Synovial chondromatosis of four compartments of the knee: medial and lateral tibiofemoral spaces,patellofemoral joint and proximal tibiofibular joint

A case of synovial chondromatosis of the proximal tibiofibular joint in addition to lateral and medial tibiofemoral spaces and patellofemoral joint has been presented.     

福参的苷类成分

目的 从福参Angelica morii提取分离活性成分。方法 采用乙醇提取，溶剂萃取，大孔树脂、聚酰胺、硅胶柱层析，LH-20、重结晶等纯化，对福参饮片进行系统提取分离；运用波谱学方法及理化常数对照进行结构鉴定。结果 从正丁醇和水部分分离到6个苷类化合物，分别为升麻索苷(prim-O-glucosylcimifugin，Ⅰ)、紫花前胡苷(marmesinin，Ⅱ)、芹菜素7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(apigenin 7-O0-β-D-glucoside，Ⅲ)、木犀草素7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(1ute—olin 7-O-β-D-glucoside，Ⅳ)，umbeliferone 7-apiosylglucoside(V)和胡萝卜苷(daucosterol，Ⅵ)。结论 6个化合物均为首次该植物中分得；化合物Ⅲ首次从当归属中分得。     

Correction of camptodactyly with an external fixator

Camptodactyly is a flexion deformity of the proximal interphalangeal joint. Because of unsatisfactory results, treatment is not recommended for mild deformities, and in severe deformities surgery has been disappointing. A specially designed external fixator providing gradual distraction was used in a severe case. With this mildly aggressive method, an acceptable result was obtained. Received: 5 June 1997/Accepted: 2 February 1998     

The use of tissue expanders in syndactyly repair

The syndactyly repairs of 11 hands in seven patients (average age 20.4) who had simple complete syndactyly between the third and fourth fingers were done by the use of tissue expanders in order to obtain adequate skin closure. At the first stage, a wedge type, 7 cc tissue expander was placed beneath the dorsal skin of the syndactylous digits via a vertical dorsal hand incision under local anesthesia. Inflation was begun on the 15th postoperative day. After the inflation period (average 32 days), syndactyly repair similar to the Littler technique was performed using axillary block anesthesia. During the expansion period one tissue expander became exposed and this hand was repaired by the classical skin grafting technique. In the remaining ten hands the expanded dorsal skin ensured skin closure of the digits and web reconstruction without any need for skin grafting. No complications were encountered during the postoperative period. Active and passive abduction angles, tip-to-tip length, active range of motion of the digits, and two point discrimination tests were done at follow-up (average six months). The web appearances were normal in all patients. Active abduction angles and active range of motion of the digits was always normal at the third postoperative month. Two point discrimination was 8.7 mm on the interdigital sides of the digits and there was no tip-to-tip length differences of the digits. No contractures were seen.Presented at the International Congress of Surgery of the Hand and Upper Extremity, Izmir, Turkey, September 25, 1994.     

Apoptosis in perinatal hypoxic-ischaemic cerebral damage

Perinatal hypoxia-ischaemia induces a biphasic cerebral injury: the depletion in high energy phosphates during the insult returns to normal soon after resuscitation. However, some 8–15 h later a second phase of impaired energy metabolism begins, which is related to the severity of later neurodevelopmental impairment. Delayed injury differs from acute hypoxia-ischaemia because intracellular acidosis does not occur. Apoptosis may be a mechanism of delayed cellular injury. Apoptotic cells and typical DNA fragmentation have been found after perinatal hypoxia-ischaemia. In newborn piglets, fraction of apoptotic cells was directly related to the degree of high energy phosphate depletion during hypoxia-ischaemia. Apoptosis may be interrupted: in piglets, brain cooling for 12 h following resuscitation reduced the fraction of apoptotic but not necrotic cells. These results have implications for both the understanding of cerebral injury and the use of hypothermia as a neural rescue strategy in the developing brain.     

Super-reactivity to amphetamine toxicity induced by schedule of reinforcement

The chronic exposure of rats to a schedule of operant water reinforcement coupled with chronically restricted access to water sensitized the animals to intermittentd-amphetamine injections (0.31–2.5 mg/kg with intervals of 12–23 days between any two injections) in such a way that this drug came to produce catastrophic losses of body weight (32.4% of control levels). In the sessions whend-amphetamine was administered, the rats were also given a total of 12 brief electric shocks. Loss of body weight was unaccompanied by parallel changes in operant behavior performance, or in food or water intake. Remarkably, in other studies with the same interventions (sham schedule sessions, water deprivation, and foot shocks), with the exception that reinforcers were never delivered,d-amphetamine did not produce catastrophic falls in body weight. This super-reactivity tod-amphetamine toxicity may be mediated by a possible stressor action of the schedule of reinforcement. Its mechanism might be analogous to the known sensitization produced by classical experimental stressor stimuli to the repeated administration ofd-amphetamine.     

Incisional healing in rats treated with diethyl maleate

Diethyl maleate (DEM) which binds and thus depletes tissue glutathione levels was used to aggravate the injury and to determine its effect on incisional healing. A 5 cm dorsal midline skin incision was performed on 40 albino Wistar rats in two groups and then closed by interrupted sutures. Groups received 0.9% NaCl and DEM at a dosage of 1 mg/kg/day intraperitoneally for seven days, respectively. On postoperative days 7 and 14, histopathological assessment and tensile strengths were measured. The DEM treated group had a marked inflammation with poorly defined collagen formation and the tensile strength measurements revealed a significant decrease (p <0.001) on the 7t day. On the other hand, the first group showed better collagenization and a lesser degree of inflammation. However, on the 14th day, there was no noticeable histopathological difference between the two groups; but, tensile strength values of the second group were still lower (p <0.05). In this animal model, DEM postponed the healing process and reduced the tensile strength.     

0～16岁城乡儿童骨骼矿物质含量及影响因素的研究

使用单光子骨矿物测定仪，自１９９４年初到１９９５年底，分别在河南省扶沟县和新乡市测定了３３２名健康的０～１６岁城乡儿童右前臂１／３处桡骨和尺骨的骨矿物质含量（ＢＭＣ），采用逐步多元回归分析了多个独立变量对桡骨ＢＭＣ和测量部位骨宽度的影响。结果显示：桡骨和尺骨的ＢＭＣ、骨宽度（ＢＷ）、ＢＭＣ／ＢＷ和前臂长度均随年龄而增加，０～６岁城市儿童的ＢＭＣ高于农村儿童；桡骨ＢＭＣ与所测量部位的ＢＷ呈正相关，年龄、体重和身高对桡骨ＢＭＣ都显示出显著和独立的正影响；儿童的桡骨ＢＭＣ与年龄呈显著正相关；而桡骨ＢＭＣ与体重的比值与年龄呈显著负相关；测定部位桡骨ＢＷ和前臂长度随年龄的增加呈曲线增加。在以身高和体重调整后，性别、年龄和体重对桡骨ＢＷ的影响变得不显著，只有身高的影响显著。本研究证明儿童在０～１６岁范围，身高（而不是肥胖）是骨骼ＢＭＣ的主要决定因素。在比较儿童骨密度结果时，要参考多个变量，如ＢＭＣ、骨密度，ＢＭＣ／体重、ＢＭＣ／年龄等综合评价指标更有说明力。