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31.
Comparative histochemistry of a flatfish fin muscle and of other vertebrate muscles used for ultrastructural studies 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Naomi Chayen Alan Freundlich John M. Squire 《Journal of muscle research and cell motility》1987,8(4):358-371
Summary Because of the high degree of filament order in the myofibrils of fish skeletal muscles, and the resulting usefulness of such preparations (particularly flatfish fin muscles) in structural studies of muscular contraction, the fibre type composition of plaice fin muscle has been determined by conventional histochemical tests. As controls, and for comparison, fibre type distributions have also been studied in several other vertebrate skeletal muscles which are widely used for ultrastructural and mechanical studies. In view of the importance of single fibres in such studies and because much of the published information on fibre types is rather difficult to collate, we summarize here the fibre compositions of several muscles; comparable enzyme tests have been carried out on cryostat sections of rabbit psoas muscle, frog sartorius and semitendinosus muscles and plaice fin muscles. On this basis all four muscles are composed of more than one fibre type. We confirm that frog sartorius muscle is mainly a random mixture of two fast fibre types and show that there is also a third group of fibres which are small, metabolically rich and dark under acid m-ATPase tests. We confirm that the semitendinosus is composed of three fibre types, in three non-exclusive, concentric regions and that rabbit psoas muscle contains a mixture of at least three fibre types.The principal new findings of this work are that plaice fin muscle can be divided into four regions, some of which are composed of more than one fibre type, on the basis of its histochemical reactions. This division into regions changes seasonally. The system of classification devised by Dubowitz & Brooke (1973) for mammalian muscle, and which can be applied approximately to frog muscle, can also be applied to the fibres of plaice fin muscle provided that the test for lactate dehydrogenase is carried out in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol. These fibres do not easily fit the division into red, white and intermediate types normally used for fish myotomal muscles.Since none of these muscles is homogeneous, their complex nature must be borne in mind if they are to be used satisfactorily in structural and mechanical studies of muscular contraction involving the use of single fibres. 相似文献
32.
Katharina Domschke Karen Sheehan Naomi Lowe Aiveen Kirley Celine Mullins Roderick O'sullivan Christine Freitag Tim Becker Judith Conroy Michael Fitzgerald Michael Gill Ziarih Hawi 《American journal of medical genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric genetics》2005,(1):110-114
Pharmacological and genetic studies suggest the importance of the dopaminergic, serotonergic, and noradrenergic systems in the pathogenesis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Monoamine oxidases A and B (MAO-A and MAO-B) degrade biogenic amines such as dopamine and serotonin and thereby control the levels of these neurotransmitters in the central nervous system. We examined four polymorphisms in the MAO-A gene (30 bp promoter VNTR, CA microsatellite in intron 2, 941G/T SNP in exon 8, and A/G SNP in intron 12) as well as two markers in the MAO-B gene (CA microsatellite in intron 2 and T/C SNP in intron 13) for association with ADHD in an Irish sample of 179 nuclear families. TDT analysis of the examined MAO-A markers revealed a significant association of the more active MAO-A 941G allele with the disorder (chi2 = 5.1, P = 0.03, OR = 1.7). In addition, haplotype analysis revealed a significantly increased transmission of a haplotype consisting of the shorter allele of the promoter VNTR (allele 1), the 6-repeat allele of the CA microsatellite and the G-allele of the 941G/T SNP (famhap global statistic 34.54, P = 0.01) to ADHD cases. No significant distortion in the number of transmitted alleles was observed between the two examined MAO-B polymorphisms and ADHD. These findings suggest the importance of the 941G/T MAO-A polymorphism in the development of ADHD at least in the Irish population. 相似文献
33.
Nishio J Iwasaki H Sakashita N Haraoka S Isayama T Naito M Miyayama H Yamashita Y Kikuchi M 《Human pathology》2003,34(3):246-252
Undifferentiated (embryonal) sarcoma of the liver (UESL) is a rare pediatric liver malignancy that is extremely uncommon in middle-aged individuals. We studied 2 cases of UESL in middle-aged adults (1 case in a 49-year-old woman and the other in a 62-year-old man) by histology, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy to clarify the cellular characteristics of this peculiar tumor. One tumor showed a mixture of spindle cells, polygonal cells, and multinucleated giant cells within a myxoid matrix and also revealed focal areas of a storiform pattern in a metastatic lesion. The other tumor was composed mainly of anaplastic large cells admixed with few fibrous or spindle-shaped components and many multinucleated giant cells. In both cases, some tumor cells contained eosinophilic hyaline globules that were diastase resistant and periodic acid-Schiff positive. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells showed positive staining for smooth muscle markers, such as desmin, alpha-smooth muscle actin, and muscle-specific actin, and also for histiocytic markers, such as alpha-1-antitrypsin, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, and CD68. Electron microscope examination revealed thin myofilaments with focal densities and intermediate filaments in the cytoplasm of tumor cells. Our studies suggest that UESL exhibits at least a partial smooth muscle phenotype in middle-aged adults, and this specific differentiation may be more common in this age group than in children. Tumor cells of UESL with smooth muscle differentiation in middle-aged adults show phenotypic diversity comparable to those of malignant fibrous histiocytoma with myofibroblastic differentiation. 相似文献
34.
Catalase, a Specific Antigen in the Feces of Human Subjects Infected with Helicobacter pylori 下载免费PDF全文
Nobuyuki Suzuki Masahiko Wakasugi Seigo Nakaya Naomi Kokubo Masami Sato Hirofumi Kajiyama Ryoki Takahashi Haruhisa Hirata Yohji Ezure Yoshihiro Fukuda Takashi Shimoyama 《Clinical and Vaccine Immunology : CVI》2002,9(4):784-788
Recently, we reported the production of three new monoclonal antibodies with high specificity for a Helicobacter pylori antigen suitable for diagnosis of H. pylori infection. The aim of the present study was to identify the antigen recognized by these monoclonal antibodies concerning both H. pylori and the feces of human subjects infected with H. pylori. The cellular antigen was purified from an H. pylori cell extract by immunoaffinity column chromatography with the monoclonal antibody as a ligand. The amino-terminal amino acid sequences (eight residues) of the purified antigen and H. pylori catalase were the same. The molecular weights of native and subunit, specific catalase activity, and UV and visible spectra of the purified antigen were in good agreement with those of H. pylori catalase. The human fecal antigens were purified from two fecal samples of two H. pylori-positive subjects by ammonium sulfate precipitation, CM-Sephadex C50 chromatography, and the same immunoaffinity chromatography used for the H. pylori cellular antigen. The fecal antigens had catalase activity. The amino-terminal amino acid sequences (five residues) of the human fecal antigen and H. pylori catalase were the same. The monoclonal antibodies reacted with the native cellular antigen, but did not react with the denatured antigen, human catalase, and bovine catalase. The results show that the target antigen of the monoclonal antibodies is native H. pylori catalase and that the monoclonal antibodies are able to specifically detect the antigen, which exists in an intact form, retaining the catalase activity in human feces. 相似文献
35.
Uchida M Taida N Kanao M Kagamihara H Kuwajima M 《Rinsho byori. The Japanese journal of clinical pathology》2004,52(7):574-579
We investigated 361 patients with monoclonal gammopathy in whom immunoelectrophoresis was performed (1,037 tests) between 1986 and 2002 at Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital. In this study, we identified 222 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Malignant transformation of MGUS to multiple myeloma occurred in 15 patients (6.8%). No significant differences were observed in the means of total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), albumin/globulin ratio (A/G ratio), IgG, IgA, or IgM level in the initial examination between the patients who remained as MGUS and patients with malignant transformation of MGUS. However, the rate of progression to malignancy was high when the levels of normal immunoglobulins other than M protein were below the normal range. Since the number of MGUS cases detected and the number of protein fractionation performed were proportionate, and MGUS was found by protein fractionation in routine tests, protein fractionation is essential for detection of MGUS, and it is necessary to add serum protein fractionation to routine initial examination. In addition, long-term follow-up of patients with monoclonal gammopathy and preparation of a database of patient information are useful for monitoring the outcome. 相似文献
36.
Tetsu Yamashiro Noboru Nakasone Naomi Higa Masaaki Iwanaga Sithat Insisiengmay Traykhouane Phounane Khampheuy Munnalath Noikaseumsy Sithivong Lay Sisavath Boonang Phanthauamath Khampheng Chomlasak Phonsamay Sisulath Praseunthong Vongsanith 《Journal of clinical microbiology》1998,36(8):2195-2199
The etiological agents of diarrhea in Vientiane, Lao People’s Democratic Republic (Lao PDR), were studied in the period from October 1996 to August 1997. A total of 880 patients with diarrhea visiting medical facilities were examined for Shigella, Salmonella, diarrheagenic Escherichia coli, Vibrio, Aeromonas, Campylobacter, and rotavirus. Shigella spp., heat-stable enterotoxin (ST)-producing E. coli, and serogroup-based enteropathogenic E. coli were found to be the main organisms causing diarrhea in Vientiane, with frequencies of 16.8% (148 of 880), 17.2% (111 of 645), and 11.0% (97 of 880), respectively. Relatively low incidences were observed in the cases of Salmonella spp., (0.6%; 5 of 880), Campylobacter spp. (4.4%; 39 of 880), and rotavirus (6.1%; 9 of 148), and no isolates of V. cholerae O1 or O139 or Aeromonas were recovered. An analysis of the incidences of enteropathogens with respect to age and seasonal variations demonstrated that the frequencies of isolation of Shigella spp. and heat-labile enterotoxin-producing E. coli were significantly higher in those aged 1 to 5 years than in those younger than 1 year of age and those older than 5 years of age (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.05, respectively) and that the frequencies of isolation of Shigella spp. and ST-producing E. coli were significantly higher in the rainy season than in the dry season (P < 0.005 and P < 0.001, respectively). Almost all strains of Shigella spp. tested were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, and erythromycin and were susceptible to cefdinir and ofloxacin. This is the first intensive and longitudinal study to define the etiologic agents of diarrheal diseases in Lao PDR. 相似文献
37.
Emiko Ono Yuji Maeda Hidenori Tanimoto Yuma Fukutomi Chiyako Oshikata Kiyoshi Sekiya Takahiro Tuburai Naomi Turikisawa Mamoru Otomo Masami Taniguchi Houta Ishii Akihiko Asahina Eishi Miyazaki Tosihide Kumamoto Kazuo Akiyama 《Arerugī》2007,56(6):587-592
BACKGROUND: Recently, it is recognized that the patients of oral allergy syndrome (OAS) to fruits are increasing. However, there are little knowledges of the background, character, and seriousness about these patients in Kanto regions. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the clinical features of OAS patients to plant origin foods in Kanto regions. METHODS: The patient, who visited Sagamihara National Hospital from 2000 to 2005 and developed some allergic symptoms to plant origin foods, were studied by a questionary survey. RESULTS: As for the 42 subjects, average age are 36 years old, male:female=8:34, merger of other allergic disease is 35 allergic rhinitis of 42 subjects (83%), 34 of asthma (81%), 14 of atopic dermatitis (33%). The causes of OAS symptoms are 32 rose-family fruits, 34 non-rose family fruits, 14 vegetables, 11 nuts, 2 grains subjects. As for the symptom, only in the oral and pharynx symptoms are found in 12, the systemic symptoms is 29, anaphylaxis is 11 subjects. Allergic rhinitis preceded on the 90% subjects with pollinosis, very high rate. On the other hand, the 20% of all subjects have no symptoms of allergic rhinitis. CONCLUSION: A nasal catarrh symptoms went ahead in most of the OAS subjects in Kanto regions. In addition, considering from some patients have no black alder pollinosis and/or are allergic to many non-rose-family fruits at high frequency, there might be a broad cross-reactivity between many pollens other than alder and plant origin foods. 相似文献
38.
Yoshinori Marunaka Yutaka Shintani Eizo Sugimoto Naomi Niisato 《Pflügers Archiv : European journal of physiology》1996,432(3):571-573
The aim of the present study was to investigate the roles of tyrosine kinase (TK) in the insulin action on cell volume in fetal rat (20-day gestational age) type II pneumocyte. Insulin (100 nmol/l) increased cell volume, and this insulin (100 nmol/l) action was completely blocked by 50 μmol/l bumetanide (BMT) and 10 μmol/l amiloride (AML). This observation indicates that 100 nmol/l insulin activates BMT-sensitive Na+/K+/2Cl? cotransporter and AML-sensitive pathways. The stimulatory action of 100 nmol/l insulin on BMT-sensitive Na+/K+/2Cl? cotransporter was completely abolished by 10 μmol/l lavendustin A (LAV-A, an inhibitor of TK), however 100 nmol/l insulin could stimulate AML-sensitive pathways even in LAV-A (10 μmol/l)-treated cells. These observations indicate that the insulin (100 nmol/l) action on the BMT-sensitive Na+/K+/2Cl? cotransporter is mediated through TK-dependent pathways, while 100 nmol/l insulin requires a TK-independent pathway to show the stimulatory action on the AML-sensitive pathways. From these observations we conclude that TK-dependent and -independent pathways are involved in the insulin (100 nmol/l) signaling in fetal rat type II pneumocyte. 相似文献
39.
40.
Kunii Y Kamada M Ohtsuki S Araki T Kataoka K Kageyama M Nakagawa N Seino Y 《Acta medica Okayama》2003,57(4):191-197
This study was designed to explore whether it was possible to evaluate the severity of VSD, PDA, and ASD by measuring brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels. We also investigated normal BNP levels in children to provide a baseline for our study. We measured BNP levels in 253 normal children, including 11 normal neonates, and in 91 VSD patients, 29 PDA patients, and 34 ASD patients. BNP levels showed no age-related differences in normal children (the mean value: 5.3 +/- 3.8 pg/ml). In the healthy neonates, BNP levels rose from 10.4 +/- 11.9 pg/ml in cord blood to 118.8 +/- 83.2 pg/ml on day 0, then fell to 15.3 +/- 7.8 pg/ml by day 7. In VSD and PDA patients, BNP levels correlated significantly with Qp/Qs, LVEDV, and peak RVP/LVP. In ASD patients, BNP levels correlated with Qp/Qs and RVEDV. Especially, in VSD patients, as an index corresponding to 1.5-2.0 of the Qp/Qs ratio, BNP levels of 20-35 pg/ml were found to be best with regard to both sensitivity and specificity. In the healthy neonates, BNP levels changed rapidly after birth. In VSD, PDA, and ASD patients, BNP levels were well-correlated with the severity of the disease. Especially, in VSD patients, it that appears BNP levels may be useful in evaluating surgical indications, with 20-35 pg/ml levels being the appropriate cut-off value. 相似文献