Insecticide resistance in Alabama and Florida mosquito strains of Aedes albopictus

The susceptibility of four strains of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) to permethrin, deltamethrin, resmethrin, chlorpyrifos, malathion, propoxur, fipronil, imidacloprid, spinosad, and Bacillus thuringiensis variety israelensis (Bti) was determined. The HAmAal and MAmAal strains were collected in 2002 and 2003, respectively, from Huntsville and Mobile, AL, and the VBFmAal and SFmAal strains were collected in 1998 from Vero Beach and southern Florida, respectively. The HAmAal strain showed a 22-fold elevated level of resistance to deltamethrin compared with the susceptible Ikaken laboratory strain, whereas the VBFmAal strain showed a six-fold lower sensitivity to deltamethrin compared with Ikaken. However, comparison of resistance ratios for deltamethrin at LC50 and LC90 (21-fold) and the gradual slopes of dose-response curves indicated that the field population of this mosquito strain was heterogenous in response to deltamethrin. All four mosquito strains showed elevated levels of resistance to chlorpyrifos, with resistance ratios from 10 to 33. Nevertheless, except for the relatively low resistance to deltamethrin and chlorpyrifos, all mosquito strains showed a similar susceptibility or lower tolerance to the remaining insecticides tested compared with the susceptible Ikaken strain, even though some, such as permethrin, resmethrin, malathion, and Bti, have been used in the field for a long time, especially in Alabama. These results indicate that the development of resistance to insecticides in Ae. albopictus is slow and conventional insecticides, such as permethrin, resmethrin, malathion, and Bti, and relatively new insecticides, such as fipronil, imidacloprid, and spinosad, may all be valuable for the management of this important mosquito.     

社区居民健康意识与健康行为的调查

目的了解社区居民的健康意识与健康行为，为教育和引导社区居民改变不良生活习惯和不利于健康的行为提供理论依据。方法采用自制健康意识与健康行为问卷，对283名社区居民进行调查。结果47．3％～64。3％居民不知道自己的血压、血脂或血糖值，32．9％居民平时不太注意自身健康．41．2％～46．2％居民未根据自己的健康状况选择有益健康的饮食与运动。结论居民的健康意识较差，健康行为有待提高，社区工作人员应帮助居民纠正不良健康意识与行为。促进其健康。     

比色法测定奥沙普嗪的含量

目的用比色法测定奥沙普嗪的含量.方法把奥沙普嗪的羧基转变为酰氯,并同羟胺结合而得一种氧肟酸,再使氧肟酸同钒在酸性介质中结合生成一种黄色的化合物.该黄色化合物在波长为387nm处有最大吸收,而样品辅料经显色反应在此无吸收,故选择387nm为测定波长.结果回收率为99.25%±0.8%,RSD<1.0%.     

“一带一路”倡议下中医药贸易在东盟现状分析及发展策略思考

“一带一路”倡议的实施,给我国中医药对外贸易合作带来发展机遇。以“东盟”“东南亚”“中医药”“中药贸易”等为主题词,检索CNKI、MEDLINE、万方等数据库和相关研究报告,分析近10年来我国与东盟各国中医药贸易的市场发展与需求情况,结合“一带一路”的政策背景,梳理东盟各国现行的中医药政策,提出进一步推动与东盟中医药贸易的发展策略。     

食管癌和贲门癌手术对呼吸功能影响的差异

目的探讨食管癌、贲门癌手术对患者呼吸功能影响程度的差异。方法 2007年1月～2008年12月食管癌、贲门癌切除成功患者138例,其中食管癌84例,贲门癌54例。术后1个月内动态监测术后肺功能及血气分析主要指标变化,对两组的检查结果进行分析。结果食管癌切除弓上吻合术较贲门癌切除弓下吻合术对患者PaO2、FEV1/FVC、RV/TLC、DLCO的负影响更为显著(P0.05),并且出现在术后30天内。结论食管癌切除弓上吻合术较贲门癌切除弓下吻合术对机体呼吸功能的影响更显著。     

正交试验优选杜仲中绿原酸的提取工艺

目的对杜仲中绿原酸的提取方法进行优选,确定最佳提取工艺。方法采用正交试验表L8(2)7安排试验。结果提取溶剂对杜仲绿原酸百分含量影响最大。结论确定杜仲中绿原酸的最佳提取工艺,即加20%甲醇超声提取,提取次数为2次,每次1 h。     

平衡计分卡、关键指标在医院绩效工资改革中的运用体会

目的探讨公立医院绩效工资分配模式。方法对某公立医院5年的绩效工资数据进行回顾性分析。结果绩效工资与床使用率及人均产值呈正相关;绩效工资在指标设置上要注意五方面的平衡。结论绩效工资分配体系是公立医院基本运行制度的重要组成部分,是当今医院管理者最为关系的课题之一。科学、合理的绩效工资分配模式的激励作用有助于医院绩效的提升。     

Morphological transformation and proliferation of rat astrocytes as induced by sulfated polysaccharides from the sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus

In this report, we demonstrate that the sulfated polysaccharide, Haishen (HS), which was isolated from the body wall of the sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus can induce morphological transformation and proliferation of astrocytes in vitro when combined with basic fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2). Cell morphology showed no change when induced by HS or FGF-2 alone. However, combinational treatment of HS and FGF-2 promoted transformation of normal astrocyte into a stella morphology (stellation), along with an increase in the expression and rearrangement of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Further analysis of HS- and FGF-2-treated cells indicated a reduced percentage of cells in the G0/G1 phase, whereas the cell proliferation index (S phase) was increased. The proportion of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cells increased in response to the combination of HS and FGF-2. With respect to cell cycle signaling, immunoblotting assay demonstrated an accumulation of Cyclin D1. These observations suggest that HS may play a role in astrocyte morphological transformation and proliferation, and this activation requires a synergism with FGF-2.     

Effect of Feining on bleomycin-induced pulmonary injuries in rats

Ethnopharmacological relevance

The flowers of Gentiana veitchiorum has been widely used in decoction form in the traditional medicine of Tibet against tussis, tracheitis, angina for their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and alexipharmic properties.

Aim of the study

The aim of current study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of Feining, a Chinese herbal formula (national invention patent: ZL200510042636.3) against pulmonary injuries and to clarify the mechanisms involved.

Materials and methods

Experimental pulmonary injuries were induced by bleomycin (BLM) in rats with or without subsequent treatment of Feining or prednisone as positive control. The pulmonary injuries were evaluated by histological analysis. Also, the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and hydroxyproline (Hyp) in the lung tissue were determined. To clarify one of the possible active principles responsible for Feining, high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS) method was applied to identify the components of Gentiana veitchiorum, one of major ingredients of Feining.

Results

Feining significantly improved lung alveolitis scores and reduced the Hyp content of lungs, which is an index of collagen accumulation. Moreover, Feining played a role against the oxidative damages by decreasing the MDA level, whereas increasing SOD and GSH activity, which correlated with oxidation resistance and scavenging of free radicals. In addition, Feining alleviated inflammatory lung injury by decreasing tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression. HPLC-DAD-MS analysis revealed that there was 1.97% gentiopicroside in Gentiana veitchiorum.

Conclusion

Feining has certain therapeutic effects against pulmonary injuries.     

Topical application of Polygonum multiflorum extract induces hair growth of resting hair follicles through upregulating Shh and β-catenin expression in C57BL/6 mice

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Polygonum multiflorum has traditionally been used for treating patients suffering from baldness and hair loss in East Asia.

Aim of the study

The present study sought to investigate the hair growth promoting activities of Polygonum multiflorum and its mechanism of action.

Materials and methods

The Polygonum multiflorum extract was topically applied to the shaved dorsal skin of telogenic C57BL6/N mice. To determine the effect of Polygonum multiflorum extract in telogen to anagen transition, the expression of β-catenin and Sonic hedgehog (Shh) was determined by immunohistochemistry analysis.

Results

Polygonum multiflorum extract promoted hair growth by inducing anagen phase in telogenic C57BL6/N mice. In Polygonum multiflorum extract treated group, we observed increase in the number and the size of hair follicles that are considered as evidence for anagen phase induction. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that earlier induction of β-catenin and Shh were observed in Polygonum multiflorum extract treated group compared to that in control group.

Conclusion

These results suggest that Polygonum multiflorum extract promotes hair growth by inducing anagen phase in resting hair follicles.