蛋白酶对降低异常精液粘稠度的实验对比研究

目的通过不同蛋白酶类对降低高粘稠度精液的粘稠度效果对比,寻找理想的降低精液粘稠度的药物。方法将高粘稠度精液标本分为两组,A组:31例采用α-糜蛋白酶降低精液粘稠度:B组:32例采用尿激酶降低精液粘稠度;两组均观察用药前后的精子活动力。采用配对t检验和单因素方差分析对所得数据作统计学处理。结果高粘稠度精液用药物(α-糜蛋白酶或者尿激酶)液化精液后,精子的活动力较用药前有明显提高(P<0．001);用药前后精液的粘稠度都存在着明显的差异,精液的粘稠度分别下降44．83％和55．45％(P<0．001);在A组和B组的对比研究中,单因素方差分析检验提示:用药后两组间粘稠度数据有显著的差异(P<0．001￡(?)。结论蛋白酶可以有效地降低异常精液粘稠度的精液,从实验结果提示尿激酶降低精液粘稠度的效果优于α-糜蛋白酶,这有助于临床开展应用性研究和治疗。     

Using rare earth element tracers and neutron activation analysis to study rill erosion process.

Spatially averaged soil erosion data provide little information on the process of rill erosion. The dynamically varied data on the temporal and spatial distributions in the rill erosion process are needed to better understand the erosion process and reveal its innate characteristics. The objectives of this study were to examine the feasibility and effectiveness of rare earth element (REE) tracers and the neutron activation analysis (NAA) method on the study of the rill erosion process and to reveal quantitatively the relationships and characteristics of temporal and spatial distributions of sediment yield in rill erosion. Four REEs were used to study the changeable process of rill erosion at 4 slope positions. Four water inflow rates were applied to a 0.3 x 5 m soil bed at 3 slopes of 10.5%, 15.8% and 21.2% in scouring experiments. All of the runoff was collected in the experiment. Each sample was air-dried and well mixed. Then 20 g of each sample was sieved through 100-mesh and about a 50 mg sample was weighed for analysis of the four elemental compositions by NAA. Results indicate that the REE tracers and NAA method can be used to not only quantitatively determine soil erosion amounts on different slope segments, but also to reveal the changeable process of rill erosion amount. All of the relative errors of the experimental results were less than 25%, which is considered satisfactory on the study of rill erosion process.     

The role of endotoxin in the pathogenesis of experimental multiple system organ failure: a preliminary report.

In this study, an animal model of multiple system organ failure (MSOF) in rabbits, engendered by feeding E. coli prior to severe hemorrhagic shock, was used for the purpose of investigating 1) the relationship between lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and MSOF, and 2) the effectiveness of Re-LPS antiserum in preventing MSOF. The results showed that endotoxemia occurred very early, and its degree correlated well with that of organ dysfunction. Re-LPS antiserum administration abated the toxic effects and lowered the incidence of MSOF. These results suggest that sequential analysis of circulating LPS levels may be useful for the early diagnosis of MSOF, and that gut-derived endotoxin might play an important role in the pathogenesis of experimental MSOF.     

外伤性股动脉栓塞继发肾功能衰竭32例的综合治疗

目的 探讨外伤性股动脉栓塞后继发急性肾功能衰竭的临床综合治疗。方法 对32例外伤性股动脉栓塞术后继发急性肾功能衰竭病例均进行急诊手术切开取栓、血管吻合术，术后均予以综合治疗。结果住院时间7天-3个月，平均41d。最终截肢6例，死亡2例，24例修复成功。结论 术前准确判断预后，正确选择手术方式、术中筋膜减张性切开、术后及时清除坏死组织、术后利尿合剂应用和及时必要的血透是影响外伤性股动脉栓塞保肢术后急性肾功能衰竭预后的重要因素。     

神经导航下经岩骨幕上下联合入路中面神经管的解剖研究

OBJECTIVE: To study the value of neuronavigation in the transpetroal approach, and to provide anatomic data for the protection of the nerves in the facial nerve canal (FNC) during surgeries. METHODS: Simulated surgery through the transpetroal approach was performed on 16 sides of 8 adult cadaver heads with the assistance by neuronavigation. The anatomy of the facial nerve and the relationship of related structures were observed and the distances from the utmost external edge of the mastoid to different segments of the FNC were measured. RESULTS: Neuronavigation was successful with all the FNC, with the mean error of less than 0.9 mm. The FNC could be divided into 3 segments, the labyrinthine, the tympanic and the mastoid segments, stretching 3.6+/-1.2 mm, 11.2+/-2.5 mm and 16.1+/-3.6 mm respectively and with diameters of 1.2+/-0.3 mm, 1.4+/-0.1 mm and 1.7+/-0.2 mm, respectively. CONCLUSION: Neuronavigation may help protect the FNC during surgical procedures, and a thorough knowledge of the anatomic features of the FNC can be significant for preservation of the facial nerves.     

北京农村居民健康状况及卫生服务需求调查

目的了解北京农村居民健康状况及卫生服务需求特点。方法从昌平区、顺义区、大兴区、房山区随机抽取25～64岁农民1605人进行统一问卷调查。结果农民高血压自报患病率为22．4％，超重和肥胖率为56．1％；现在吸烟率为34．4％，缺乏运动率为41．6％；家庭主要经济支出为学生上学(35．3％)，建房(25．4％)和疾病(21．2％)；54．9％家庭医疗费用支出占总收入的10％以上；最关心的健康问题主要是慢性疾病防治(70．2％)；最希望获得的健康知识是慢性病预防知识(72％)；希望获得健康知识的途径是广播和电视(81％)；家庭最希望获得的医疗保健服务是方便看病和获得药物(73．8％)。结论慢性病给农民带来沉重负担，并成为农民关心的主要健康问题。     

Association of the expressions of platelet-derived growth factor receptor and c-Fos with the biological characteristics of bladder cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To elucidate the relation of platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and c-Fos protein expressions with human bladder transitional epithelial cell carcinoma (BTCC). METHODS: The expressions of PDGFR and c-Fos were investigated in 11 normal bladder tissue samples, 14 adjacent non-carcinoma tissues and 43 BTCC tissues by means of SP immunohistochemical technique. RESULTS: The c-Fos expression was found in the cell nuclei and cytoplasm, and PDGFR in the nuclear membrane, cytoplasm, and cellular membrane. PDGFR and c-Fos were detected in 81.40% and 48.83% of the BTCC tissues respectively, at the rates both significantly higher than those in normal and adjacent non-carcinoma tissues (P<0.05). Correlation between the expression of c-Fos and the tumor grading was noted (P<0.05). The expressions of PDGFR and c-Fos in tumor blood vessels were significantly higher than those in normal vessels. CONCLUSIONS: The expressions of PDGFR and c-Fos might be involved in the development of BTCC, possibly related to the angiogenesis of the tumors. c-Fos expression can indicated the cell proliferative status of the BTCC.     

蘑菇状覆膜内支架的设计和在食管胃吻合口-胸腔瘘中的应用

目的 设计封堵食管胃吻合口-胸腔瘘的覆膜内支架。方法 根据食管胃吻合口区的特殊解剖结构和吻合口胸腔瘘的病变特点，设计蘑菇状覆膜内支架。透视下，5例吻合口巨大胸腔瘘患者置入6枚蘑菇状覆膜内支架。结果 蘑菇状覆膜内支架能有效封堵食管胃吻合口巨大胸腔瘘，解决了进食问题，改善了营养状况。结论 蘑菇状覆膜内支架结构设计合理，操作简单、安全，近期疗效明显，是一项值得推广的新技术。     

脑创伤致迟发性脑梗死临床分析

目的探讨脑创伤后迟发脑梗死的发生机制,临床诊断及救治措施。方法对32例经影像学证实为颅脑创伤后迟发脑梗死患者的临床资料进行回顾分析。结果出院时按GOS标准评价:恢复良好12例、中残5例、重残4例、植物生存3例,死亡8例,其中非手术治疗20例,存活14例,死亡6例,死亡率30%;手术治疗12例,存活10例,死亡2例,死亡率17%。结论及时诊断与合理有效的治疗是提高脑创伤后迟发性脑梗死的治愈率及提高患者生存质量的关键。     

应用气相色谱法鉴别海南省大劣按蚊

大劣按蚊是海南省疟疾的主要传播媒介。本文应用气相色谱法,分析海南省不同地区、不同季节大劣按蚊的皮质烃类。经统计学分析,它们的成分无显著性差异。应用聚类分析法,它们的距离系数很接近。提示海南省的大劣按蚊很可能是同一种。