比较教学学习法在药物化学中的应用

《药物化学》课程在药学、药剂和制药工程专业的教学计划中被列为专业基础课，它在《化学基础》课、《药理》课与《药剂学》、《药物分析学》等应用学科之间有承前启后的联系．它介绍的多是结构复杂的有机化合物，较有机化学中介绍的物质结构更加复杂、抽象、难懂、难记。而且药物化学研究内容广泛、发展又快，这无疑会给学生的学习带来一定的难度。为此，我们在课堂教学中针对不同内容特点相应采取了不同的教学方法，使学生认识到学好药物化学的重要性，激发学生的思维和求知欲，以便为后续学科的学习打下良好基础。     

显色培养基在检测食品中沙门菌的应用研究

目的考核显色培养基对沙门菌的检测效果，以新型快速检测方法。方法按国标（GB4789．4—2003）程序比较几种培养基检测食品中沙门菌的效果。结果以CHROMagar沙门菌显色培养基、HKM沙门菌显色培养基与传统平板DHL对测试菌株和实际样品检测可以达到相近的检测限和灵敏度。HKM沙门菌显色培养基对某些沙门菌的检出灵敏度比CHROMagar沙门菌显色培养基更高。结论用显色培养基检测沙门菌是一种新快速途径，可大大提高检测效率。     

莫西沙星与左氧氟沙星静脉滴注治疗老年吸入性肺炎80例对比研究

目的:观察莫西沙星与左氧氟沙星治疗老年吸入性肺炎的临床疗效和安全性.方法:随机选择老年吸入性肺炎住院患者80例,分为治疗组和对照组,每组40例.治疗组使用莫西沙星400 mg静脉滴注给药,每日1次,对照组使用左氧氟沙星500 mg,静脉滴注给药,每日1次,共治疗7 d,观察2组疗效及不良反应.结果:治疗组和对照组的临床有效率分别为90.0%和82.5%,细菌清除率分别为94.3%和96.4%,不良反应发生率分别为15.0%和17.5%,2组各项指标差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:莫西沙星针剂治疗吸入性肺炎疗效较佳,且安全有效.     

加味血府逐瘀汤治疗高血压64例疗效观察

目的观察加味血府逐瘀汤治疗轻中度高血压病的临床疗效。方法采用随机分组对照法，治疗组以加味血府逐瘀汤（当归10g、生地10g、桃仁10g、红花10g、枳壳3g、牛膝12g、川芎10g、丹参20g、地龙30g、生甘草6g、杜仲12g、桑寄生15g）＋口服常规降压药物治疗；对照组给予口服常规降压药物治疗；观察2组临床症状、血压的变化。结果在降压疗效方面治疗组显效率25．8％，总有效率95．2％；对照组显效率12．1％，总有效率75．8％；治疗组显效率与总有效率明显高于对照组，2组比较差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。在改善症状方面治疗组头晕头胀症状改善明显优于对照组，差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。结论加味血府逐瘀汤治疗轻中度高血压病是通过扩张血管口径，对抗去甲肾上腺素引起的血管收缩而起降低血压作用。     

Overweight and obesity in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia

OBJECTIVE: To describe anthropometric characteristics of participants and the influence of sociodemographic and cardiovascular risk factors involved in the prevalence of obesity in the eastern province of Saudi Arabia. METHODS: In the year 2004, all Saudi residents in the Eastern province aged 30 years and above, were invited to participate in a community screening campaign for early detection of diabetes and hypertension. Demographic data, medical history, life habits, weight, height, blood pressure, and glucose concentration were recorded using a structured questionnaire. Obesity and overweight were defined by body mass index (BMI) >or=30 kg/m2 and 25-29.9 kg/m2, respectively. Logistic regression was used to predict the association of the significant factors with the prevalence of obesity. RESULTS: Out of 195,874 participants, the overall prevalence of obesity was 43.8%, while 35.1% were overweight. The prevalence of underweight was 1.3%. The peak prevalence of obesity was observed in the age group 50-59 years. Obesity was higher among women than men, higher in housewives, and among the less educated than others (p<0.0001). Linear regression analysis showed a strong proportional association of BMI with diabetes, hypertension, triglycerides and cholesterol, and an inverse proportional association with physical activity and smoking CONCLUSION: Obesity and overweight constitute an important health problem affecting a high proportion of Saudi population. Addressing associated factors, and enhancing public health education is an important aim to focus on for weight control.     

Hyperlipidemia in Saudi Arabia

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of hyperlipidemia among Saudis of both genders in rural and urban communities. METHODS: Selected Saudis in the age group of 30-70 years were studied over a 5-year period between 1995 and 2000 in Saudi Arabia. Data were obtained from history, physical examination, and analysis of fasting plasma lipids. The data were analyzed to classify individuals with hypercholesterolemia (HC) (total cholesterol > or =5.2 mmol/l), and hypertriglyceridemia (HT) (total triglycerides > or =1.69 mmol/l). Logistic regression analysis was performed to provide a risk assessment model and correlation with other coronary artery disease (CAD) risk factors. RESULTS: The number of study samples included in the final analysis was 16,819. The prevalence of HC was 54% with mean cholesterol level of 5.4+/-1.52 mmol/l. Prevalence of HC among males was 54.9% and 53.2% for females, while 53.4% among urban Saudis and 55.3% for rural Saudis. Hypertriglycemia prevalence was 40.3% with mean triglycerides level of 1.8+/-1.29 mmol/l. Males had statistically significant higher HT prevalence of 47.6% compared to 33.7% in females (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Hyperlipedimia is reaching higher prevalence rates in KSA. This finding may suggest that CAD will soon be a major health problem. Reduction in obesity by adopting healthier eating habits, and increasing physical activity are of considerable importance to our community.     

肾病综合征中医辨证分型与血清甲状腺激素之间的关系

目的探讨肾病综合征(nephrotic syndrome,NS)患者中医辨证与血清甲状腺激素变化的关系。方法设立正常对照组,采用放射免疫法测定治疗组血浆总T3(TT3)、总T4(TT4)及促甲状腺激素(TSH)的浓度。结果湿热型血清TT3、TT4、TSH与对照组比较差异均不显著(P>0.05);肝肾阴虚型血清TT3、TT4低于正常对照组(P<0.01),TSH高于正常对照组(P<0.01);脾肾阳虚型血清TT3、TT4低于正常对照组(P<0.01),也低于肝肾阴虚型,二者有显著性差异(P<0.01),TSH与正常对照组比较差异不显著(P>0.05),低于肝肾阴虚型(P<0.01)。结论TT3、TT4、TSH的不同水平变化在NS各中医证型间具有差异性,可作为中医证候的客观表现之一。     

酸模属植物中化学成分及其药理活性研究进展

蓼科酸模属的多种植物均为民间传统药用植物,该属的羊蹄、钝叶酸模、酸模、巴天酸模、皱叶酸模等均作为草药"土大黄"广泛使用,具有清热解毒、行瘀止血、杀菌止痒等功效,用于治疗疥癣和多种出血症."土大黄"类药材与大黄形态相似,市场上常作为大黄的伪品处理,然而"土大黄"中含有大量的萘醌、酚酸类成分,具有很强的杀菌止痒和止血收敛的功效,因此从杀菌止痒、抗病毒的角度考虑,土大黄类药材比大黄类药材更具开发价值.综述酸模属植物化学成分和药理活性研究进展.旨在更好开发利用该属植物.     

Inferior glenohumeral joint dislocation with greater tuberosity avulsion

Inferior glenohumeral dislocation is the least common type of glenohumeral dislocations. It may be associated with fractures of the adjacent bones and neurovascular compromise. It should be treated immediately by close reduction. The associated neuropraxia usually recovers with time. Traction-counter traction method is commonly used for reduction followed by immobilization of the shoulder for three weeks. Here, we report a case of inferior glenohumeral joint dislocation with greater tuberosity fracture with transient neurovascular compromise and present a brief review of the literature.     

颅内肿瘤大剂量Gd-DTPA MR灌注成像的临床应用及安全性

目的探讨颅内肿瘤大剂量Gd-DTPA MR灌注成像的应用价值及安全性。方法收集经病理证实的颅内肿瘤36例,其中低级别胶质瘤（Ⅰ-Ⅱ级）15例,高级别胶质瘤（Ⅲ-Ⅳ级）12例,脑膜瘤7例,胆脂瘤1例,脉络丛乳头状瘤1例,使用FID-EPI序列行Gd-DTPA灌注成像。在脑血流容积的伪彩色图像上测得肿瘤的rCBV值,并对各组肿瘤的rCBV值进行统计学t检验;记录注药后患者的表现及不良反应,评价大剂量Gd-DTPA灌注的安全性。结果低级别胶质瘤与高级别胶质瘤的rCBV值,低级别胶质瘤与脑膜瘤的rCBV值比较有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,而高级别胶质瘤与脑膜瘤的rCBV值比较没有统计学意义（P〉0.05）。1例脉络丛乳头状瘤的rCBV值为9.15,表现为高灌注;1例胆脂瘤的rCBV值为0.09,表现为低灌注;36例灌注患者未见药物过敏反应。结论大剂量Gd-DTPA的MR灌注成像有助于脑胶质瘤的分级及与其他颅内肿瘤的鉴别诊断,临床应用的安全性良好。