全文获取类型
收费全文 | 548441篇 |
免费 | 29498篇 |
国内免费 | 894篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 6931篇 |
儿科学 | 17249篇 |
妇产科学 | 12946篇 |
基础医学 | 95970篇 |
口腔科学 | 12640篇 |
临床医学 | 50127篇 |
内科学 | 97660篇 |
皮肤病学 | 12693篇 |
神经病学 | 35244篇 |
特种医学 | 21677篇 |
外国民族医学 | 60篇 |
外科学 | 80028篇 |
综合类 | 8482篇 |
现状与发展 | 3篇 |
一般理论 | 111篇 |
预防医学 | 39784篇 |
眼科学 | 12264篇 |
药学 | 43677篇 |
6篇 | |
中国医学 | 1688篇 |
肿瘤学 | 29593篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 4380篇 |
2019年 | 4304篇 |
2018年 | 6279篇 |
2017年 | 4566篇 |
2016年 | 5449篇 |
2015年 | 6048篇 |
2014年 | 8004篇 |
2013年 | 11474篇 |
2012年 | 17211篇 |
2011年 | 19294篇 |
2010年 | 10915篇 |
2009年 | 9420篇 |
2008年 | 16968篇 |
2007年 | 18830篇 |
2006年 | 18176篇 |
2005年 | 17332篇 |
2004年 | 16758篇 |
2003年 | 16129篇 |
2002年 | 15518篇 |
2001年 | 22826篇 |
2000年 | 23454篇 |
1999年 | 19267篇 |
1998年 | 5375篇 |
1997年 | 4489篇 |
1996年 | 4478篇 |
1995年 | 4226篇 |
1992年 | 14475篇 |
1991年 | 15867篇 |
1990年 | 16004篇 |
1989年 | 15663篇 |
1988年 | 14353篇 |
1987年 | 14233篇 |
1986年 | 13192篇 |
1985年 | 12726篇 |
1984年 | 9414篇 |
1983年 | 8028篇 |
1982年 | 4209篇 |
1979年 | 8970篇 |
1978年 | 6409篇 |
1977年 | 5162篇 |
1976年 | 5522篇 |
1975年 | 6640篇 |
1974年 | 7437篇 |
1973年 | 7176篇 |
1972年 | 6605篇 |
1971年 | 6326篇 |
1970年 | 5902篇 |
1969年 | 5475篇 |
1968年 | 5171篇 |
1967年 | 4639篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
Fiene Marie Kuijper Uma V. Mahajan Seul Ku Daniel A.N. Barbosa Sheila M. Alessi Sherman C. Stein Kyle M. Kampman Brandon S. Bentzley Casey H. Halpern 《Neuromodulation》2022,25(2):253-262
ObjectivesCocaine is the second most frequently used illicit drug worldwide (after cannabis), and cocaine use disorder (CUD)-related deaths increased globally by 80% from 1990 to 2013. There is yet to be a regulatory-approved treatment. Emerging preclinical evidence indicates that deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the nucleus accumbens may be a therapeutic option. Prior to expanding the costly investigation of DBS for treatment of CUD, it is important to ensure societal cost-effectiveness.AimsWe conducted a threshold and cost-effectiveness analysis to determine the success rate at which DBS would be equivalent to contingency management (CM), recently identified as the most efficacious therapy for treatments of CUDs.Materials and MethodsQuality of life, efficacy, and safety parameters for CM were obtained from previous literature. Costs were calculated from a societal perspective. Our model predicted the utility benefit based on quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and incremental-cost-effectiveness ratio resulting from two treatments on a one-, two-, and five-year timeline.ResultsOn a one-year timeline, DBS would need to impart a success rate (ie, cocaine free) of 70% for it to yield the same utility benefit (0.492 QALYs per year) as CM. At no success rate would DBS be more cost-effective (incremental-cost-effectiveness ratio <$50,000) than CM during the first year. Nevertheless, as DBS costs are front loaded, DBS would need to achieve success rates of 74% and 51% for its cost-effectiveness to exceed that of CM over a two- and five-year period, respectively.ConclusionsWe find DBS would not be cost-effective in the short term (one year) but may be cost-effective in longer timelines. Since DBS holds promise to potentially be a cost-effective treatment for CUDs, future randomized controlled trials should be performed to assess its efficacy. 相似文献
92.
93.
目的 探讨临床胜任力为导向的病例教学(case-based learning,CBL)在急危重症护理学本科教学中的可行性和有效性。方法 将急危重症护理本科生120人随机分为CBL教学组和传统教学组。根据每次实习学生人数,CBL教学组分为数个小组,每小组固定一个带教教师,并以小组为单位进行临床教学实践;传统教学组采用既往的临床实习教学方式,即一个学生固定跟随一个带教教师。采用理论考试、技能考试以及问卷调查等多种考核方式评价两组的教学效果,采用SPSS 21.0软件行t检验和卡方检验。结果 与传统教学组相比,CBL教学组在理论考试[(92.5±3.0) vs. (85.3±3.3)]和技能考试[(93.1±4.5) vs. (88.1±3.4)]方面均更好,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);在对教学满意度调查方面,CBL教学组优于传统教学组。结论 以临床胜任力为导向的CBL教学应用于急危重症护理本科教学是可行的,能有效培养学生的临床思维和提高实际的临床胜任力。 相似文献
94.
95.
Jeroen M. van de Pol Jurjen G. Geljon Svetlana V. Belitser Geert W.J. Frederix Anke M. Hövels Marcel L. Bouvy 《Research in social & administrative pharmacy》2019,15(1):70-76
Introduction
The nature of community pharmacy is changing, shifting from the preparation and distribution of medicines to the provision of cognitive pharmaceutical services (CPS); however, often the provision of traditional services leaves little time for innovative services. This study investigated the time community pharmacists spend on the tasks and activities of daily practice and to what extent they are able to implement CPS-related services in daily practice.Methods
Self-reporting work sampling was used to register the activities of community pharmacists. A smartphone application, designed specifically for this purpose, alerted participants to register their current activity five times per working day for 6 weeks. Participants also completed an online survey about baseline characteristics.Results
Ninety-one Dutch community pharmacists provided work-sampling data (7848 registered activities). Overall, 51.5% of their time was spent on professional activities, 35.4% on semi-professional activities, and 13.1% on non-professional activities. The proportion of time devoted to CPS decreased during the workweek, whereas the time spent on traditional task increased.Discussion and conclusion
This study shows it is feasible to collect work-sampling data using smartphone technology. Community pharmacists spent almost half of their time on semi-professional and non-professional activities, activities that could be delegated to other staff members. In practice, the transition to CPS is hampered by competing traditional tasks, which prevents community pharmacists from profiling themselves as pharmaceutical experts in daily practice. 相似文献96.
97.
目的 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)是耳鼻咽喉科的一种常见病,儿童发病率呈上升趋势,调查显示儿童OSAHS发生率为4%~5%,2~6岁是发病的高峰期。OSAHS不仅严重影响儿童的睡眠质量,还会引起儿童生长发育迟缓、智力缺陷等一系列不良反应,OSAHS患儿的主要病因是扁桃体和/或腺样体肥大,因此最有效的治疗方法是扁桃体切除术和腺样体切除术。而扁桃体和腺样体是儿童淋巴组织系统的重要组成部分,在机体的防御和保护功能中发挥着重要作用。手术治疗OSAHS是否影响儿童的免疫功能目前存在争议。一些学者认为扁桃体切除和腺样体切除后儿童的免疫力降低,而另一些学者认为OSAHS儿童的免疫力在手术后保持不变,甚至比手术前有所提高。本文就儿童OSAHS手术前后免疫指标的变化作一综述。 相似文献
98.
99.
Primary syphilis in HIV‐negative patients is on the rise in Greece: epidemiological data for the period 2005–2012 from a tertiary referral centre in Athens,Greece
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
100.
Immunohistochemical and molecular analysis of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in esophageal carcinoma
下载免费PDF全文
![点击此处可从《APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica》网站下载免费的PDF全文](/ch/ext_images/free.gif)
Georgia Levidou Dimitrios Theodorou Nikolaos V. Michalopoulos Efstratios Patsouris Angelica A. Saetta 《APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica》2015,123(8):639-647
Among the numerous signaling pathways involved in tumorigenesis, PI3K‐AKT‐mTOR is a key one that regulates diverse cellular functions. However, its prognostic value in esophageal carcinoma remains unclear. In our study, we examined the immunohistochemical expression of phosphorylated (p‐) AKT, mTOR, p70S6K and 4E‐BP1 along with the mutational status of PIK3CA and AKT1 genes by High Resolution Melting Analysis and Pyrosequencing in 44 esophageal carcinomas. The results were correlated with the clinicopathological characteristics of the patients in an effort to define their possible prognostic significance. Total p‐mTOR cytoplasmic expression, assessed in 10 random areas, was positively correlated with tumor stage (Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA, I/II vs III/IV, p = 0.0500). Μoreover, maximum p‐mTOR cytoplasmic immunoexpression, estimated in hot spot areas, was positively associated with tumor grade (Mann–Whitney U test, I/II vs III, p = 0.0565). Interestingly, p‐4E‐BP1 immunoreactivity was negatively correlated with tumor histological grade (Mann–Whitney U test, I/II vs III, p = 0.0427). No mutation was observed in exons 9 and 20 of PIK3CA gene and in exon 4 of AKT1 gene. In conclusion, our findings depict the presence of activated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in esophageal cancer bringing forward p‐mTOR and p‐4E‐BP1 for their potential role in esophageal carcinogenesis. Additional studies are warranted to validate our findings. 相似文献