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31.
Utility of a multiplex PCR assay for detecting herpesvirus DNA in clinical samples 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4 下载免费PDF全文
Druce J Catton M Chibo D Minerds K Tyssen D Kostecki R Maskill B Leong-Shaw W Gerrard M Birch C 《Journal of clinical microbiology》2002,40(5):1728-1732
A multiplex PCR was designed to amplify herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2, cytomegalovirus, and varicella-zoster virus DNA present in a diverse range of clinical material. The susceptibility of these viruses to in vivo inhibition by at least one antiviral drug was an important consideration in their inclusion in the multiplex detection system. An aliquot of equine herpesvirus was introduced into each specimen prior to extraction and served as an indicator of potential inhibitors of the PCR and a detector of suboptimal PCR conditions. Compared to virus isolation and immunofluorescence-based antigen detection, the multiplex assay yielded higher detection rates for all viruses represented in the assay. The turnaround time for performance of the assay was markedly reduced compared to those for the other techniques used to identify these viruses. More than 21,000 tests have been performed using the assay. Overall, the multiplex PCR enabled the detection of substantially increased numbers of herpesviruses, in some cases in specimens or anatomical sites where previously they were rarely if ever identified using traditional detection methods. 相似文献
32.
A comparison of research general practices and their patients with other practices--a cross-sectional survey in Trent. 下载免费PDF全文
Vicky Hammersley Julia Hippisley-Cox Andrew Wilson Mike Pringle 《The British journal of general practice》2002,52(479):463-468
BACKGROUND: When interpreting results of studies undertaken by research networks we need to know how representative volunteer practices and their registered patients are of the total population of practices and patients in their locality. AIM: To compare the following in research and non-research general practices in one region: practice and population demography, morbidity and mortality, selected performance indicators, and health outcomes. DESIGN OF STUDY: Cross-sectional survey. SETTING: Sixty-six Trent Focus Collaborative Research Network general practices and 749 other general practices in Trent, United Kingdom. METHOD: Practice characteristics and GP contract data were obtained from the NHS Executive, Quarry House, Leeds. The Trent Regional NHS Hospital Admission Database was searched to identify all relevant admissions to hospital from all practices between 1 April 1993 and 31 March 1997. Ward-linked data on cancer were obtained from the Trent Cancer Registry. RESULTS: Of the 815 general practices in Trent Region in the study period, 66 (8%) were in the Trent Focus network. They were more likely to be involved in training GPs and to have a female partner. They tended to be larger, with fewer single-handed doctors and younger GPs. Network practices prescribed a higher proportion of generics (median % prescribed/practice = 70%, versus 51%, Mann-Whitney U = 1615, P<0.0001). There were no clinically important differences between hospital admission rates between the two groups or waiting times for surgical procedures. There was no difference in the incidence of cancer and standardised mortality ratios related to the electoral wards of the GP surgery. CONCLUSION: Although there were differences in practice structure and some aspects of performance, we found no important differences in the demography of registered patients, nor in morbidity, mortality, or access to or use of secondary care. 相似文献
33.
Soya protein antibodies in man: their occurrence and possible relevance in coeliac disease. 下载免费PDF全文
M R Haeney B J Goodwin M E Barratt N Mike P Asquith 《Journal of clinical pathology》1982,35(3):319-322
Circulating antibodies to soya-derived protein antigens have been measured in patients with duodenitis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and coeliac disease. Significantly raised antibody titres were found frequently in the coeliac group, particularly those patients showing a suboptimal response to a gluten-free diet, but rarely in subjects with other gastrointestinal diseases. Antisoya activity was not necessarily accompanied by antibodies to other common dietary antigens. We suggest that some coeliacs may have an associated dietary soya sensitivity which could adversely influence their response to gluten withdrawal. 相似文献
34.
Zhang B van Adel BA Gabriele J Duong M Henry P Ball AK Mishra RK 《Journal of chemical neuroanatomy》2002,24(1):2248-48
Catecholamine regulated protein 40 (CRP40) has been shown to be expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) of several mammalian species where it may function in a similar manner to members of the heat shock protein (HSP) family. Immunohistochemical and immunoblotting techniques were utilized to investigate whether CRP40 is expressed in normal rat retinas. In addition, changes in CRP40 expression were studied following optic nerve transection. The immunohistochemical results showed that CRP40 is expressed in the normal rat retina. The protein was found to be highly expressed in the ganglion cell layer (GCL), the inner nuclear layer (INL) and the outer plexiform layer (OPL). In addition, a low level of CRP40 was found in the inner plexiform layer (IPL), and in the inner segment layer (ISL). No expression was found in the outer nuclear layer (ONL) of normal rat retina. The immunoblotting results show that CRP40 expression decreased in a time-dependent fashion after the optic nerve transection. This decrease indicates that the expression of CRP40 is dependent on the neuron's normal physiological state and that it plays an important function in physiological and pathological conditions in the retina. 相似文献
35.
Willis F Graff-Radford N Pinto M Lawson L Adamson J Epstein D Parfitt F Hutton M O'Brien PC 《Journal of the National Medical Association》2003,95(1):71-76
Through its role in lipid metabolism, Apolipoprotein epsilon4 (ApoE4) may affect "brain repair" in stroke, brain hemorrhage, Alzheimer's disease, and other brain injury syndromes for which African Americans may have greater morbidity and mortality. Cross-cultural evaluations of these and other genetic factors may provide insight on possible ethnic differences in risk of morbidity to acute central nervous system (CNS) injury and chronic neurodegenerative processes. As an initial step toward expanding knowledge of ApoE allele frequencies for persons of African descent, we compared ApoE genotype of a group of 70 young Ugandans to 59 (subset of a larger group of 342 African Americans of all ages) age-matched African Americans and to published frequencies for Caucasians and Asians. We found that the ApoE4 and epsilon2 alleles are more frequent in Ugandans (U) than Caucasians (C) or Asians (A) with corresponding alleles showing significant elevations of epsilon2 (U 15.71%, C 8.40%, A 4.20%) and 14 (U 25%, C 13.70%, A 8.90%) (p < .001). Comparing the differences between Ugandans and age-appropriate African Americans (AA) was not statically significant, but this outcome may be due to small sample size. These results provide the only published ApoE frequencies for Ugandans and the complete set of data provides the largest published community group of ApoE frequencies for African Americans. 相似文献
36.
Taams LS Vukmanovic-Stejic M Smith J Dunne PJ Fletcher JM Plunkett FJ Ebeling SB Lombardi G Rustin MH Bijlsma JW Lafeber FP Salmon M Akbar AN 《European journal of immunology》2002,32(6):1621-1630
Anergic/suppressive CD4+CD25+ T cells have been proposed to play an important role in the maintenance of peripheral tolerance. Here we demonstrate that in humans these cells suppress proliferation to self antigens, but also to dietary and foreign antigens. The suppressive CD4+CD25+ T cells display a broad usage of the T cell receptor Vbeta repertoire,suggesting that they recognize a wide variety of antigens. They reside in the primed/memory CD4+CD45RO+CD45RB(low) subset and have short telomeres, indicating that these cells have the phenotype of highly differentiated CD4+ T cells that have experienced repeated episodes of antigen-specific stimulation in vivo. This suggests that anergic/suppressive CD4+CD25+ T cells may be generated in the periphery as a consequence of repeated antigenic encounter. This is supported by the observation that highly differentiated CD4+T cells can be induced to become anergic/suppressive when stimulated by antigen presented by non-professional antigen-presenting cells. We suggest that besides being generated in the thymus, CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells may also be generated in the periphery. This would provide a mechanism for the generation of regulatory cells that induce tolerance to a wide array of antigens that may not be encountered in the thymus. 相似文献
37.
Mike Fitzpatrick 《The British journal of general practice》2008,58(548):216-217
38.
APOE is a potential modifier gene in an autosomal dominant form of frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD).
Sarju G Mehta Giles D J Watts Jennifer L Adamson Mike Hutton Geanie Umberger Shuling Xiong Sheena Ramdeen Mark A Lovell Virginia E Kimonis Charles D Smith 《Genetics in medicine》2007,9(1):9-13
PURPOSE: Inclusion-body myopathy, Paget's disease of bone and frontotemporal dementia is an adult-onset autosomal dominant illness (IBMPFD) caused by mutations in the valosin-containing protein (VCP) on chromosome 9p21.1-p12. The penetrance of the gene is 82% for myopathy, 49% for Paget's disease, but may be as low as 30% for frontotemporal dementia. Modifier genes could account for decreased frontotemporal dementia penetrance. In this study apolipoprotein-E (APOE) was evaluated for this role in IBMPFD families based on its known modifier effect in Alzheimer's disease. METHODS: From a database of 231 members of 15 families, 174 had APOE genotype available for analysis. Logistic regressions on APOE genotype and frontotemporal dementia were performed, using appropriate covariates. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: FTD was associated with APOE 4 genotype (P=0.0002), myopathy (P=0.0006), and age (P=0.01), but not microtubule associated protein tau (MAPT) H2 haplotype (P=0.5) or gender (0.09) after adjustment for membership in pedigrees with at least one APOE 4 genotype. These data suggest a potential link between APOE 4 genotype and the specific form of frontotemporal dementia found in IBMPFD. The molecular basis of this link bears further investigation. We did not observe an association of frontotemporal dementia and H2 MAPT haplotype. 相似文献
39.
Frequency of cytokine polymorphisms in populations from western Europe,Africa, Asia,the Middle East and South America 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
Meenagh A Williams F Ross OA Patterson C Gorodezky C Hammond M Leheny WA Middleton D 《Human immunology》2002,63(11):1055-1061
PCR-SSOP identification procedures for IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-alpha and TNF-beta cytokine polymorphisms have been developed. Application of the procedures to a range of diverse geographically distributed populations has identified ethnic differences within the groups studied. Five populations were investigated, Northern Ireland, South African Zulu, Omani, Singapore Chinese and Mexican Mestizos. 相似文献
40.
Mayne M Moffatt T Kong H McLaren PJ Fowke KR Becker KG Namaka M Schenck A Bardoni B Bernstein CN Melanson M 《European journal of immunology》2004,34(4):1217-1227
DNA microarray profiling of CD4(+) and CD8(+) cells from non-treated relapsing and remitting multiple sclerosis (MS) patients determined that the cytoplasmic binding partner of fragile X protein (CYFIP2, also called PIR121) was increased significantly compared to healthy controls. Western analysis confirmed that CYFIP2 protein was increased approximately fourfold in CD4(+) cells from MS compared to inflammatory bowel disorder (IBD) patients or healthy controls. Because CYFIP2 acts as part of a tetrameric complex that regulates WAVE1 activation we hypothesized that high levels of CYFIP2 facilitate T cell adhesion, which is elevated in MS patients. Several findings indicated that increased levels of CYFIP2 facilitated adhesion. First, adenoviral-mediated overexpression of CYFIP2 in Jurkat cells increased fibronectin-mediated adhesion. Secondly, CYFIP2 knock-down experiments using antisense oligodeoxynucleotides reduced fibronectin-mediated binding in Jurkat and CD4(+) cells. Thirdly, inhibition of Rac-1, a physical partner with CYFIP2 and regulator of WAVE1 activity, reduced fibronectin-mediated adhesion in Jurkat and CD4(+) cells. Finally, inhibition of Rac-1 or reduction of CYFIP2 protein decreased fibronectin-mediated adhesion in CD4(+) cells from MS patients to levels similar to controls. These studies suggest that overabundance of CYFIP2 protein facilitates increased adhesion properties of T cells from MS patients. 相似文献