Activation of phospholipase D involved in both injury and survival in A549 alveolar epithelial cells exposed to H2O2

To determine the role of the phospholipase D (PLD) pathway in injury and survival of alveolar epithelial cells, A549 cells were exposed to H₂O₂ (500 μM) which resulted in time-dependent injury and bi-phasic increase of PLD activity at 5 min and at 3 h, respectively. n-Butanol (0.5%) inhibited PLD activation, attenuated cell injury at 5 min of H₂O₂ exposure, but enhanced injury at 3 h of exposure. This activation was inhibited by treatment with catalase (500 units/ml). Exogenous phosphatidic acid mimicked the effects of PLD activation, and diphenyliodonium (NADPH oxidase inhibitor) reversed the decline in cell viability induced by H₂O₂ exposure. Propranolol (phosphatidic acid phospholydrolase inhibitor) and quinacrine (phospholipase A2 inhibitor) had weak effects on H₂O₂-induced PLD activation but reversed H₂O₂-induced injury. We speculate that PLD activation at the initiation of H₂O₂ exposure predominantly results in NAPDH oxidase activation, which mediates A549 cell injury, but turns to mediating cell survival as the H₂O₂ attack continues, which might be mainly due to the accumulation of intracellular phosphatidic acid.     

维脑路通片压片工段工艺质量回顾分析

目的：通过维脑路通片压片工段工艺质量回顾分析,保证药品质量的安全生产要求。维脑路通是芦丁经羟乙基化半合成的产物,对抗5-羟色胺、缓激肽引起的血管损伤,增加毛细血管抵抗力,能降低毛细血管的通透性和脆性,并有抑制血小板凝集、防止血栓形成的作用,降低毛细血管通透性,可防止血管通透性升高引起的水肿。对急性缺血性脑损伤有显著的保护作用。适用于脑血栓形成和脑栓塞所致的偏瘫、失语以及心肌梗死前综合征、动脉硬化等。维脑路通是临床上治疗闭塞性脑血管病的常用药物。根据2010年修订的《药品生产质量管理规范》第二百六十六条要求,企业至少应当对关键中间控制点及成品的检验结果进行回顾分析。方法：是通过联系跟踪95批次的产品,进行片重的分析。结果：是平均偏差SD=0.000467,平均数average=0.125679,相对平均偏差RSD=0.003716,RSD（％）=0.3716,RSD<3％,符合方法学要求。结论：是验证工厂使用的压片机的性能符合GMP的要求,达到了阶段性的压片工段的质量管理要求。     

针刀松解法对肩周炎模型家兔抗氧化能力的影响

目的 观察针刀松解法对不同病理分期肩周炎模型家兔抗氧化能力的影响,探讨针刀松解法对肩周炎干预作用的可能机制.方法 将48只雄性新西兰兔随机分为正常组、模型组、电针组、针刀A组(疼痛期干预)、针刀B组(僵硬期干预)、针刀C组(疼痛期及僵硬期均干预),每组8只.应用持续劳损加冰敷方法制备肩周炎家兔模型,电针组和针刀各组分别行电针和针刀治疗,于实验第33天进行实验取材,分别取血清及肱二头肌、冈上肌、冈下肌、大圆肌,检测丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)的变化.结果 针刀松解法对不同病理分期的肩周炎模型家兔血清和局部肌肉中的MDA均具有良好的调整作用,可显著降低肩周炎模型家兔血清和局部肌肉组织中异常MDA含量(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),同时对血清和肌肉组织中的SOD和T-AOC也有较好的调整作用.结论 针刀松解法可对肩周炎模型家兔血清和局部肌肉组织中的氧自由基代谢发挥良性调节作用,针刀松解法对不同病理分期的肩周炎模型家兔抗氧化能力的影响,可能是其发挥治疗作用的重要环节之一.     

调神止痛法针刺治疗枕神经痛疗效观察

目的观察调神止痛法针刺治疗枕神经痛的疗效。方法以调神止痛法针刺治疗枕神经痛30例,并与常规针刺法治疗30例进行对照,观察两组疗效及对疼痛指数的影响。结果与结论观察组总有效率为93.3%,对照组为76.7%,观察组疗效明显高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组止痛效果优于对照组(P<0.05)。     

解郁透达化气法治疗肝郁血结型失眠症105例临床分析

目的探讨解郁透达化气法治疗肝郁血结所致失眠的临床疗效。方法对105例患者采用解郁透达化气法辨证论治,经2至4周治疗后观察临床疗效。结果105例患者中治愈11例,好转84例,未愈7例,总有效率达90.48%。结论解郁透达化气法治疗肝郁血结的失眠疗效良好。     

美国FDA关于抗菌药物临床前研究的考虑

本文介绍了美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)对抗菌药物临床前研究的相关考虑,以期对国内新抗菌药物临床前研究和临床研究提供参考.     

脂多糖对大鼠中性粒细胞基质金属蛋白酶-8 mRNA表达的影响

目的:观察脂多糖(LPS)对体外培养大鼠中性粒细胞表达MMP-8 mRNA的影响.方法:抽取大鼠外周血,分离培养中性粒细胞,随机分为5组,前4组(实验组)加入1 mg/L LPS分别孵育30 min、60 min、90 min和120 min,第5组加入等体积1 mg/L PBS作为对照组,采用RT-PCR法检测MMP-8 mRNA的表达.结果:对照组中MMP-8 mRNA的表达水平较低,LPS刺激后各组表达均升高(P<0.05或0.01),90 min组MMP-8 mRNA的表达水平最高.结论:LPS可以刺激大鼠中性粒细胞表达MMP-8 mRNA.     

A new isoquinolinone derivative with noble vasorelaxation activity

The pharmacological effects of BDPBI (7-bromo-1,4-dihydro-2-phenyl-4,4-bis(4-pyridinylmethyl)2H-isoquinolin-3-one dihydrochloride) were tested on isolated endothelium-containing or denuded aorta of the guinea pig. BDPBI with the formula C(27)H(24)BrCl(2)N(3)O was synthesized starting with 3-isochromanone. In the endothelium-containing preparations of the aortic rings, phenylephrine (PHE; 10 micromol/l) elicited contracture and acetylcholine (ACh; 10 micromol/l) or BDPBI (0.01-10 micromol/l) elicited relaxation effects on the PHE-precontracted preparations. The BDPBI-elicited effect on the PHE-precontracted aortic rings was not altered in the presence of adrenergic blockers (propranolol or yohimbine; 1 micromol/l) or pretreated preparations with aspirin, indomethacin (10 micromol/l) or L-NAME (1 mmol/l). However, the relaxation effects of BDPBI were blocked if the preparations were pretreated with diphenhydramine (10 micromol/l) or chloropheniramine maleate (10 micromol/l). In contrast to lower concentrations of atropine (1 micromol/l), higher concentrations of atropine (30 micromol/l) did block the effects of BDPBI on the PHE-precontracted aortic rings. HTMT dimaleate (0.01-10 micromol/l), a histamine H(1) receptor agonist, also elicited relaxation effects on the PHE-precontracted preparation, and the effects were blocked if the preparations were pretreated with diphenhydramine or chloropheniramine maleate. On isolated denuded aorta of the guinea pig, BDPBI did not elicit relaxation effects on the PHE-precontracted aortic rings. These results demonstrated that the vasorelaxation effect of BDPBI on PHE-precontracted aortic rings is partly dependent on the activation of a histaminergic receptor from the vascular endothelium. We suggested that BDPBI would be an effective vasorelaxant for cardiovascular systems.     

听力学和教育

1前言 2011年,美国听力学学会在全球主要国家和地区开展了一次关于听力学服务和教育的调查[1],13个参与国家代表了全球不同经济发达水平和医疗健康服务模式的主要区域,如听力学发达的加拿大、英国和澳大利亚,听力学尚在起步阶段的尼日利亚、博茨瓦纳和印度等国家。中国没有参加此次调查。虽然这些国家在听力学发展方面相当不平衡,具体实践也各有不同,但该调查得出的5项共识却具有典型的代表意义,譬如加强对于听力损失的认识和宣传,提高听力学作为一门特殊专业的地位等,其中尤其强调提高听力学教育标准和服务质量,并倡导在全球范围内尽快改善听力学教育水平,从而提供高质量的听力学服务。