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Erinn T Rhodes Jonathan A Finkelstein Richard Marshall Carole Allen Matthew W Gillman David S Ludwig 《Ambulatory Pediatrics》2006,6(2):110-114
OBJECTIVE: The American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends screening children at risk for type 2 diabetes with a fasting plasma glucose test or an oral glucose tolerance test. The purpose of this study was to describe attitudes, barriers, and practices related to type 2 diabetes screening in children among pediatric clinicians. METHODS: Pediatricians, nurse practitioners and physician assistants from a multispecialty, group practice in Eastern Massachusetts completed a mailed survey. To assess screening practice, three vignettes were presented representing pediatric patients with low, moderately high, and high risk for type 2 diabetes. The moderately high-risk and high-risk patients met ADA criteria for screening. ADA-consistent practice was defined as only screening the moderately high-risk and high-risk patients; lower-threshold practice was defined as also screening the low-risk patient; and higher threshold practice was screening only the high-risk patient. RESULTS: Sixty-two of 90 clinicians responded (69%). Based on intent to screen in the 3 vignettes, 21% of respondents reported ADA-consistent screening practice, 39% lower-threshold, and 35% higher-threshold screening practice. Five percent had incomplete or nonclassifiable responses. Many clinicians ordered screening tests other than those recommended by the ADA; few (< or =8% in any vignette) ordered only an ADA-recommended test. Preferences for nonfasting tests were influenced by nonmedical factors such as access to or cost of transportation. Inadequate patient education materials and unclear recommendations for appropriate screening methods were the most frequently reported moderate/strong barriers to screening. CONCLUSIONS: Most respondents reported type 2 diabetes screening practices that differed from current ADA recommendations. Our findings suggest that type 2 diabetes screening tests must be practical for clinicians and patients if they are to be used in pediatric practice. Further study of the benefits and cost-effectiveness of type 2 diabetes screening in children is warranted to clarify the role and optimal methods for screening in pediatric primary care. 相似文献
95.
Ralf F Schuler Frank A Roberts 《Practical procedures & aesthetic dentistry》2005,17(10):697-704; quiz 706
While less emphasis has traditionally been placed on aesthetics in order to focus on successful osseointegration, increased success rates provided by contemporary endosseous root-form dental implants have improved postoperative peri-implant hard and soft tissue structures. The criteria for the evaluation of implant success should, therefore, include lack of pain, mobility, radiolucency, bone loss, infection, or paresthesia, as well as acceptability and stable aesthetics. This article discusses surgical means to preserve or restore hard and soft tissues around dental implants to achieve ideal and predictable outcomes. 相似文献
96.
Rebecca M. Schwartz PhD Edmond S. Malka Michael Augenbraun Steven Rubin Matthew Hogben Nicole Liddon William M. McCormack Tracey E. Wilson 《Journal of urban health》2006,83(6):1095-1104
Efforts to control chlamydial and gonococcal infections include notifying eligible sexual partners of possible infection,
primarily by asking the diagnosed patient to notify their partners. This approach, known as patient referral, is widely used
but poorly understood. The current study examined psychosocial and cognitive factors associated with patient referral among
an urban, minority sample of 168 participants recently diagnosed with Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae. At a follow-up interview 1-month from diagnosis, participants were more likely to have notified all eligible partners if
they had greater intention to notify at baseline (OR = 3.72; 95% CI = 1.34, 10.30) and if they had only one partner at baseline
(OR = 4.08; 95% CI = 1.61, 10.31). There were also gender differences as well as differences based on type of partner (i.e.,
regular, casual, one-time). The implications of these findings for the design of programs to promote patient referral for
sexually transmitted infections are discussed.
Schwartz, Malka, Augenbraun, McCormack, and Wilson are with the State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn,
NY, USA; Rubin is with the New York City Department of Health, Bureau of STD Control, New York, NY, USA; Rubin, Hogben, and
Liddon are with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA; Schwartz is with the Department of Preventive
Medicine and Community Health, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Box 1240, 450 Clarkson Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA. 相似文献
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Research brief: A bibliometric analysis by geographic area of published research in several biomedical fields, 1995–2003
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Matthew E. Falagas Argyris S. Michalopoulos Ioannis A. Bliziotis Elpidoforos S. Soteriades 《Canadian Medical Association journal》2006,175(11):1389-1390
We summarized the findings of several studies of ours to compare the quantity and quality of published research from around the world for the years 1995 to 2003. We evaluated the number of articles published and their mean journal impact factor. We also studied the research productivity of various areas adjusted for gross domestic product (GDP) and population. We found that Western Europe leads the world in published research on infectious diseases–microbiology (82 342 articles [38.8%]) and in cardiopulmonary medicine (67 783 articles [39.5%]), whereas the United States ranks first in the fields of preventive medicine, public health and epidemiology both in quantity (23 918 articles [49.1%]) and quality of published papers. However, after adjustments for GDP, Canada ranked first, with the United States and Oceania following closely behind. All of the developing regions had only small research contributions in all of the biomedical fields examined. 相似文献
100.
The effect of light intensity on double bond conversion and flexural strength of a model, unfilled dental resin. 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Lale G Lovell Sheldon M Newman Matthew M Donaldson Christopher N Bowman 《Dental materials》2003,19(6):458-465
OBJECTIVE: Two visible light sources (tungsten-quartz-halogen and xenon-arc plasma) with vastly different intensities (200 and 1800 mW/cm(2)) but similar spectral outputs, were used to examine the effects of light intensity on conversion and flexural strength of a model dental resin formulation (75/25wt% bis-GMA/TEGDMA). METHODS: The exact same polymer samples were used to correlate double bond conversion (measured with near-IR spectroscopy) to flexural strength, both immediately after light exposure and after storage. RESULTS: In general, polymers which were irradiated with the high light intensity source exhibited greater double bond conversion. However, increasing the light intensity also increased the maximum temperature reached during polymerization. Therefore, the greater double bond conversion was caused by a combination of both photo and thermal effects. Regardless of the light intensity, a single linear relationship existed between conversion and final flexural strength (measured 4 days after cure) over the conversion range analyzed (50-80%). However, deviations from linearity were noted in several samples that were tested immediately after exposure. SIGNIFICANCE: These findings illustrate that light intensity does not affect the final flexural strength of a dental resin as long as the final conversions are similar. 相似文献