体外循环下治疗布-加综合征合并下腔静脉血栓形成(附49例病例报告)

目的总结在体外循环辅助下,经右房切口治疗合并下腔静脉血栓形成的布-加氏综合征的治疗经验。方法回顾我院自2002年9月至2010年7月共计49例在体外循环辅助下,经右心房切口治疗合并下腔静脉血栓的布加氏综合征的临床病例和随访资料。结果全组病人均成功的在体外循环辅助下完成经右房切口下腔静脉狭窄段扩张及血栓取出术。术中在手指破膜后再使用3.0×4.0cm球囊进行扩张。围手术期病人无死亡,无急性肺栓塞等严重并发症的发生。术后随访0～36个月,所有病人术后症状明显缓解,腹水及下肢水肿减轻至消失。1例病人术后1年后出现再狭窄,经股静脉行下腔静脉球囊扩张后好转。全组病人术后随访未见有血栓形成。结论在体外循环下,经右房切口对于合并下腔静脉血栓的布-加氏综合征是一种安全有效的治疗方法。     

Enhancement of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity: effects on cellular oxidant defense

To delineate further the role of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in red blood cell (RBC) oxidant defense, normal human erythrocytes were osmotically lysed and resealed in the presence of varying concentrations of exogenous SOD. This resulted in a dose-dependent increase in SOD activity in the resealed erythrocytes while maintaining nearly normal RBC hemoglobin concentration (less than 10% decrease from the control value), cell volume, and cellular deformability. Surprisingly, a five- or ninefold increase in SOD activity yielded no additional protection against superoxide-generating drugs (phenazine methosulfate or menadione sodium bisulfite). No significant differences were observed between the control and SOD-loaded RBCs in O2-driven methemoglobin formation or generation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances. In contrast, RBCs with elevated SOD activity pretreated with sodium azide (to block catalase activity) or 1-chloro-2,4- dinitrobenzene (to deplete reduced glutathione, GSH) showed significantly enhanced methemoglobin generation in response to superoxide generating drugs. No differential response was noted between the control, control-resealed, and SOD-loaded RBCs to oxidants other than superoxide. Based on our results and other data, we conclude that elevated SOD activity may imbalance cellular oxidant defense, resulting in enhanced oxidation due to the accelerated generation of H2O2, the product of O2- dismutation. This effect is significantly exacerbated under conditions in which H2O2 catabolism is altered.     

Evaluation of multiple transfer of DNA using mock case scenarios

DNA transfer and its possible role in explaining the presence of a biological sample at a crime scene is becoming more prevalent in criminal investigations and related court proceedings. To assist understanding of DNA transfer and assess the extent to which we can utilise already available information regarding transfer of DNA we compare transfer rates determined from mock multi-step transfer scenarios with transfer rates predicted by the application of currently available transfer rate data. The transfer results obtained from the scenarios tested were, in some instances, different (both lower and higher rates) from those predicted. These discrepancies are most likely the result of the impact of as yet untested variables. These may include the variations in substrate type, transfer area size and environmental factors such as temperature and humidity among others. Whilst detailed re-enactments of proposed transfer scenarios, that take into account the many possibly relevant aspects affecting transfer are desirable, to provide an accurate likelihood estimate, these are not always possible. The application of detailed transfer rate tables that include data on the many factors affecting transfer could provide a useful substitute for evaluating the likelihood of specific transfer events. The value and accuracy derived from applying such tables will improve as more research in this area is conducted and the tables expanded and refined.     

Therapeutic Potentials of Ecto‐Nucleoside Triphosphate Diphosphohydrolase,Ecto‐Nucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterase,Ecto‐5′‐Nucleotidase,and Alkaline Phosphatase Inhibitors

The modulatory role of extracellular nucleotides and adenosine in relevance to purinergic cell signaling mechanisms has long been known and is an object of much research worldwide. These extracellular nucleotides are released by a variety of cell types either innately or as a response to patho‐physiological stress or injury. A variety of surface‐located ecto‐nucleotidases (of four major types; nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolases or NTPDases, nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases or NPPs, alkaline phosphatases APs or ALPs, and ecto‐5′‐nucleotidase or e5NT) are responsible for meticulously controlling the availability of these important signaling molecules (at their respective receptors) in extracellular environment and are therefore crucial for maintaining the integrity of normal cell functioning. Overexpression of many of these ubiquitous ecto‐enzymes has been implicated in a variety of disorders including cell adhesion, activation, proliferation, apoptosis, and degenerative neurological and immunological responses. Selective inhibition of these ecto‐enzymes is an area that is currently being explored with great interest and hopes remain high that development of selective ecto‐nucleotidase inhibitors will prove to have many beneficial therapeutic implications. The aim of this review is to emphasize and focus on recent developments made in the field of inhibitors of ecto‐nucleotidases and to highlight their structure activity relationships wherever possible. Most recent and significant advances in field of NTPDase, NPP, AP, and e5NT inhibitors is being discussed in detail in anticipation of providing prolific leads and relevant background for research groups interested in synthesis of selective ecto‐nucleotidase inhibitors.     

The Comprehensive Antibiotic Resistance Database

The field of antibiotic drug discovery and the monitoring of new antibiotic resistance elements have yet to fully exploit the power of the genome revolution. Despite the fact that the first genomes sequenced of free living organisms were those of bacteria, there have been few specialized bioinformatic tools developed to mine the growing amount of genomic data associated with pathogens. In particular, there are few tools to study the genetics and genomics of antibiotic resistance and how it impacts bacterial populations, ecology, and the clinic. We have initiated development of such tools in the form of the Comprehensive Antibiotic Research Database (CARD; http://arpcard.mcmaster.ca). The CARD integrates disparate molecular and sequence data, provides a unique organizing principle in the form of the Antibiotic Resistance Ontology (ARO), and can quickly identify putative antibiotic resistance genes in new unannotated genome sequences. This unique platform provides an informatic tool that bridges antibiotic resistance concerns in health care, agriculture, and the environment.     

Myelinated and nonmyelinated nerves: comparison of proton MR properties

The magnetic resonance (MR) relaxation rates of protons were compared in the myelinated and nonmyelinated nerves of the garfish. The long, large olfactory nerve of the garfish, as an easily accessible source of nonmyelinated axons, is uniquely suited for such a comparison. The T1 and T2 measurements revealed distinct and consistent differences between nonmyelinated olfactory nerves and myelinated optic and oculomotor nerves. Comparisons between water content, lipid content, and relaxation rates indicated that the differences in MR properties represent complex differences in the distribution and physical environment of the constituent lipid and water protons.