小鼠四诊采集项目标准的建议

辨证论治机理实验研究主要采用的是小鼠.通过我们长期的研究和观察,初步建立了小鼠四诊采集项目标准.该标准主要有四部分内容:(1)类似于问诊采集的内容,包括一般情况、始病和治疗经过、饮食情况、脏腑病位;(2)闻诊采集的内容;(3)望诊采集的内容,包括自然望诊、胖瘦、小鼠旷场自主活动计数、爪和尾显微拍照后计算机图像处理等内容,涉及类似望形体状况、望形体虚实、望形体神、望形体寒热、望运动步态、望精力、望毛色虚实、望呼吸状况、望眼神、望耳、望鼻、望唇、望腹、望二阴、望大便、望小便、望爪、望尾、望睡眠、爪和尾显微观察等;(4)切诊采集的内容,包括体温、肿块检测、脉的至数与节律、肤之温凉、肌力等.同时,还对是否可以实现小鼠的四诊以及如何开展四诊进行了理论分析.     

Immunohistochemical localization of phospholipase D1 in rat central nervous system

Phospholipase D (PLD) is one of the intracellular signal transduction enzymes and plays an important role in a variety of cellular functions. We investigated the distribution of PLD isozyme, PLD1 in the rat brain and spinal cord using an immunological approach. Western blot analysis showed the presence of PLD1 protein in all tissues studied, with significantly higher levels in the brainstem and spinal cord, which was correlated with the results obtained from PLD activity assay. Prominent and specific signals of PLD1 were observed in many functionally diverse brain areas, including the olfactory bulb, medial septum-diagonal band complex, cerebral cortex, brainstem, cerebellum, and spinal cord. In the brainstem, the red nucleus, substantia nigra, interpeduncular nucleus, cranial motor nuclei (trigeminal motor, abducent, facial, and hypoglossal), sensory cranial nerve nuclei (spinal trigeminal, vestibular, and cochlear), as well as nuclei of the reticular formation, all showed intense immunoreactivity. Purkinje cells and deep cerebellar nuclei of the cerebellum were also labeled intensely. However, no significant labeling was found in the thalamus, epithalamus, and basal ganglia. Although many of the PLD1 immunoreactive cells were neurons, PLD1 was also expressed in glial cells such as presumed astrocytes and tanycytes. These findings suggest that PLD1 may play an important role in the central nervous system of the adult rat.     

微流芯片检测流感病毒多重逆转录聚合酶链反应产物的实验研究

[目的 ]　建立应用微流芯片检测甲 1型、甲 3型、乙型流感病毒多重逆转录聚合酶链反应 (mRT -PCR)产物的方法 ,在mRT -PCR扩增核酸的基础上自动化灵敏的定量检测扩增产物 ,快速检测甲亚型、乙型流感病毒 ,帮助临床快速诊断和鉴别诊断其他呼吸道病毒感染 ,以及明确流感病毒在人群中感染、流行情况。　 [方法 ]　采用经MDCK细胞分离培养的甲 1型、甲 3型、乙型流感病毒毒株病毒液 ,使用 3组特异引物经mRT -PCR扩增核酸 ,扩增产物分别采用毛细管电泳技术经Caliper10 0 0微流芯片分析仪自动化检测和经 2 %琼脂糖凝胶电泳法检测。　[结果 ]　设计三组引物对相应甲 1型、甲 3型、乙型流感病毒靶基因的mRT -PCR扩增产物片段分别为 43 0bp、2 10bp、3 91bp ,本实验mRT -PCR扩增产物经 2 %琼脂糖凝胶电泳 ,与Marker比照 ,DNA条带基本在此位点附近 ;产物采用毛细管电泳法经Caliper10 0 0微流芯片分析仪后 ,分别于 413bp、2 0 3bp、3 79bp处出现陡峭的峰 ,如图所示。　[结论 ]　应用微流芯片采用毛细管电泳法可对流感病毒mRT -PCR产物进行定位及相对定量 ,有助于快速诊断流感病毒感染 ,有助于对流感的监测。     

英汉语言中的语义模糊初探

该文拟从英汉语义的模糊性与歧义性的比较和英汉语义模糊性对照两方面初步探讨语义模糊理论,明确语义模糊性不同于语义的歧义性,且在英汉两种语言中,语义模糊性既存在对应关系,又有所不同,以进一步研究模糊语言学.     

私立学校初一新生焦虑和抑郁状况

目的探讨私立学校初中新生的情绪状况及性别差异,为开展心理健康教育提供依据.方法采用Zung氏焦虑自评量表(SAS)和抑郁自评量表(SDS),对青岛市某私立学校初一新生228人进行整群抽样测查,匹配市区公立学校初一新生239人作同期对照,并做统计分析.结果观察组有15.79%处于焦虑状态(女生检出率较高),高于对照组(9.21%),差异有显著性(χ2=4.65,P＜0.05);观察组SAS均分高于对照组及常模,其中独生子女SAS均分高于对照组(P＜0.05).观察组中23.25%处于抑郁状态(男生检出率高),明显低于对照组(32.22%)(χ2=4.67,P＜0.05),但SDS均分不低于对照组.焦虑和抑郁同时存在率也以观察组较高(12.28%),与对照组差异有显著性(χ2=4.27,P＜0.05).结论私立学校初一新生存在以女生为主的较高焦虑检出率、以独生子女为主的较高焦虑水平以及以男生为主的抑郁检出率和较高抑郁水平,社会、学校和家庭要根据中学生的年龄和性别特点开展心理健康教育工作.     

Effect of chronic alcohol consumption on plasma lipid, vitamins A, and E in Korean alcoholics

This human study was conducted to evaluate the effect of chronic alcohol consumption on plasma concentrations of lipid and the antioxidative system in 44 Korean alcoholics and 45 age-, sex-, and nationality-matched nonalcoholic subjects. Plasma triacylglycerols and atherogenic index were higher in alcoholics than in control subjects. Plasma total cholesterol was not different among groups, but plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was lower in alcoholics. There were positive correlations between ethanol consumption and plasma lipid peroxide and atherogenic index in all subjects; there were negative correlations between ethanol consumption and plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in all subjects. There were no significant differences between alcoholics and control subjects in plasma concentrations of α-tocopherol, although plasma α-tocopherol/lipid tended to be lower in alcoholics. Plasma retinol was lower in alcoholics. These results suggest that chronic ethanol consumption can contribute to increased risk for vascular diseases in Korean alcoholics.     

新生儿胃肌电变化的研究

目的 观察新生儿胃肌电发育过程，并初步探讨其变化规律。方法 对23例健康新生儿生后1周、2周及1月进行胃肌电描记。采用皮肤表面电极，从腹壁体表用PCPOLYGRAP-HR多功能胃肠检测仪记录胃电，观察主频率(DF)、主频率不稳定系数(DFIC)、正常胃慢波百分比(PNSW)。结果 餐前、餐后正常呈随周龄增大而增加的趋势，餐后PNSW明显高于餐前。DF和DFIC各阶段无明显差异，但自身比较，餐后DF高于餐前，餐后DFIC低于餐前。结论 研究显示出新生儿胃电肌运动的发育过程。     

hCGβ-C3d3融合蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠及其抗血清对hCG诱导鼠子宫增重的抑制效应

目的:通过分子佐剂C3d3增强hCGb避孕疫苗的免疫原性。方法:采用分子生物学技术以phCMV1为载体分别构建分泌型、带有6个组氨酸纯化标签的真核表达质粒phCMV1-6His-hCGb-C3d3和phCMV1-6His-hCGb,在CHO细胞中获得稳定、高效表达的重组蛋白,并用镍柱和凝胶过滤层析对其进行分离、纯化。分别用hCGb-C3d3融合蛋白和单用hCGb间隔4周两次免疫生育期雌性BALB/c小鼠,ELISA测定血清中抗hCGb抗体滴度,并对各组小鼠产生的抗血清拮抗hCG诱导的小鼠子宫增重效应进行比较。结果:C3d3使hCGb蛋白疫苗的免疫原性增强1 995倍,hCGb-C3d3融合蛋白免疫小鼠产生的抗血清具有很强的抑制小鼠子宫增重作用。结论:通过分子佐剂C3d3可以大幅提高机体对hCGb的体液免疫应答能力,hCGb-C3d3融合蛋白免疫小鼠产生的抗血清对hCG的生物学作用具有更强的抑制效应。     

胆囊切除术后残余胆囊结石56例诊治及预防

目的:探讨胆囊切除术后残余胆囊结石的诊治和预防方法,减低此并发症的发生率。方法:对56例残余胆囊结石再次手术的病例进行回顾性分析。56例中初次手术行经典胆囊切除术18例,小切口胆囊切除术16例,腹腔镜胆囊切除术22例;急诊手术30例,择期手术26例;初次手术在三级以下医院施行42例,在三级以上医院施行14例。结果:除1例因粘连严重并发门脉高压症,分离时引起大出血被迫终止手术外,55例再次手术成功,切除残留胆囊及结石后,症状均消失,疗效满意。结论:合理掌握胆囊切除术的手术时机、和术式,在术中解剖清楚胆囊管、肝总管、胆总管三管关系,然后距胆总管0.3~0.5cm切断结扎胆囊管,是预防残余胆囊结石的关键。