Assessing the delivery of neutrophils to tissues in neutropenia

Studies of neutrophil kinetics in neutropenic individuals, as well as clinical observations of variability in the occurrence of infection among patients with neutropenia, have suggested that blood neutrophil counts may not uniformly reflect the effective delivery of neutrophils to extravascular tissues where the cells perform their principal host defense functions. To evaluate this possibility we developed a sensitive, reproducible method of measuring the extravascular delivery of neutrophils to a normal mucosal site of neutrophil turnover. This method is based upon the quantification of neutrophils recoverable from saline mouth wash specimens. Twenty-five mL specimens, obtained in a controlled manner from neutropenic patients and normal subjects, were centrifuged and the sediments resuspended in 1.0 mL Hank's buffer with 2 micrograms acridine orange, incubated at 37 degrees C for 15 minutes, and then examined in a hemocytometer chamber by fluorescence microscopy. Neutrophils could be clearly distinguished by their characteristic fluorescence and were counted. With this method as few as 1,500 neutrophils were detected reliably in mouth wash specimens. Mucosal neutrophil counts varied less than 10% with repeated sampling of individual subjects over 5-day periods and were consistently greater than 1.3 X 10(5)/specimen in non-neutropenic individuals. Although profound neutropenia was generally reflected by lower than normal oral mucosal neutrophil counts, these counts were significantly higher in individuals with chronic severe neutropenia (blood neutrophils less than 300/mm3) than in patients with acute neutropenia of comparable severity that had developed following chemotherapy. Also, in individuals recovering from profound neutropenia, neutrophils usually reappeared earlier in mouth wash specimens than in blood, and oral mucosal neutrophil counts attained recovery levels more rapidly than did blood counts. This phenomenon was particularly evident in an individual with cyclic neutropenia. Moreover, mucosal neutrophils could occasionally be detected in profoundly neutropenic patients when neutrophils were not present in blood samples. These findings indicate that mucosal neutrophil counts in individuals with neutropenia provide information about the delivery of neutrophils to tissues that may not be apparent from blood neutrophil counts alone.     

激素敏感脂酶基因高度表达对泡沫细胞形成的作用

中国仓鼠卵细胞在给予β－ＶＬＤＬ后，细胞内蓄积胆固醇酯，形成泡沫样细胞。以腺病毒基因转移方法书激素敏感脂酶基因转染到中国仓鼠卵细胞中，得到了来自激素敏感脂酶的胆固醇酯水解活性高度表达，此时，β－ＶＬＤＬ导致的胆固醇酯蓄积作用被阻断，提示增加胆固醇酯水解可以防止泡沫细胞形成。     

中西医思维模式的分野及其整合路径初探

在人类的漫长历史演化过程中,中西医形成了各自独特的医学理论体系.二者存在着世界观、人体观、疾病观、诊疗标准体系等诸多方面的分野.然中西医在思维模式上虽路分两途,但道本一体,都是为了维护人类健康为最高目标,这就为二者思维模式的整合提供了现实可能.     

微种植体支抗压低上前牙治疗露龈笑

目的探讨应用微种植体支抗治疗上前牙槽骨垂直向发育过度的露龈笑患者,改善牙龈显露的程度。方法选取16例因上前牙槽骨垂直向发育过度导致露龈笑的患者,在侧切牙与尖牙间植入微种植体支抗,施加100g力压低上前牙。治疗前后分别收集头颅定位侧位片、上前牙的根尖片、牙模型、微笑时面下1/3照片及上前牙的龈沟深度;对实验结果进行统计分析。结果压低时间为(6.7±1.2)个月。(1)牙龈显露减少(2.3±0.5)mm;(2)头影测量分析显示,上中切牙阻力中心点压低(2.6±0.3)mm,覆减少(2.8±0.6)mm,切缘与腭平面的距离减少(3.1±0.7)mm,鼻唇角增加(5.4±2.9)°,P<0.05;(3)压低结束时,上前牙的临床牙冠变短,未见明显牙根吸收。结论应用微种植体支抗可以有效地压低上前牙,改善露龈笑,但牙龈的改建速度比牙齿的压低速度慢。     

重组人细胞外基质磷酸化糖蛋白对人牙髓细胞体外矿化的影响

目的:探讨细胞外基质磷酸化糖蛋白(Matrix extracellular phosphogl ycoprotein,MEPE)对人牙髓细胞(human dental pulpcells,HDPCs)在体外的矿化能力的影响,从而了解该蛋白在牙齿生长发育过程中的作用。方法:常规方法培养获得人牙髓细胞,实验组中使用的MEPEs的浓度为100μg/L。通过Vonkossa染色观察MEPE对人牙髓细胞矿化的影响。结果:MEPE蛋白能促进人牙髓细胞的矿化。结论:MEPE具有促进人牙髓细胞的矿化的能力,可能在牙齿生长发育过程中起着重要的作用。     

外周静脉置管疼痛评分与腹腔镜肾切除术患者术后疼痛程度的相关性

目的 探讨外周静脉置管疼痛评分与腹腔镜肾切除术患者术后疼痛程度的相关性。
方法 选择择期行腹腔镜肾切除手术的患者106例,男57例,女49例,年龄18～65岁,BMI 18～28 kg/m²,ASA Ⅰ或 Ⅱ级。术前采用20 G留置针于手背浅表静脉进行置管操作并记录患者对此操作的VAS评分。所有患者于全麻下手术,术后给予舒芬太尼静脉自控镇痛。记录患者术后24 h内静息时最高VAS评分和活动时最高VAS评分,术后24 h内镇痛泵有效按压次数、术后24 h内舒芬太尼的额外消耗量。
结果 外周静脉置管VAS评分与术后24 h内静息时最高VAS评分（r_s=0.64,P＜0.001）、术后24 h内活动时最高VAS评分（r_s=0.65,P＜0.001）、术后24 h内镇痛泵有效按压次数（r_s=0.59,P＜0.001）、术后24 h内舒芬太尼额外消耗量（r_s=0.58,P＜0.001）呈明显正相关。外周静脉置管VAS评分≥2.0分的患者中术后静息时出现中重度疼痛的例数为14例（33.3%）,VAS评分＜2.0分的患者中为8例（12.5%）,VAS评分≥2.0分的患者术后出现中重度疼痛的比例明显高于VAS评分＜2.0分的患者（P＜0.05）。
结论 术前外周静脉置管疼痛评分与腹腔镜肾切除术患者术后疼痛程度具有相关性,外周静脉置管VAS评分≥2.0分患者中术后24 h内静息时出现中重度疼痛比例高于VAS评分＜2.0分患者。