Cerebral venous angiomas imaged by MR

The diagnostic efficacy of magnetic resonance (MR) in the evaluation of cerebral venous angioma was studied. The results of MR and computed tomography (CT) were compared in six cerebral venous angiomas in five patients. MR alone was diagnostically successful in only three of six cases. Venous angiomas appeared as tubular structures of extremely low signal intensity on MR images. Although CT was highly sensitive (100%) in detecting lesions, CT was diagnostically specific in only four of the six cases. Angiography was the only modality able to unquestionably detect all six lesions. By varying the MR pulse sequence, we greatly affected the ability of MR to demonstrate lesions. In the cases where MR helped define the abnormality, T2-weighted MR images were able to clearly demonstrate lesions in five of the six cases whereas T1-weighted images helped detect an abnormality in only two cases. Although MR shows great promise in the evaluation of central nervous system abnormalities, CT remains the best imaging modality for detecting venous angiomas. When CT is not conclusive, angiography can be performed for a definitive diagnosis.     

Decreased plasma gelsolin levels in patients with Plasmodium falciparum malaria: a consequence of hemolysis?

Mammalian plasma contains a high-affinity actin-binding protein, plasma gelsolin, that severs actin filaments. Destruction of erythrocytes could result in the release of erythrocyte cytoskeletal actin into the plasma where it could bind to gelsolin. If the clearance of actin- gelsolin complexes exceeds its synthesis, lowering of the plasma gelsolin concentration might follow. To test this hypothesis, we measured plasma gelsolin levels in patients with falciparum malaria, a disease where at least part of the hemolysis takes place in the intravascular space and that is usually not accompanied by dysfunction of other organs. Two functional gelsolin assays showed that the mean plasma gelsolin concentration of 18 Nigerian children with Plasmodium falciparum malaria was less than 50% (P less than .001) of healthy Nigerian control subjects tested at the same time. Patients with pneumonia and febrile seizures also had depressed gelsolin levels, which indicates that factors other than hemolysis can lower gelsolin concentrations. Gelsolin levels were measured in 11 patients from The Gambia with P falciparum malaria before and approximately 3 weeks after treatment. In all cases the gelsolin level increased after treatment. To confirm the hypothesis that hemolysis can result in a lowering of plasma gelsolin levels, hemolysis was induced in rabbits, either acutely (by the injection of human serum) or subacutely (by the administration of phenylhydrazine). A fall in plasma gelsolin levels was seen, the rate of fall differing with the extent of hemolysis. Affinity adsorption of plasma from animals undergoing acute hemolysis with Sepharose beads coupled to the actin-binding protein DNase I, followed by immunoblotting of adherent proteins with antiactin antiserum demonstrated the presence of actin in circulating rabbit plasma. These studies suggest that under some conditions components of the red cell cytoskeleton are exposed to plasma proteins and that accelerated clearance of actin-gelsolin complexes may explain in part the depressed plasma gelsolin levels seen in patients with falciparum malaria.