且骨小梁更粗,从而可使脊椎楔形变的速度变缓,提示脊柱的骨骼本身并不是AIS脊柱侧凸畸形进展的促进因素。