槲寄生化学成分的研究——Ⅳ.槲寄生新甙Ⅳ的结构

前文曾报道从槲寄生中分离及确定五个新黄酮甙的结构。本文报道另一新黄酮化合物(Ⅳ)的分离和结构测定。槲寄生(Viscum coloratura(Kom)Nakai)生药的乙醇提取物,分别用石油醚、醋酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取,正丁醇萃取物经聚酰胺细粉和硅胶低压柱层析,分离得到Ⅳ。通过光谱分析和水解试验,确定Ⅳ的结构为鼠李秦素-3-0-β-D-(6″-β-羟基-β-甲基戊二酸半酯)-葡     

槲寄生化学成分的研究 Ⅶ.槲寄生新甙Ⅶ的分离和结构

自中药槲寄生中分离得到一个新的黄酮甙,经波谱测定及水解试验,确定其结构为鼠李秦素-3-O-β-D-芹糖基(1→2)-[6″-(3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酸半酯)]葡萄糖甙,命名为槲寄生新甙Ⅶ(viscumneoside Ⅶ).     

Stimulation of osteoblastic cell differentiation by Notch.

Notch is a transmembrane protein that plays a critical role in the determination of cellular differentiation pathways. Although its importance in the development of mesenchymal tissues has been suggested, its role in skeletal tissues has not been well investigated. Northern blot experiments showed the expression of Notch1 in MC3T3-E1 osteoblastic cells at early differentiation stages. When a Notch1 cytoplasmic domain (Notch-IC [NIC]) delivered by an adenovirus vector was expressed in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells, a significant increase in calcified nodule formation was observed in long-term cultures. Activation of endogenous Notch in MC3T3-E1 by coculturing them with Delta-like-1 (Dll1)-expressing myeloma cells also resulted in a stimulation of calcified nodule formation. Not only affecting nodule formation, Notch activation also had effects on osteoblastic differentiation of multipotent mesenchymal cells. Osteoblastic differentiation of C3H10T1/2 cells induced by bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) was significantly stimulated, whereas adipogenic differentiation was suppressed strongly, resulting in a dominant differentiation of osteoblastic cells. NIC expression in primary human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) also induced both spontaneous and stimulated osteoblastic cell differentiation. These observations suggest that osteoblastic cell differentiation is regulated positively by Notch and that Notch could be a unique and interesting target molecule for the treatment of osteoporosis.     

Increased trinucleotide repeat instability with advanced maternal age

Nucleotide repeat instability is associated with an increasing number of cancers and neurological disorders. The mechanisms that govern repeat instability in these biological disorders are not well understood. To examine genetic aspects of repeat instability we have introduced an expanded CAG trinucleotide repeat into transgenic mice. We have detected intergenerational CAG repeat instability in transgenic mice only when the transgene was maternally transmitted. These intergenerational instabilities increased in frequency and magnitude as the transgenic mother aged. Furthermore, triplet repeat variations were detected in unfertilized oocytes and were comparable with those in the offspring. These data show that maternal repeat instability in the transgenic mice occurs after meiotic DNA replication and prior to oocyte fertilization. Thus, these findings demonstrate that advanced maternal age is an important factor for instability of nucleotide repeats in mammalian DNA.      

Comparison of the content and subpopulations of CD3 and CD34 positive cells in bone marrow harvests and G-CSF-mobilized peripheral blood leukapheresis products from healthy adult donors

Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)-mobilized peripheral blood stem/progenitor cells (PBPC) have replaced bone marrow (BM) harvests for autologous transplantation after myeloablative therapy in cancer patients. G-CSF-mobilized PBPC from healthy donors contain one log excess of T lymphocytes representing a potential risk for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). However, recent pilot clinical studies of G-CSF-mobilized allogeneic PBPC transplantation have shown rapid haematological recovery and no severe acute GVHD except in a very few cases. Therefore, the risk of inducing severe acute GVHD is not as high as was expected during the pioneering period of allogeneic PBPC transplantation.The present study was performed to address the possible reasons for the rapid haematological recovery and the absence of severe acute GVHD observed after allogeneic PBPC transplantation by comparing the contents and subsets of CD3⁺ and CD34⁺ G-CSF-mobilized PBPC (n = 31) with those of BM (n = 26) allografts from healthy adult donors. The present results revealed that the phenotypic profiles of CD3⁺ and CD34⁺ cells differ between PBPC and BM allografts. The single PBPC leukapheresis product contained 10 times more mononuclear cells, 1.5 times more CD34⁺ cells, 5.5 times more CD3⁺ T lymphocytes, 3 times more CD19⁺ B lymphocytes and 3.8 times more CD14⁺ monocytes than the single BM harvest. Both CD34⁺CD33⁺ myeloid progenitor cells and CD34⁺HLA-DR- long-term reconstituting haemopoietic stem cells were significantly increased in the CD34⁺ G-CSF-mobilized PBPC compared with the CD34⁺ BM cells; median 73.1% and 30.4% vs 60.6% and 5.0%, respectively, P < 0.01.The percentage of CD3⁺ cells coexpressing CD4 (T helper/inducer) was similar in both PBPC and BM allografts, 47.2% and 45.6%, respectively, whereas the percentage of CD3⁺ cells coexpressing CD8 (T suppressor/cytotoxic) was significantly decreased in PBPC compared with BM; 37.0% vs 55.9%, p < 0.01.     

Studies of nitrogen balance in male highlanders in Papua New Guinea

Nitrogen metabolism in Papua New Guinea highlanders was studied by examining their nitrogen balance when they ate their usual diet (experiment 1) or an experimental diet (experiment 2). Studies were made on 39 male highlanders between October and December in 1980 and 1982. In experiment 1, the average protein and energy intakes (mean +/- SD) for three consecutive days of usual diets were 116.2 +/- 31.2 mg N/kg body weight and 46.9 +/- 8.9 kcal/kg body weight in 1980 and 143.5 +/- 54.8 mg N/kg body weight and 47.3 +/- 10.5 kcal/kg body weight in 1982, and thus the nitrogen balances were 27.7 +/- 28.3 and 18.4 +/- 24.2 mg N/kg body weight, respectively. Most dietary protein and energy was derived from sweet potatoes and other vegetable foods, but between 1980 and 1982 the diet changed slightly with increased consumption of imported foods such as rice and canned fish. In the second experiment, when 10 highlanders were given adequate protein diet (about 200 mg N/kg body weight and about 44 kcal total energy/kg body weight for 13 d, much of the dietary nitrogen was retained in their bodies (45.1 +/- 19.3 mg N/kg body weight). When another group of men were fed a sweet-potato diet (81.1 mg N/kg body weight for 8 d followed by a low protein sweet-potato diet containing only 42 mg N/kg body weight with 50 kcal/kg body weight for 14 d, nitrogen true digestibility and net protein utilization increased and their nitrogen balance showed no significant change (-11.0 +/- 5.6 mg N/kg body weight).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

An autopsy case of a syndrome with muscular atrophy,decreased subcutaneous fat,skin eruption and hyper γ-globulinemia: peculiar vascular changes and muscle fiber degeneration

Summary This is the first autopsy case report of a syndrome with autosomal recessive inheritance, muscular atrophy, contracture, skin eruption, hyper -globulinemia, decreased subcutaneous fat, mental retardation and abnormal ECG findings. Skeletal muscles showed severe, discrete, multifocal muscular fibrosis which replaced several primary fasciculi. The tongue, heart and extraocular muscles showed identical but less severe findings. In the involved muscle fasciculi, veins and venules as well as arteries and arterioles showed medial hyperplasia and luminal constriction. Degeneration of endothelial cells of arterioles and narrowing of the lumen of terminal arterioles by the debris were observed. The peripheral nerves in the muscles were relatively well preserved. The correlation and pathogenesis of these findings are discussed.Supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A) No. 60440046, from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Japan     

槲寄生化学成分的研究 Ⅶ.槲寄生新甙Ⅶ的分离和结构

自中药槲寄生中分离得到一个新的黄酮甙,经波谱测定及水解试验,确定其结构为鼠李秦素-3-O-β-D-芹糖基(1→2)-[6″-(3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酸半酯)]葡萄糖甙,命名为槲寄生新甙Ⅶ(viscumneoside Ⅶ).