全文获取类型
收费全文 | 10766篇 |
免费 | 556篇 |
国内免费 | 104篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 103篇 |
儿科学 | 248篇 |
妇产科学 | 106篇 |
基础医学 | 1042篇 |
口腔科学 | 160篇 |
临床医学 | 744篇 |
内科学 | 2997篇 |
皮肤病学 | 149篇 |
神经病学 | 641篇 |
特种医学 | 377篇 |
外科学 | 2166篇 |
综合类 | 61篇 |
预防医学 | 233篇 |
眼科学 | 151篇 |
药学 | 700篇 |
中国医学 | 17篇 |
肿瘤学 | 1531篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 86篇 |
2022年 | 170篇 |
2021年 | 301篇 |
2020年 | 187篇 |
2019年 | 231篇 |
2018年 | 269篇 |
2017年 | 243篇 |
2016年 | 283篇 |
2015年 | 308篇 |
2014年 | 361篇 |
2013年 | 433篇 |
2012年 | 728篇 |
2011年 | 758篇 |
2010年 | 440篇 |
2009年 | 358篇 |
2008年 | 590篇 |
2007年 | 634篇 |
2006年 | 662篇 |
2005年 | 677篇 |
2004年 | 641篇 |
2003年 | 640篇 |
2002年 | 635篇 |
2001年 | 159篇 |
2000年 | 147篇 |
1999年 | 167篇 |
1998年 | 116篇 |
1997年 | 96篇 |
1996年 | 90篇 |
1995年 | 77篇 |
1994年 | 84篇 |
1993年 | 71篇 |
1992年 | 76篇 |
1991年 | 98篇 |
1990年 | 64篇 |
1989年 | 78篇 |
1988年 | 80篇 |
1987年 | 50篇 |
1986年 | 41篇 |
1985年 | 30篇 |
1984年 | 31篇 |
1983年 | 34篇 |
1982年 | 15篇 |
1980年 | 13篇 |
1979年 | 30篇 |
1978年 | 13篇 |
1976年 | 9篇 |
1973年 | 11篇 |
1971年 | 15篇 |
1969年 | 14篇 |
1966年 | 15篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
91.
Ohtani-Kaneko R Shiga T Yamashita K Masaki R Hirata K 《The Journal of comparative neurology》2000,426(4):622-631
To examine the role of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK/SAPK) in the developing nervous system of vertebrates, the localization of an active form of JNK, phosphorylated JNK (p-JNK), was studied in the lumbosacral spinal cord of the chick embryo. We also examined the localization of phosphorylated neurofilaments (NFs, potential targets of p-JNK) and cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5), which is known to phosphorylate cytoskeletal proteins, including NFs, and compared their expression with that of p-JNK. Additionally, the localization of phosphorylated forms of c-Jun and ATF-2 was compared with that of p-JNK. On embryonic day 3 (E3), the expression of p-JNK was observed in regions containing early-projecting axons. Axons in these regions also expressed phosphorylated NFs. Subsequently, on E5 and E8, the expression of both p-JNK and phosphorylated NFs increased concomitantly in the axonal tracts in the spinal white matter. Thus, white matter expressed both p-JNK and phosphorylated NFs, whereas there was only weak expression of Cdk5. By E13, the spinal cord expression pattern of p-JNK and phosphorylated NFs had changed compared to earlier ages. Although phosphorylated NFs were still expressed in the white matter, the expression of p-JNK was decreased in axons in the white matter, whereas strong p-JNK expression appeared in cell nuclei in the gray matter. In summary, the present study revealed that the localization of p-JNK in the spinal cord changes dramatically from axons to cell nuclei during development, suggesting multiple roles of p-JNK, depending on the developmental age. 相似文献
92.
The relationship between epidermal growth factor receptor mutations and clinicopathologic features in non-small cell lung cancers. 总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21
Masaki Tokumo Shinichi Toyooka Katsuyuki Kiura Hisayuki Shigematsu Kunitoshi Tomii Motoi Aoe Kouichi Ichimura Toshihide Tsuda Masaaki Yano Kazunori Tsukuda Masahiro Tabata Hiroshi Ueoka Mitsune Tanimoto Hiroshi Date Adi F Gazdar Nobuyoshi Shimizu 《Clinical cancer research》2005,11(3):1167-1173
PURPOSE: Recent studies reported that clinical responsiveness to gefitinib was associated with somatic mutation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). Here, we investigated the relationship between EGFR mutation and clinicopathologic features. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: EGFR mutational status of 120 NSCLCs was determined mainly in EGFR exons 18 to 21 by direct sequence and correlated with clinicopathologic parameters. RESULTS: EGFR mutations were present in 38 cases (32%) and the majority of mutations were in-frame deletions of exon 19 (19 cases) and a missense mutation in exon 21 (18 cases). EGFR mutations were frequently associated with adenocarcinoma (P < 0.0001), never smoker (P < 0.0001), and female gender (P = 0.0001). Of interest, increasing smoke exposure was inversely related to the rate of EGFR mutation (P < 0.0001). Multivariate analysis showed that smoking and histology were independent variables. Furthermore, gender difference was observed for the mutational location (P = 0.01) dominance of exon 19 for males and exon 21 for females. Twenty-one cases were treated with gefitinib and found that EGFR mutation was significantly related to gefitinib responsiveness (P = 0.002). In addition, median survival times of patients with and without EGFR mutations treated with gefitinib were 25.1 and 14.0 months, respectively. Patients with EGFR mutations had approximately 2-fold survival advantage; however, the difference was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: We show that EGFR mutations were significantly related to histology and smoke exposure and were a strong predictive factor for gefitinib responsiveness in NSCLC. 相似文献
93.
Hisashi Nagahara Koshi Mimori Mitsuhiko Ohta Tohru Utsunomiya Hiroshi Inoue Graham F Barnard Masaichi Ohira Kosei Hirakawa Masaki Mori 《Clinical cancer research》2005,11(4):1368-1371
PURPOSE: Somatic mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene may predict the sensitivity of non-small cell lung carcinoma to gefitinib. However, no mutations have been reported for colorectal carcinoma. We therefore analyzed EGFR mutations in colorectal adenocarcinomas by the combined use of laser microdissection and sequencing of genomic DNA. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: We examined 11 representative colorectal adenocarcinoma cell lines and 33 clinical samples of colorectal carcinoma. In the clinical cases, we carefully dissected only carcinoma cells from frozen sections by laser microdissection. After DNA extraction and PCR, we examined EGFR mutations by sequencing genomic DNA. RESULTS: None of 11 colorectal carcinoma cell lines exhibited somatic mutations, but 4 of 33 clinical tumors (12%) exhibited mutations in the EGFR kinase domain. This may be the first report of somatic mutations in colorectal adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that a distinct minority of colorectal adenocarcinomas exhibit somatic mutations of EGFR, and these tumors may be susceptible to gefitinib treatment. 相似文献
94.
95.
A novel compound RS-0466 reverses beta-amyloid-induced cytotoxicity through the Akt signaling pathway in vitro 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
Nakagami Y Nishimura S Murasugi T Kubo T Kaneko I Meguro M Marumoto S Kogen H Koyama K Oda T 《European journal of pharmacology》2002,450(1):11-17
In order to determine whether 5-[bis(carboxymethyl) amino]-2-carboxy4-cyano-3-thiopheneacetic acid distrontium salt (S12911-2) inhibits bone resorption by acting on the differentiation and/or function of osteoclasts, its effects were assessed on the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3)-induced expression of carbonic anhydrase II and vitronectin receptor in chicken bone marrow cells, and on the resorbing activity of authentic rat osteoclasts cultured on bone slices. S12911-2 dose-dependently inhibited, after a 6-day exposure, the expression of carbonic anhydrase II and vitronectin receptor in stimulated osteoclasts (46% and 40%, respectively, at 10(-3) M Sr(2+), P<0.05). A pre-incubation of bone slices with S12911-2 induced a dose-dependent inhibition of bone resorbing activity from 32% at 10(-4) M Sr(2+) to 66% at 10(-3) M Sr(2+) (P<0.05 in each case). A continuous incubation (10(-3) M Sr(2+)) induced a greater inhibition of bone resorbing activity (73%, P<0.05). The inhibition of bone resorption obtained specifically with S12911-2 is related to an inhibition of the differentiation and resorbing activity of the osteoclasts. 相似文献
96.
Purpose To determine whether the amplitude of the s-wave on a multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) is correlated with the degree of visual field depression in eyes with glaucoma.Methods Twenty patients (20 eyes) with glaucoma,ages 46 to 69 years, were studied. Twenty healthy volunteers (20 eyes) with normal intraocular pressure and with no eye diseases served as controls. The retinal sensitivities of the upper and lower visual fields of the glaucomatous eyes were determined with a Humphrey Field Analyzer. The severity of retinal sensitivity depression was rated as mild (Group A), intermediate (Group B), or severe (Group C). To record the s-wave, mfERGs were elicited by pseudorandom stimulation, with the stimulus alternating according to a binary m-sequence for base periods (bpds) of 13.3, 26.7, 53.3, 106.7, and 213.3ms. The mfERGwaves recorded from the upper and lower visual field were summed separately.Results In the control group, the s-wave in the summed mfERG was observed in all visual field halves at all bpds 53.3ms or longer. The s-wave amplitude at a bpd of 213.3ms was significantly larger than that at a bpd of 53.3ms (P < 0.05). The s-wave was also present in the glaucoma patients eyes, and the s-wave amplitude increased as the bpd increased. At bpds of 53.3, 106.7, and 213.3-ms, the mean s-wave amplitudes in Groups B and C were significantly smaller than those in the control group (P < 0.05, 0.01, and 0.05, respectively). At bpds of 53.3 and 106.7ms, the mean amplitude of the s-waves in Group C was significantly smaller than that in Group A (P < 0.05). At a bpd of 106.7ms, a significant correlation was observed between the retinal sensitivity and the s-wave amplitude (P < 0.05).Conclusions The significant correlation between the retinal sensitivity and the amplitude of the swave at a bpd of 106.7ms supports the suggestion that the s-wave originates from the retinal ganglion cells and their axons. The amplitude of the s-wave may serve as an objective indicator of the severity of retinal ganglion cell damage. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2004;48:215–221 © Japanese Ophthalmological Society 2004 相似文献
97.
A 45‐year‐old woman developed chest pain on the previous day. High‐attenuation mucus in the bronchus was found on the CT examination on admission, which led to a diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis. CT should be checked carefully for high‐attenuation mucus because this finding is highly specific for allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis. 相似文献
98.
99.
Hirotomo Dochi Satoru Kondo Takayuki Murata Masaki Fukuyo Asuka Nanbo Kousho Wakae WenPing Jiang Toshihide HamabeHoriike Mariko Tanaka Takumi Nishiuchi Harue Mizokami Makiko MoriyamaKita Eiji Kobayashi Nobuyuki Hirai Takeshi Komori Takayoshi Ueno Yosuke Nakanishi Miyako Hatano Kazuhira Endo Hisashi Sugimoto Naohiro Wakisaka ShinHun Juang Masamichi Muramatsu Atsushi Kaneda Tomokazu Yoshizaki 《Cancer science》2022,113(8):2862
100.
Takeyama K Ogura M Morishima Y Kasai M Kiyama Y Ohnishi K Mitsuya H Kawano F Masaki Y Sasaki T Chou T Yokozawa T Tobinai K;Lenograstim/Lymphoma Study Group 《Japanese journal of clinical oncology》2003,33(2):78-85
BACKGROUND: Peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) reinfusion has been widely used for hematopoietic reconstitution after high-dose chemotherapy. However, the optimal dose of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) for PBSC mobilization in combination with chemotherapy for autograft remains unknown. METHODS: To find the optimal dose of glycosylated G-CSF (lenograstim) for PBSC mobilization in combination with chemotherapy for aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), we conducted a dose-finding study on 43 newly diagnosed patients who had unfavorable prognostic factors. They received four to six courses of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisolone combined with lenograstim every 2 weeks (biweekly CHOP therapy). PBSC apheresis was started after the third course of biweekly CHOP therapy. Lenograstim was given daily from day 3 until the day of the last apheresis. The optimum dose of lenograstim was assessed based on mobilization efficacy and safety profiles at a daily single dose of 2, 5 and 10 microg/kg for eight patients in each level. RESULTS: The collected number of CD34+ cells in the first apheresis products was higher in the 5 microg/kg group than in the 2 microg/kg group (median, 4.22 x 10(6) vs 2.49 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg, P = 0.051). The highest dose of 10 microg/kg (median, 2.99 x 10(6) CD34+ cells/kg) failed to show a dose dependence in PBSC mobilization. The efficacy and safety of the 5 microg/kg dose were further confirmed in an additional 19 patients. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that the recommended dose of lenograstim for PBSC mobilization with CHOP therapy in untreated NHL is 5 microg/kg. 相似文献