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991.
In January 1991 the winter meeting of the Surgical Research Society was held at St. Bartholomew's Hospital and the Institute of Education, London. During the meeting a symposium was held entitled 'Shedding light on lasers'. Speakers addressed the general principles of lasers, laser-tissue interactions and the applications of lasers in gastro-enterology and in vascular disease. This was followed by an open discussion of the current indications, complications and outcome, together with future possible applications for lasers in medicine. 相似文献
992.
Richard Gunderman MD PhD 《Journal of evaluation in clinical practice》1998,4(4):351-357
Outcomes assessment holds great promise to improve the quality and efficiency of health care. By subjecting practices to rigorous and systematic analysis, we should be in a position to make judgments about what does and does not work in clinical practice. However, the outcomes of outcomes assessment themselves should be approached with the same critical eye. Among the many sorts of criteria by which to evaluate outcomes assessment are several key parameters: foremost among them are cognitive outcomes, ethical outcomes, and economic outcomes. Only when these outcomes are thoroughly explored and taken into account will the fullest potential of outcomes assessment be realized. 相似文献
993.
Tuovi Hakulinen RN MScN LicSN Marita Paunonen PhD & Pekka Laippala PhD 《International journal of nursing practice》1997,3(4):247-254
Hakulinen T, Paunonen M, Laippala P. International Journal of Nursing Practice 1997; 3: 247–254
Relationships between demographic variables and family dynamics of childbearing families
In this study relationships between demographic variables and family dynamics of childbearing families in Finland were studied. The sample was 160 urban families expecting their first or second child in the third trimester of pregnancy. One-hundred and eighteen families participated in the study. The Family Dynamics Questionnaire (FDQ) and the Family Dynamics Measure (FDM) were used in this study. Most expectant parents reported their family was well-functioning. Mothers of higher socioeconomic status found more flexibility in their families than mothers of lower socioeconomic status. Fathers in families expecting their first baby reported more mutuality, role reciprocity and more stability than second-time fathers. The findings contribute cues for public health nurses and midwives regarding parity, socioeconomic status and family dynamics to provide more specific family guidance during the transition to parenthood. Realistic information on the changes in family dynamics after childbirth should be given to pregnant parents. 相似文献
Relationships between demographic variables and family dynamics of childbearing families
In this study relationships between demographic variables and family dynamics of childbearing families in Finland were studied. The sample was 160 urban families expecting their first or second child in the third trimester of pregnancy. One-hundred and eighteen families participated in the study. The Family Dynamics Questionnaire (FDQ) and the Family Dynamics Measure (FDM) were used in this study. Most expectant parents reported their family was well-functioning. Mothers of higher socioeconomic status found more flexibility in their families than mothers of lower socioeconomic status. Fathers in families expecting their first baby reported more mutuality, role reciprocity and more stability than second-time fathers. The findings contribute cues for public health nurses and midwives regarding parity, socioeconomic status and family dynamics to provide more specific family guidance during the transition to parenthood. Realistic information on the changes in family dynamics after childbirth should be given to pregnant parents. 相似文献
994.
Thomas Zeiler MD Antti Taivainen MD PhD Marja Rytkönen PhD Jaakko Rautiainen MSc Henry Karjalainen PhD Rauno Mäntjärvi MD PhD Leena Tuomisto MD PhD Tuomas Virtanen MD PhD 《The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology》1997,100(6):721-727
Background: Lately, renewed interest has arisen in the new forms of allergen immunotherapy because they may offer alternatives for drug treatment. Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop a well-characterized preparation of the main respiratory cow dander allergen, Bos d 2, with attenuated allergenic activity. Methods: The immunologic characteristics of Bos d 2 preparations were studied by indirect IgE ELISA, ELISA inhibition, Western blotting, histamine release, skin prick tests, and the proliferation tests of allergen-specific T-cell clones. Results: The complete recombinant Bos d 2 was observed to bind effectively, IgE of cow-allergic patients in indirect ELISA. In other experiments, the IgE-binding capacity of recombinant Bos d 2 proved to be lower compared with native Bos d 2. When the two overlapping recombinant fragments of Bos d 2 (corresponding amino acids 1-131 and 81-172, respectively) covering the whole molecule were compared with the complete recombinant Bos d 2 with several methods, only a low level of residual reactivity was observed. For example, recombinant fragments could not bind antibody at all in ELISA inhibition tests retaining, however, some reactivity in skin prick tests. In contrast, the fragments were able to stimulate vigorously Bos d 2-specific T-cell clones. Conclusion: The approach we have taken may offer a simple and reproducible way to produce hypoallergenic preparations for immunotherapy, circumventing simultaneously some of the problems of other experimental methods such as individual T-cell epitope recognition in peptide-based immunotherapy. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997;100:721-7.) 相似文献
995.
Bernadette Dierckx de Casterlé PhD RN Agnes Roelens PhD MPH CNM † & Chris Gastmans PhD 《Journal of advanced nursing》1998,27(4):829-835
Critics of Kohlberg's moral theory today focus on the content of his theory and more specifically on its justice-orientated moral concept. This has led to the well-known 'justice-care debate'. The purpose of this article is to critically examine the validity of Kohlberg's moral theory for research in nursing ethics from a caring perspective (referring to the content) as well as from a cognitive-structural perspective (referring to the basic assumptions of the model). The analysis points to the usefulness and value of the cognitive-structural model to empirically study nurses' ethical behaviour; the content of Kohlberg's model, however, needs to be adapted by adding a caring perspective as well as some personal and situational variables. An adjusted version of Kohlberg's model is proposed and discussed. 相似文献
996.
997.
998.
Met and unmet nursing care needs in men with prostate cancer. An explorative study. Part II 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
LISELOTTE JAKOBSSON RNT INGALILL RAHM HALLBERG RNT PhD & LARS LOVÉN MD PhD 《European journal of cancer care》1997,6(2):117-123
Men with prostate cancer ( n = 11) were interviewed during an in-patient period at a urological clinic, about their experiences of met and unmet needs from health professionals. Their perception of quality of life and sense of coherence were also assessed. The findings were analysed from a phenemenological-hermeneutic perspective and interpreted within the concept of transition. It was interpreted that objective functional health needs were mostly met by health professionals and subjective existential needs were mostly not met. The analysis revealed patients as passive or active receivers of care. Passive receivers were explicitly and implicitly stating unmet needs, or explicitly stating satisfaction with nursing care at the same time as implicitly contradicting, referring to their needs as bagatelles, unimportant, whereas active receivers talked about their needs explicitly with the staff and did not state implicit unmet needs. This suggests that nurses need to be aware of and have sensitive ears to undertones in statements and actively seek for patients' needs. The most important nursing care areas seemed to be to provide solutions to physical problems together with staff support including information, and acting to increase confidence in staff and staff availability. This encourages patients, wives and families, in co-operation, towards a healthy exit of transition. 相似文献
999.
The adhesion to hydrogel contact lenses and growth of Serratia marcescens on artificial tear fluid (ATF) soaked lenses was investigated. Results indicated that a corneal ulcer isolate adhered more avidly to lenses; ATF increased adhesion for all strains tested. The contact lens induced acute red eye (CLARE) isolate adhered poorly; however; it grew to a larger extent on ATF-coated lenses. The ability of the corneal ulcer isolate to adhere to lenses may be an important factor in its pathogenicity whereas the ability of the CLARE isolate to grow on the lens in the presence of antimicrobial tear proteins may be important in the development of inflammation. 相似文献
1000.
Peter Griffiths BA RGN & Jenifer Wilson-Barnett BA MSc PhD RGN FRCN FKCL 《Journal of advanced nursing》1998,27(6):1184-1192
A literature search was conducted to identify 'nursing led in-patient units' where the nurse is the designated leader of the clinical team. The review concentrates on studies which have attempted to measure the impact of nursing-led in-patient units and reviews both the methodology and outcomes. Three major bodies of work were identified. Lydia Hall's evaluation of the Loeb Center for Nursing and Rehabilitation (USA) is reviewed in some detail. This work was the model for 'nursing beds' at the two Oxfordshire Nursing Development Units (UK) in the 1980s. Studies evaluating these centres are reviewed and reports of similar UK units discussed. A third body of work evaluates a nurse-managed critical care environment. Common features include a case mix based on nursing need with nurses having authority to admit and discharge patients. While results are generally favourable, with improved patient independence, fewer readmissions, lower mortality and cost savings reported in some or all of the studies, all studies reviewed demonstrate the difficulties of applying an experimental model to real life clinical services. Methodological limitations render firm conclusions difficult. Techniques adopted from studies in field settings, the so-called 'quasi-experiment', are advocated as a remedy, as is further study of the process of care in investigating this model of care delivery. 相似文献