新城疫病毒W系疫苗抗小鼠移植瘤作用的实验研究

用新城疫病毒Ⅳ系疫苗免疫治疗小鼠腹水型肝癌移植瘤，结果：治疗组平均瘤重明显小于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）；治疗组淋巴细胞应答水平显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。表明新城疫病毒Ⅳ系疫苗具有抗移值瘤作用。     

Application of glow curve analysis methods to improve TLD-100 dose reassessment performance.

This paper presents a method of improving the TLD-100 dose reassessment performance. This method consists of applying numerical analysis techniques for evaluating the TLD-100 phototransferred thermoluminescence (PTTL) glow curve. From this analysis, a simple procedure for estimating the ultraviolet background components usually present in phototransferred thermoluminescence (TL) signals has been established. This procedure has been implemented in a computer program which performs the automatic evaluation of the glow curves and extracts the dose information contained in the PTTL curves. The use of this computer-aided evaluational method has enabled the extension of the working range of estimated absorbed dose down to 0.2-0.5 mGy with very adequate operational quality for doses even below the conventionally admitted lower reestimation limit (approximately 2 mGy). Because TL readout is a destructive process, the ability to reestimate doses can be important in any kind of dosimetric activity, such as operational dosimetry programs. The other commonly used dosimeter, film, uses a nondestructive readout and, therefore, presents some advantages over TLD when dose reassessment is necessary. With the reported improvements in the TLD-100 dose reassessment performance, the full range of absorbed doses covered by film dosimetry can now be reliably reassessed using TLD-100 dosimeters.     

高效液相色谱法测定微量耳血中头孢他定的浓度

本文介绍采取微量耳血以高效液相色谱法测定头孢他定（Ｃｅｆｔａｚｉｄｉｍｅ）的血药浓度。血样经６％高氯酸沉淀蛋白，流动相为含２５％甲醇的０．０５ｍｏｌ／Ｌ醋酸铵溶液，以冰醋酸调节ｐＨ值至４～５，检测波长为２５４ｎｍ，内标物为头孢唑啉（Ｃｅｆａｚｏｌｉｎ）。经对家兔采取微量耳血测定其血药浓度，可知头孢他定为二室模型，Ｔ＿１／２α为０．１８±０．０５ｈ，Ｔ＿１／２β为１．７５±０．０７ｈ。并对３名住院病人静脉注射１ｇ头孢他定后定时分别取微量耳血进行分析，所得结果与文献基本一致。本文方法简便、快速，结果令人满意。     

可控性丝线留置术治疗体表难治性海绵状静脉畸形的实验及临床研究

目的研究可控性丝线的致栓效果及其治疗体表难治性海绵状静脉畸形的初步疗效。方法将丝线一端留置于不同管腔大小的静脉内,另一端挂于血管壁埋于皮下,实现其可控性,用经过不同处置的丝线,分别留置于兔耳缘静脉、股静脉,观察其引起血管栓塞的效果。选择致栓效果较好的丝线组,用于临床治疗难治性体表海绵状静脉畸形的患者。结果几种经不同处置的丝线,均能不同程度地起到闭塞血管的作用,对于管腔稍大,血流较快的静脉(兔股静脉),浸泡丝裂霉素并打结的丝线组,致栓效果最好;临床初步应用证实,可控性丝线治疗体表难治性静脉畸形,安全有效。结论可控性丝线静脉内留置术,是一种安全、有效、损伤小、操作简便的治疗体表难治性海绵状静脉畸形的新方法。     

The effect of fraction time in intensity modulated radiotherapy: theoretical and experimental evaluation of an optimisation problem.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), the complexity and the number of treatment fields have expanded. This may imply that the delivery time for each fraction becomes prolonged. In a number of IMRT techniques used in the clinic, the delivery time per fraction is usually 10-15 min, sometimes more than 15 min. In studies on human skin, prolonged delivery time is shown to cause significant reduction of radiation effects compared with acute irradiation. In this paper the effect of changes in fraction delivery time was studied by in vitro irradiation of mammalian cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Chinese hamster fibroblasts (V79-379-A) were used for simulating clinical situations. Most experiments were performed with 2Gy/fraction with 4-h intervals in 40-60 replicates. Each fraction was divided into different subfractions, simulating the delivery of a complicated treatment. The effect of changing the delivery time for each fraction was studied. Parameters for the cell survival curve and repair kinetics were determined experimentally. The same methods were also used for large fraction sizes (8Gy). The validity of the most widely used models in the literature, all derived from linear-quadratic formalism, were tested against the experimental results. RESULTS: The effect of prolonging the fraction time for 2-Gy fractions was underestimated by the biological models. The experiments showed that 10-min prolonged delivery time gave a ratio between surviving fractions at 2Gy (S-ratio) of 1.054 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.030-1.080, while the models predicted 1.007 and 1.009. Extending the fraction time to 20 min gave an S-ratio of 1.063 with CI of 1.045-1.080, while the models predicted 1.012 and 1.014. For 8-Gy fractions, there was a good agreement between predications and experimental results. The ratio between surviving fractions at 8Gy is 1.370 with CI of 1.300-1.440, while the models predicated 1.37 and 1.35. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of prolonging fraction time at conventional dose/fraction is underestimated by biological models. Prolonging the fraction time will spare tissues with a fast DNA repair. There is a risk for sparing tumours. This should be considered when IMRT technique is implemented in the clinic.     

中药醇提物对血液透析效果的影响

①目的　观察中药醇提物 (HD组方 )对血液透析效果的影响。②方法　选择我院终末期肾衰竭 (ES RD)病人 6 6例 ,已行维持性血液透析治疗 1年以上 ,随机分为常规组 32例 ,中药组 34例。常规组继续进行常规血液透析 ,中药组在常规透析的基础上 ,将透析液中加入HD组方 ,疗程均为 6个月。定期观察各组病人透析前、后血清尿素氮 (BUN)、肌酐 (Cr)、平均时间尿素氮浓度 (TACurea)、蛋白分解率 (PR)及G S指数 (KT/V值 )。③结果　中药组治疗后BUN、Cr水平与常规组同期比较明显降低 ,差别具有显著性 (t=2 .5 6 1、2 .4 98,P <0 .0 5 )。中药组治疗后TACurea较治疗前明显降低 ,差别具有极显著性 (t=2 .797,P <0 .0 1 ) ;而PR、KT/V值较治疗前明显升高 ,差别具有显著性 (t=2 .36 1、2 .4 98,P <0 .0 5 )。④结论　中药HD组方在透析液中的应用可提高ESRD病人透析效果及生活质量     

Ⅰ期全身麻醉下快速牵引复位及前路减压融合治疗下颈椎脱位

目的探讨Ⅰ期全身麻醉下快速牵引复位在治疗下颈椎脱位中的作用. 方法本组135例, 男101例,女34例;平均年龄44.4岁.单纯脱位81例,脱位伴骨折54例.单侧小关节脱位56例,双侧79例.53例采用全身麻醉下冠状颅骨牵引复位,38例采用床旁牵引复位,44例未行术前牵引复位. 结果 52例全身醉麻下复位成功,1例失败,成功率98.1%;18例床旁牵引复位成功,20例失败,成功率47.4%.复位成功的70例均行颈前路间盘或椎体次全切除、植骨、前路钛板固定;未复位65例中,33例采取前后联合入路手术,17例采取后路关节突切除、复位、关节突钢板固定术,15例行颈前路间盘或椎体次全切除、植骨、前路钛板固定.所有患者均无术后神经损伤加重. 结论全身麻醉下颅骨牵引复位可以显著提高复位成功率,且脊髓损伤概率小,对手术方式有着重要影响.     

儿童和青少年股骨头剥脱性骨软骨炎7例临床治疗观察

[目的]探讨儿童和青少年股骨头剥脱性骨软骨炎临床和诊断要点。[方法]对7例患儿的临床表现、影像学特点、手术进行回顾性研究。[结果]7例经过短期的保守治疗后有6例手术切除软骨碎片和游离的变性软骨，刮除砂粒状骨质，修整缺损的基底部和边缘，平整股骨头表面。1例保守治疗3个月后失随访。6例手术病例分别随访1～4年，平均随访2年。术后3个月疼痛缓解，1年后跛行逐渐改善，无髋关节疼痛和关节交锁。X线检查股骨头缺损改善不明显，关节间歇没有变窄。[结论]儿童青少年剥脱性骨软骨炎应早期诊断，积极治疗，手术可最大限度地保持病人的正常活动。