股骨头缺血性坏死的病理和影像学研究进展

目的：探讨股骨头缺血坏死的病理和影像学研究进展情况。方法：阅读并分析关于股骨头缺血坏死的文献。结果：影像学检查反映疾病的病理改变，在诊断中占有重要地位。结论：磁共振成像具有很高的敏感性和准确性，不仅能发现股骨头坏死的早期病变，且能反映病变的范围和程度，对早期诊断和治疗具有积极意义。     

氟对体外培养人牙乳头间充质细胞合成I型胶原的影响

目的:明确氟对人牙乳头细胞合成 I型胶原的影响。 方法:对人牙乳头细胞进行体外培养 ,分别给予0 .0、0 .2× 10 - 6、1.0× 10 - 6、5 .0× 10 - 6、2 5 .0× 10 - 6 g/ L 氟处理 ,采用免疫细胞化学方法染色 ,图象分析氟对细胞合成 I型胶原的影响。 结果:I型胶原在对照组和 4种氟浓度处理组细胞表达均为阳性。图象分析结果表明 ,4种氟浓度对体外培养的人牙乳头细胞合成 I型胶原量与对照组相比差异无统计学意义 (P>0 .0 5 )。结论:过量氟对牙本质基质 型胶原的影响可能不是通过影响成牙本质细胞内合成实现的     

超声造影在肝癌介入治疗后疗效评价中的应用

目的:探讨实时灰阶超声造影(contrast-enhanced grey-scale ultrasonography,CE-US)在肝癌介入治疗后疗效评价中的应用价值。方法:经肘前浅静脉团注超声对比剂SonoVue,观察各时相病灶的强化特点,并与治疗前CE-US、治疗后CT、MRI图像及随访结果进行比较,综合判断介入治疗效果。结果:CE-US可以清晰地显示病灶内有无局部或整体强化,能准确评价肝癌介入治疗后疗效。结论:CE-US在评价肝癌介入疗效时具有重要的临床价值。     

应用生理性成骨力值概念治疗骨折与骨不连——兼论MO现象与有效固定

治疗骨折与术后合并的骨不连,至今仍是骨创伤领域的难题之一。研究分析当前的学术思想,探索更接近骨愈合规律的理念与技术,是必然的学术趋势。1当前骨创伤理论与技术1.1AO从20世纪50年代起,AO组织提出解剖复位与骨块间坚强固定与加压的概念。50年间,由于伴随生物材料学的发展和内固定形式的进步,业已成为治疗骨折与骨不连的主要理论与方法,并取得了瞩目的成就,但同时也发现了存在并需继续探讨的若干问题。(1)偏心类的固定模式,如加压钢板,其疗效超越一般非加压性钢板。但同时也发现:①内固定期间,骨质萎缩,骨痂纹理凌乱或难觅骨痂;②钢板…     

胃肠道间质瘤现代研究进展

摘要：胃肠道间质瘤是一组独立起源于胃肠道间质干细胞的肿瘤，由未分化或多能的梭形或上皮样细胞组成，免疫表型表达c Kit蛋白（CD117），遗传学上有c Kit基因突变。笔者分别从病名简史、组织起源、发病机制、病理特点、临床特点、生物学行为、诊断与鉴别诊断、治疗进展及预后等方面研究进展进行综述。     

闭合松解术治疗手指屈指肌腱腱鞘炎

手指屈肌腱腱鞘炎,又称扳机指或弹响指,是手指腱鞘因机械性摩擦而引起的慢性无菌性炎症改变。腱鞘增厚致使腱鞘狭窄,肌腱与腱鞘之间亦可发生粘连,肌腱发生变性、变形,致手指活动受限[1]。本病可发生于不同年龄,对患者日常生活及工作影响较大。我院从2004年以来采用闭合松解术治疗手指屈指肌腱腱鞘炎32例,效果满意,报告如下。1临床资料本组32例,男10例,女22例;年龄23~68岁,平均45岁。发生于拇指25例,食指2例,中指4例,无名指1例;病程3~24个月。主要症状体征:早期手指屈伸时疼痛,严重时不能自主屈伸,有交锁现象,被动屈伸时有摩擦感伴有弹响及疼…     

三七总甙对人增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞TGF-β1和细胞周期的作用

目的 观察三七总甙对人增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞TGF-β1和细胞周期的作用。方法体外培养人增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞，并应用三七总甙进行干预，用免疫细胞化学染色法结合图像分析观察TGF-β1的表达变化，用流式细胞仪测定细胞周期的变化。结果与对照组相比，三七总甙能够显著抑制细胞TGF-β1的表达，并使细胞停滞于S期，而G0-G1期、G2-M期细胞明显减少（P〈0．01）。结论三七总甙改变细胞周期和抑制增生性瘢痕成纤维细胞TGF-β1的表达，可能成为防治增生性瘢痕的药物。     

235例乳腺病变粗针吸微创性活检及免疫组织化学检测意义

目的评价乳腺病变粗针吸活检（CNB）方法，探讨CNB组织免疫组织化学检测的临床意义。方法对CNB后接受手术治疗的235例乳腺病变病理资料进行分析对比，对其中CNB诊断为浸润性癌后行术前化疗的87例进行p53、c-erbB-2、ER和PR免疫组织化学（SP法）检测，并与观测化疗后癌组织形态学变化结合分析。结果235例中CNB诊为乳腺癌者204例，与手术后病理良恶性符合率为100％；CNB诊为非浸润性癌中60％病例术后病理发现浸润性癌成分；CNB诊为不典型增生者中50％术后病理证实为癌；CNB组织与术后常规组织免疫组织化学表达阳性率一致，差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；有、无化疗反应的病例p53、c-erbB-2表达差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）；p53和c-erBb-2阳性病例多无明显化疗后形态学改变。结论CNB对乳腺病变是一种有效且创伤轻微的诊断方法，但它仍有一定局限性，用CNB组织做免疫组织化学检测有较为重要的临床意义。     

Interrupting reperfusion as a stroke therapy: ischemic postconditioning reduces infarct size after focal ischemia in rats.

Cerebral ischemic preconditioning protects against stroke, but is clinically feasible only when the occurrence of stroke is predictable. Reperfusion plays a critical role in cerebral injury after stroke; we tested the hypothesis that interrupting reperfusion lessens ischemic injury. We found for the first time that such postconditioning with a series of mechanical interruptions of reperfusion significantly reduces ischemic damage. Focal ischemia was generated by permanent distal middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion plus transient bilateral common carotid artery (CCA) occlusion. After 30 secs of CCA reperfusion, ischemic postconditioning was performed by occluding CCAs for 10 secs, and then allowing for another two cycles of 30 secs of reperfusion and 10 secs of CCA occlusion. Infarct size was measured 2 days later. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured in animals subjected to permanent MCA occlusion plus 15 mins of bilateral CCA occlusion, which demonstrates that postconditioning disturbed the early hyperemia immediately after reperfusion. Postconditioning dose dependently reduced infarct size in animals subjected to permanent MCA occlusion combined with 15, 30, and 60 mins of bilateral CCA occlusion, by reducing infarct size approximately 80%, 51%, and 17%, respectively. In addition, postconditioning blocked terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated uridine 5'-triphosphate-biotin nick end labeling-positive staining, a marker of apoptosis, in the penumbra 2 days after stroke. Furthermore, in situ superoxide detection using hydroethidine suggested that postconditioning attenuated superoxide products during early reperfusion after stroke. In conclusion, postconditioning reduced infarct size, most plausibly by blocking apoptosis and free radical generation. With further study it may eventually be clinically applicable for stroke treatment.     

Comparative study of renal sodium transport between ouabain-hypertensive rats and ouabain-nonhypertensive rats

Objective: To compare renal sodium transport, using fractional excretions of lithium(FELi) as a marker of proximal tubule sodium reabsorption, between hypertensive and non-hypertensive ouabain-treated rats and further to elucidate the role of ouabain in pathogenesis of hypertension. Methods: Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats weighting 180-200 g were randomly divided into normal control group and ouabain treated group. Rats were infused with 1 ml/kg·d normal saline or 27. 8μg/kg·d ouabain in-traperitoneally once a day respectively. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate and body weight were recorded weekly. Rats were sacrificed 6 weeks after treatment. Blood and 24-hour urine sample were collected to measure the serum and urinary concentration of sodium, trace lithium and creatinine. Endogenous creatinine clearance rate(Ccr), fractional excretions of sodium (FENa), fractional excretions of lithium (FELi) and fractional reabsorption of sodium in the postproximal tubules (FDRNa) were calculated. Ouabain levels of plasma and renal tissue, plasma renin activity, angiotensin I and aldosterone concentration were determined. Results: 65% of the ouabain-treated rats achieved significantly higher SBP after 4 weeks, compared with that of the saline control groups or self baseline (P<0. 01). But in the other 35% of the ouabain-treated rats, their SBP was similar with control group during the experiment (P>0. 05). The body weight, heart rate and food intake between the 3 groups were no significant differences (P> 0. 05). FELi and FDRNa were significantly lower in ouabain-hypertensive group compared with ouabain-non-hypertensive group and control group(P<0. 01 and P<0. 05). The FEu and FDRn, of ouabain-nonhyper-tensive groups were similar with control group(P>0. 05). Ccr and FENa were comparable between the 3 groups (P>0. 05). Plasma and renal tissue ouabain levels, plasma renin activity, angiotensin I and aldosterone contents in ouabain-hypertensive rats were comparable with ouabain-nonhypertensive rats. Conclusion: Increase of proximal tubule sodium reabsorption play an important role in the pathogenesis of ouabain-hypertensive rats. The change of renal sodium transport may result from regulation to renal Na+ , K + -ATPase by ouabain.