音乐疗法在围手术期护理中的应用研究

目的：探讨音乐疗法在围手术期护理中的作用。方法：选择在我院实施局麻手术患者120例，随机分为观察组和对照组，两组均进行常规护理，观察组同时在术前、术中、术后收听自己喜欢的音乐。对两组焦虑水平、术中麻醉药用量和术后疼痛程度进行比较。结果：观察组术前SAS评分和焦虑发生率均明显低于对照组（P〈0．05），而术后两组无显著性差异（P〉0．05）；观察组术中咪唑安定使用量明显少于对照组（P〈0．05），利多卡因使用量也少于对照组，但无显著性差异（P〉0．05）；观察组术后疼痛分级明显低于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论：在同手术期护理中应用音乐疗法，可以减轻患者焦虑、减少麻醉药用量，缓解疼痛，促进康复。     

岩静脉的临床应用解剖

目的：为临床脑桥小脑三角区的手术提供岩静脉的应用解剖学资料。方法：应用26例经10%甲醛充分固定并灌有乳胶的国人成人头颅湿标本,手术显微镜下解剖观察岩静脉的形态、行径及其与三叉神经的毗邻关系。结果：①岩静脉有1～3支,长度（2.9±2.0）mm,外径（2.3±1.0）mm;②岩静脉位于三叉神经根背外方者占92.5%,岩静脉与神经根的最短距离为（5.0±3.8）mm,最长距离为（7.1±4.1）mm,静脉对神经根有压迫的占15.4%;③岩静脉距横窦与乙状窦交角处的距离为（31.1±5.2）mm。结论：岩静脉解剖结构存在许多变异,与三叉神经根关系密切,变异的岩静脉可引起三叉神经痛,手术中应明确岩静脉解剖,避免并发症的发生。     

Fetal umbilical artery velocity waveforms and subsequent neonatal outcome

Summary. Flow velocity waveforms (FVWs) from the fetal umbilical artery were recorded from 2178 pregnant women over a 6-year period. All of them had an obstetric factor indicating increased risk of fetal compromise. A total of 6749 studies was recorded. The systolic diastolic (AB) ratio was measured and classified as normal (<95th centile), elevated (95–99th centile), high (>99th centile) or extreme (absent diastolic flow). The results of these studies have been related to subsequent fetal and neonatal outcome. An abnormal umbilical artery FVW was associated with shorter gestation and infants with lower birthweight, shorter length and lower ponderal index. There was a highly significant association between an abnormal FVW and the birth of an infant small for gestational age. The significance of the association increased with the increased abnormality of the umbilical artery FVW and this was independent of gestational age. Preterm infants associated with high or extreme AB ratios spent twice as long in the neonatal nursery than those with normal AB ratios. Analysis of 794 pregnancies studies serially indicated that an abnormal FVW in which the AB ratio was increasing, in contrast to a decreasing AB ratio, predicted a poor outcome for both size at birth and duration of neonatal intensive care. We conclude that in high risk pregnancy Doppler umbilical artery FVW studies predict the most compromised fetuses in terms of growth retardation and requirements for neonatal intensive care.     

双手微小切口白内障超声乳化术的临床疗效观察

目的探讨双手微小切口白内障超声乳化吸除术的临床疗效。方法将患者分为两组:对照组使用常规超声乳化吸除术,研究组使用双手微小切口白内障超声乳化吸除术,观察术中平均超声乳化能量、时间、术后视力和手术并发症,并分析对比术后第1周、第1个月及第3个月的角膜内皮计数。结果两组病例术中超声乳化能量及时间差异有显著性(P<0.05),研究组平均超声能量为11.5%,平均超声时间为(0.68±0.62)min,术后第1天、第1周及第1个月时,裸眼视力≥0.5的术眼分别占51.85%、81.48%及90.47%,术后第1个月最佳矫正视力≥0.5和0.8者占88.98%及74.07%。所有术眼术中前房稳定,无切口热损伤,术后并发症主要为后囊破裂2眼(占3.70%),轻度虹膜损伤4眼(占7.40%);术后第1周,研究组平均角膜内皮密度明显高于对照组,术后第1个月及第3个月平均角膜内皮密度差异则无显著性。结论双手微小切口白内障超声乳化吸除术是一种新型的手术方法,具有安全、有效、微创的临床特点。     

Prognostic significance of pathological and biological factors in hepatocellular carcinoma

Prognostic factors in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) conventionally consist of staging with the tumour node metastasis system and grading by tumour cellular differentiation. There are also other factors useful in prognostication but most of them are clinical. With new discoveries in the pathobiology of cancers and introduction of new medical technology, pathological and biological factors of HCC in relation to prognosis have been studied quite extensively. Morphological features of the tumour, both gross and histological, have been found to be significantly related to tumour recurrence and patient survival. Recently, applications of new antibodies and techniques have enabled studies on cellular proliferation using different antibodies such as those for proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Ki-67 protein. These studies on cellular proliferation, as well as assessment of argyrophilic nucleolar organizing regions, have been shown to provide good prognostic significance. Flow cytometric studies on DNA ploidy and studies on expression of genes including the p53 gene, hormone receptors and others show less unanimous results in their prognostic significance. The influence of gender on survival is also reviewed. In conclusion, pathological and biological factors are useful and help to guide clinicians in the management of patients and in assessment of long-term prognosis.     

Roxatidine versus ranitidine in the treatment of duodenal ulcers: A randomized double-blind controlled multicentre study in Singapore

Roxatidine acetate, a new H₂ receptor antagonist, was compared with ranitidine in the treatment of duodenal ulcers in a double-blind multicentre study. Eighty-four patients with endoscopically proven duodenal ulcer were randomized to receive 150 mg roxatidine acetate or 300 mg ranitidine at bedtime. Repeat endoscopy was performed after 4 weeks (25–33 days) and if the ulcer had not healed, another endoscopy was performed after a further 4 weeks of treatment. Using per protocol analysis 73.6% of ulcers treated with roxatidine healed at 4 weeks compared to 72.2% of ulcers treated with ranitidine (P=NS). The healing rates at 8 weeks were 92% with roxatidine and 83.3% with ranitidine (P=NS). Using equivalence tests, the healing rate of roxatidine was found to be equivalent to that of ranitidine within a 20% region. Roxatidine users took significantly less antacids than ranitidine users (P < 0.05). There were no significant adverse effects due to roxatidine or ranitidine. Roxatidine is a safe effective drug in the treatment of duodenal ulcers with a healing rate comparable to that of ranitidine.     

Low-level chronic mercury exposure in children and adolescents: Meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Mercury is a well-known neurotoxin. There are three kinds of mercury exposure: elemental mercury poisoning, inorganic mercury poisoning and organomercury poisoning. Organomercury is the most toxic. Twenty-four hour urine for mercury and blood mercury are the gold standards for diagnosis of mercury poisoning, including low-level chronic mercury exposure. Other tests for mercury level are discussed. The purpose of the present paper was to review recent data on the nature, pathophysiology, pharmacokinetics, diagnostic methods, treatment and the linkage to neurodevelopmental disabilities of mercury exposure in children. METHODS: A literature search was undertaken of MEDLINE (1980-2003), and American Academy of Pediatrics, American Medical Association, American Dental Association, World Health Organization and Center for Disease Control websites. The search string 'mercury' was used in MEDLINE and articles were selected as appropriate by two independent reviewers. All relevant information was reviewed and data were extracted by two independent reviewers. RESULTS: Based on the meta-analysis of the accuracy of hair mercury, hair mercury levels correlated with mercury level in blood (sample size weighted correlation coefficient, r w = 0.61), with 24 h urine ( r w = 0.46) and with cord blood ( r w = 0.64). However, the correlation for hair mercury level with 24 h urine level and blood level was not high enough to replace them in clinical decision-making of individual patient. Epidemiological evidence has shown that low-level mercury poisoning is not a cause of autism (relative risk = 0.49, 95%CI = 0.36-0.66). The risk of neurodevelopmental disabilities from low-level exposure to methylmercury from the regular consumption of fish is still controversial even after combining results from different epidemiological studies worldwide. There is a lack of data in the literature about the effect of chelation therapy in children with neurodevelopmental disabilities. CONCLUSION: Mercury poisoning should be diagnosed only with validated methods. There is no evidence to support the association between mercury poisoning and autism.