Large painful lactating adenomas effectively treated during pregnancy with bromocriptine

Lactating adenomas are painful, benign breast lesions, typically presenting during pregnancy and treated with surgery. Here we present a case of a 25‐year‐old pregnant woman who developed multiple, bilateral lactating adenomas and was successfully treated during her third trimester with bromocriptine alone. Bromocriptine, a dopamine agonist, may be used in pregnancy to effectively treat lactating adenomas in lieu of surgery.     

Reconciling PC‐MRI and CFD: An in‐vitro study

Several well‐resolved 4D Flow MRI acquisitions of an idealized rigid flow phantom featuring an aneurysm, a curved channel as well as a bifurcation were performed under pulsatile regime. The resulting hemodynamics were processed to remove MRI artifacts. Subsequently, they were compared with CFD predictions computed on the same flow domain, using an in‐house high‐order low dissipative flow solver. Results show that reaching a good agreement is not straightforward but requires proper treatments of both techniques. Several sources of discrepancies are highlighted and their impact on the final correlation evaluated. While a very poor correlation (r² = 0.63) is found in the entire domain between raw MRI and CFD data, correlation as high as r² = 0.97 is found when artifacts are removed by post‐processing the MR data and down sampling the CFD results to match the MRI spatial and temporal resolutions. This work demonstrates that, in a well‐controlled environment, both PC‐MRI and CFD might bring reliable and correlated flow quantities when a proper methodology to reduce the errors is followed.     

Assessing the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and life satisfaction,psychological well-being,and social well-being: United States Longitudinal Cohort 1995–2014

Quality of Life Research - More than half of the U.S. population has experienced adverse childhood experiences (ACE), which are linked to physical and mental health issues. This study examines the...     

Surrounding Greenness and Pregnancy Outcomes in Four Spanish Birth Cohorts

Background: Green spaces have been associated with improved physical and mental health; however, the available evidence on the impact of green spaces on pregnancy is scarce.Objectives: We investigated the association between surrounding greenness and birth weight, head circumference, and gestational age at delivery.Methods: This study was based on 2,393 singleton live births from four Spanish birth cohorts (Asturias, Gipuzkoa, Sabadell, and Valencia) located in two regions of the Iberian Peninsula with distinct climates and vegetation patterns (2003–2008). We defined surrounding greenness as average of satellite-based Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) (Landsat 4–5 TM data at 30 m × 30 m resolution) during 2007 in buffers of 100 m, 250 m, and 500 m around each maternal place of residence. Separate linear mixed models with adjustment for potential confounders and a random cohort effect were used to estimate the change in birth weight, head circumference, and gestational age for 1-interquartile range increase in surrounding greenness.Results: Higher surrounding greenness was associated with increases in birth weight and head circumference [adjusted regression coefficients (95% confidence interval) of 44.2 g (20.2 g, 68.2 g) and 1.7 mm (0.5 mm, 2.9 mm) for an interquartile range increase in average NDVI within a 500-m buffer] but not gestational age. These findings were robust against the choice of the buffer size and the season of data acquisition for surrounding greenness, and when the analysis was limited to term births. Stratified analyses indicated stronger associations among children of mothers with lower education, suggesting greater benefits from surrounding greenness.Conclusions: Our findings suggest a beneficial impact of surrounding greenness on measures of fetal growth but not pregnancy length.     

An Intervention to Address Interpersonal Violence Among Low-Income Midwestern Hispanic-American Teens

This paper reports pilot testing of “Familias En Nuestra Escuela”, an in-school interpersonal violence prevention intervention targeting Hispanic-American teens. The intervention, based on the hypothesis that the preservation and reinforcement of Hispanic cultural values can serve as a protective factor against violence, focused on the enhancement of ethnic pride. Researchers formed a partnership with a midwestern Hispanic community to test the feasibility, receptivity and preliminary impact of the intervention in a pre/post test, no control group design. Participants were low-income, predominantly first-generation Hispanic-American freshmen and sophomore students from one Hispanic-serving high school. Findings revealed a statistically significant increase in the intervention’s mediator, ethic pride. Changes in the desired direction occurred on measures of perceptions of self-efficacy for self-control, couple violence, and gender attitudes. The incidence of physical fighting and dating violence behaviors decreased over the course of an academic school year. Results provide preliminary evidence for the use of interventions based on ethnic and cultural pride as a violence prevention strategy among Hispanic-American teens, especially those who are first generation Americans.     

Exposure to hexachlorobenzene during pregnancy increases the risk of overweight in children aged 6 years

Abstract Aim: To determine whether prenatal exposure to hexachlorobenzene (HCB) has potential adverse effects on child's weight and body mass index (BMI) in a general population with no local pollution sources. Methods: Starting from mid 1997, all mothers presenting for antenatal exposure in Menorca were recruited. Subsequently, 482 children were enrolled. HCB was measured in cord blood. Weight and height were measured at birth and at age 6.5 years. Results: Children with HCB levels higher than 1.03 ng/mL in cord blood were 1.14 kg (0.38) heavier and had a higher BMI (beta= 0.80 (0.34)) than children with HCB levels lower than 0.46 ng/mL. No statistically significant associations were found in height. Children in the higher exposure group of HCB had an increased risk of 2.5 and 3.0 of being overweight and obese. Children from normalweight mothers also presented an increased risk of having higher BMI with increasing concentrations of HCB in cord serum. Conclusion: Prenatal exposure to HCB is associated with an increase in BMI and weight at age 6.5 years. Further studies with larger samples and longer follow-up are needed to confirm these results.     

Alternative methods of accounting for underreporting and overreporting when measuring dietary intake-obesity relations

Misreporting characterized by the reporting of implausible energy intakes may undermine the valid estimation of diet-disease relations, but the methods to best identify and account for misreporting are unknown. The present study compared how alternate approaches affected associations between selected dietary factors and body mass index (BMI) by using data from the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition-Spain. A total of 24,332 women and 15,061 men 29-65 years of age recruited from 1992 to 1996 for whom measured height and weight and validated diet history data were available were included. Misreporters were identified on the basis of disparities between reported energy intakes and estimated requirements calculated using the original Goldberg method and 2 alternatives: one that substituted basal metabolic rate equations that are more valid at higher BMIs and another that used doubly labeled water-predicted total energy expenditure equations. Compared with results obtained using the original method, underreporting was considerably lower and overreporting higher with alternative methods, which were highly concordant. Accounting for misreporters with all methods yielded diet-BMI relations that were more consistent with expectations; alternative methods often strengthened associations. For example, among women, multivariable-adjusted differences in BMI for the highest versus lowest vegetable intake tertile (β = 0.37 (standard error, 0.07)) were neutral after adjusting with the original method (β = 0.01 (standard error, 07)) and negative using the predicted total energy expenditure method with stringent cutoffs (β = -0.15 (standard error, 0.07)). Alternative methods may yield more valid associations between diet and obesity-related outcomes.