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The aim of this study was to develop a prediction equation for estimating the total widths of the mandibular permanent canines and premolars (TCPW) using the total widths of the mandibular first permanent molars and incisors (TWFMI). The sample comprised 288 mandibular dental casts of orthodontic patients (106 males and 182 females, average age 13.8 and 14.4 years, respectively). A digital vernier calliper was used to measure the mesiodistal tooth widths from the mandibular right to the left first permanent molar. An independent t-test was used to determine any gender difference and a multiple linear regression equation to predict TCPW using TWFMI. A paired t-test was used to compare the actual and predicted values of the canines and premolars. The results showed a statistically significant difference (P < 0.01) between the mesiodistal tooth widths of males and females. A moderate correlation and determination coefficient between TCPW and TWFMI was found (r = 0.64 to r = 0.67 and r(2) = 0.41 to r(2) = 0.44, respectively). There was no significant difference between actual and predicted values for males and females. The regression equations proposed are a good prediction method to determine TCPW. 相似文献
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Muhammad Akram Muhammad Riaz Naveed Munir Akhtar Rasul Muhammad Daniyal Syed Muhammad Ali Shah Mohammad Ali Shariati Ghazala Shaheen Naheed Akhtar Farzana Parveen Naheed Akhter Aymen Owais Ghauri Abdul Wadood Chishti Muhammad Usman Sarwar Fahad Said Khan 《Clinical and experimental pharmacology & physiology》2020,47(7):1107-1119
The advent of antibiotics revolutionized medical care resulting in significantly reduced mortality and morbidity caused by infectious diseases. However, excessive use of antibiotics has led to the development of antibiotic resistance and indeed, the incidence of multidrug-resistant pathogens is considered as a major disadvantage in medication strategy, which has led the scholar's attention towards innovative antibiotic sources in recent years. Medicinal plants contain a variety of secondary metabolites with a wide range of therapeutic potential against the resistant microbes. Therefore, the aim of this review is to explore the antibacterial potential of traditional herbal medicine against bacterial infections. More than 200 published research articles reporting the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants against drug-resistant microbial infections were searched using different databases such as Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed and the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), etc., with various keywords like medicinal plants having antibacterial activities, antimicrobial potentials, phytotherapy of bacterial infection, etc. Articles were selected related to the efficacious herbs easily available to local populations addressing common pathogens. Various plants such as Artocarpus communis, Rheum emodi, Gentiana lutea L., Cassia fistula L., Rosemarinus officinalis, Argemone maxicana L, Hydrastis canadensis, Citrus aurantifolia, Cymbopogon citrates, Carica papaya, Euphorbia hirta, etc, were found to have significant antibacterial activities. Although herbal preparations have promising potential in the treatment of multidrug-resistant bacterial infection, still more research is required to isolate phytoconstituents, their mechanism of action as well as to find their impacts on the human body. 相似文献
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Saboor Sundas Naveed Sadiq Chaudhary Amna Mohyud Din Ullah Irfan Safdar Beenish Kaliamurthy Sivabalaji Khosa Faisal 《The Psychiatric quarterly》2022,93(2):547-558
Psychiatric Quarterly - The United States (US) has a culturally diverse population. However, the percentage of underrepresented minorities (URMs) and women in healthcare does not fully reflect... 相似文献
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It is shown here for the first time that locusts can be used as a model to study Escherichia coli K1 pathogenesis. E. coli K-12 strain HB101 has very low pathogenicity to locusts and does not invade the locust brain, whereas the injection of 2 × 106 E. coli K1 strain RS218 (O18:K1:H7) kills almost 100% of locusts within 72 h and invades the brain within 24 h of injection. Both mortality and invasion of the brain in locusts after injection of E. coli K1 require at least two of the known virulence determinants shown for mammals. Thus, deletion mutants that lack outer membrane protein A or cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 have reduced abilities to kill locusts and to invade the locust brain compared to the parent E. coli K1. Interestingly, deletion mutants lacking FimH or the NeuDB gene cluster are still able to cause high mortality. It is argued that the likely existence of additional virulence determinants can be investigated in vivo by using this insect system. 相似文献
58.
Javariya Aamir Syed Mustafa Ali Maged N. Kamel Boulos Naveed Anjum Muhammad Ishaq 《Health Policy and Technology》2018,7(1):88-97
Objective
The objective of this review is to identify enabling and inhibiting factors for mHealth adoption in low resource settings, by giving emphasis on the stakeholders representing the caregiving side. Another objective of this study is to support implementation agencies (governmental and non-governmental) in designing scalable mHealth interventions.Methods
A PEO (Population, Exposure, Outcome) approach was used to formulate the review question. A pre-defined search strategy was implemented; Google Scholar, PubMed and gray literature were searched using alternate terms for “mHealth”, “adoption” and “developing countries”. CASP [7] tools were used to assess the quality of selected evidence. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria on search results and critical appraisal of the selected evidence, twelve studies were selected for the review.Results
Adoption factors operated at the levels of organization, facility-based service provider and frontline health worker. Engagement of end users during design phase, informed clinical decision making, utilization of mHealth evidence, employers’ tolerance of some personal use of devices, automation of tasks and user-friendliness of application are key enabling factors for mHealth adoption in developing countries. On the contrary, absence of national policy on mHealth, poor knowledge base on mHealth, using two systems in parallel, duplication of efforts, poor Internet connectivity and shortage of electricity are important inhibiting factors for mHealth adoption.Conclusions
The review provides an insight about the challenges and opportunities related to mHealth adoption in developing countries. Implementation agencies should give careful consideration to these factors before designing and deploying any mHealth-enabled intervention. It is also important to understand the concept of incremental innovation so that resources spent on pilot interventions are optimized and full potential is achieved. 相似文献59.
60.
Naveed A. Khawaja Hesham Khalil Kauser Parveen Ahmad M. Alghamdi Ra’ed A. Alzahrani Sa’ad M. Alherbi 《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2014,22(6):545-549