腋神经和桡神经与肱骨的关系及其临床意义

目的　观测腋神经、桡神经与肱骨骨性标志的关系 ,为肱骨手术或外固定提供帮助。方法　在 30例 6 0侧成人上肢标本上观、测了腋神经、桡神经与肱骨有关骨性标志的距离。结果　肱骨最大长 (30 6 6 5± 17 4 8)mm ;肱骨最近端到腋神经(5 8 10± 5 6 1)mm ;肱骨最近端到桡神经穿外侧肌间隔处 (177 75± 11 86 )mm ;解剖颈最低点到腋神经 (16 2 4± 2 78)mm ;肱骨最近端到肱骨肌管入口处 (118 4 9± 6 6 1)mm ;并测量计算了各段占肱骨最大长的比例。结论　腋神经在肱骨近端 1/ 5处容易受损 ,而桡神经在肱骨下 3/ 5段为易损伤部。从术前和术中的影像 ,能测量和计算出神经的基本位置 ,可减少或避免神经损伤     

A role for hyaluronan in macrophage accumulation and collagen deposition after bleomycin-induced lung injury

Elevated concentrations of hyaluronan (HA) are associated with the accumulation of macrophages in the lung after injury. We have investigated the role of HA in the inflammatory and fibrotic responses to lung injury using the intratracheal instillation of bleomycin in rats as a model. After bleomycin-induced lung injury, both HA content in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and staining for HA in macrophages accumulating in injured areas of the lung were maximal at 4 d. Increased HA in BAL correlated with increased locomotion of isolated alveolar macrophages. HA-binding peptide was able to specifically block macrophage motility in vitro. Importantly, systemic administration of HA-binding peptide to rats before injury not only decreased alveolar macrophage motility and accumulation in the lung, but also reduced lung collagen alpha (I) messenger RNA and hydroxyproline contents. We propose a model in which HA plays a critical role in the inflammatory response and fibrotic consequences of acute lung injury.     

Implementation and evaluation of a multifunctional telemedicine system in NTUH

In this article, we proposed a multifunctional telemedicine system supporting both telediagnosis and teleconsultation services. We attempted not only to insure that the implementation of this system satisfied most requirements, but also to evaluate the impact of the system. With regard to system architecture, we designed a unified multimedia database to store all types of data and used two kinds of network (ATM and ISDN) for different possible applications. As for data transmission, the REFRESH and PREFETCH mechanisms were implemented to enhance data transfer efficiency. A total of 1107 consultations employing the telemedicine system were performed during the past 3 years. This technology was used most frequently for radiology consultation (32.7%, n = 362) and ultrasonic examination (19.5%, n = 216). An evaluation of the impact on diagnosis (507 valid cases) indicated that the diagnosis in 80 cases (15.78%) were altered on the basis of second opinions from a medical center; and the number of patients transferred to the medical center was reduced from 24 (4.7%) to eight cases. Most of the rural-site physicians (97%) thought that they did benefit from specialists' experience and knowledge via the telemedicine system. Based on 431 valid questionnaires, the number of the patients with confidence in the telemedicine system at their local healthcare center increased from 72.6% to 87.5%. Overall, more than 90% of patients and physicians believed that the system was valuable and provided satisfactory services.     

No evidence of PEG1/MEST gene mutations in Silver‐Russell syndrome patients

Silver‐Russell syndrome (SRS) is characterized by prenatal and postnatal growth retardation with morphologic anomalies. Maternal uniparental disomy 7 has been reported in some SRS patients. PEG1/MEST is an imprinted gene on chromosome 7q32 that is expressed only from the paternal allele and is a candidate gene for SRS. To clarify its biological function and role in SRS, we screened PEG1/MEST abnormalities in 15 SRS patients from various standpoints. In the lymphocytes of SRS patients, no aberrant expression patterns of two splice variants (α and β) of PEG1/MEST were detected when they were compared with normal samples. Direct sequence analysis failed to detect any mutations in the PEG1/MEST α coding region, and there were no significant mutations in the 5′‐flanking upstream region containing the predicted promoter and the highly conserved human/mouse genomic region. Differential methylation patterns of the CpG island for PEG1/MEST α were normally maintained and resulted in the same pattern as in the normal control, suggesting that there was no loss of imprinting. These findings suggest that PEG1/MEST can be excluded as a major determinant of SRS. © 2001 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

抗α-玉米赤霉醇单克隆抗体的研制及初步应用

目的:制备抗α-玉米赤霉醇(α-ZER)的单克隆抗体(mAb),建立对动物源性食品中残留α-ZER及其同系物的检测方法。方法:结合O-羧甲基羟胺法和EDC法制备α-ZER-BSA偶联物,免疫BALB/c小鼠,采用杂交瘤技术制备mAb。用夹心ELISA测定mAbIg亚类;按Beatty法计算亲和常数;间接ELISA法测定效价;用直接竞争ELISA检测mAb与α-ZER的同系物、己烯雌酚、19-去甲睾酮、链霉素及氯霉素等的交叉反应;绘制α-ZER标准品竞争抑制曲线,检定抗体的灵敏度。用该抗体建立的直接竞争ELISA对37份动物肝组织样品进行检测,并与HPLC检测结果比较。结果:紫外线扫描证明,α-ZER-BSA偶联成功。实验获得8株可稳定分泌抗α-ZERmAb杂交瘤细胞株,其中1株(4E5)分泌的mAb效价较高,为5.142×107,其Ig亚型为IgG1。该mAb能特异识别α-ZER及其同系物,而与其它常用兽药无交叉反应。建立了α-ZER直接竞争ELISA,从HPLC确认为阴性的37份样品中,筛出8份阳性样品。结论:利用mAb建立的直接竞争ELISA检测方法,适合动物源性食品中残留α-ZER及其同系物的快速筛选。     

Holoprosencephaly: from Homer to Hedgehog

Holoprosencephaly (HPE), a common developmental defect affecting the forebrain and face, is etiologically heterogeneous and exhibits wide phenotypic variation. Graded degrees of severity of the brain malformation are also reflected in the highly variable craniofacial malformations associated with HPE. In addition, individuals with microforms of HPE, who usually have normal cognition and normal brain imaging, are at risk for having children with HPE. Some obligate carriers for HPE may not have any phenotypic abnormalities. Recurrent chromosomal rearrangements in individuals with HPE suggest loci containing genes important for brain development, and abnormalities in these genes may result in HPE. Recently, Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) was the first gene identified as causing HPE in humans. Proper function of SHH depends on cholesterol modification. Other candidate genes that may be involved in HPE include components of the SHH pathway, elements involved in cholesterol metabolism, and genes expressed in the developing forebrain.     

人白细胞介素13cDNA的克隆及序列测定

用反转录－多聚酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）技术从中国人外周血淋巴细胞中克隆了ＩＬ－１３ｃＤＮＡ，序列测定表明克隆的ＩＬ－１３ｃＤＮＡ含成熟的ＩＬ－１３蛋白全部编码，且存在编码第９８位Ｇｌｎ的密码子ＣＡＧ，这为进一步表达ＩＬ－１３并深入探究功能奠定了基础。     

线粒体凋亡途径参与表皮膜蛋白1诱导的细胞调亡

目的:探讨人表皮膜蛋白1(hEMP1)诱导细胞凋亡的信号途径.方法:构建包含hEMP1基因编码框的真核表达载体pcDNA3.1( )-EMP1,瞬转HEK293细胞后荧光倒置相差显微镜、流式细胞术检测Caspase-3、Caspase-8、Caspase-9的活力以及线粒体膜电位的变化.结果:荧光倒置相差显微镜、流式细胞术结果显示,过表达EMP1后细胞Caspase-3、Caspasc-9活力显著增强.线粒体膜电位改变增多,而Caspase-8的活力变化不明显.结论:线粒体凋亡途径参与hEMP1诱导的细胞凋亡.     

Marfan syndrome: Evolving organ manifestations—A 10‐year follow‐up study

The age‐dependent penetrance of organ manifestations in Marfan syndrome (MFS) is not known. The aims of this follow‐up study were to explore how clinical features change over a 10‐year period in the same Norwegian MFS cohort. In 2003–2004, we investigated 105 adults for all manifestations in the 1996 Ghent nosology. Ten years later, we performed follow‐up investigations of the survivors (n = 48) who consented. Forty‐six fulfilled the revised Ghent criteria. Median age: females 51 years, range 32–80 years; males 45 years, range 30–67 years. New aortic root dilatation was detected in patients up to 70 years. Ascending aortic pathology was diagnosed in 93 versus 72% at baseline. Sixty‐five percent had undergone aortic surgery compared to 39% at baseline. Pulmonary trunk mean diameter had increased significantly compared to baseline. From inclusion to follow‐up, two patients (three eyes) developed ectopia lentis, four developed dural ectasia, four developed scoliosis, three developed incisional or recurrent herniae, and 14 developed hindfoot deformity. No changes were found regarding protrusio acetabuli, spontaneous pneumothorax, or striae atrophicae. The study confirms that knowledge of incidence and progression of organ manifestations throughout life is important for diagnosis, treatment, and follow‐up of patients with verified or suspected MFS.