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991.
992.
Federico Pea Lucia Dose Piergiorgio Cojutti Massimo Baraldo Fabrizio Fontana Carlo Favaretti Mario Furlanut 《Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology》2014,115(5):432-437
This study was aimed at increasing the clinical usefulness of clinical pharmacological advice (CPA) for personalized drug dosing based on therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). Educational and organizational interventions focused on improving the knowledge of clinical pharmacology among hospital healthcare workers and reducing the incidence of errors throughout the process were planned. After a pre‐interventional period of risk assessment, different list forms of the types of error occurring in the various phases of the process (Phase 1, request for CPA and blood sampling for TDM; Phase 2, sample delivery to and check in at the CPU; Phase 3, TDM execution and CPA production) were created. In the interventional period, the errors were collected daily and educational programmes were carried out. The pre‐intervention error rate was 19.5%, and resulted significantly higher for the requests coming from the medical wards compared with those from the surgical wards or the ICUs (26.0% versus 10.5% versus 13.7%, p < 0.001). The educational programme trained 303 nurses and 145 physicians. Afterwards, the error percentage progressively dropped (15.5% in the 2nd trimester; 12.3% in the 3rd one; 10.5% in the 4th one). The adopted strategy resulted in significant improvements which may be useful both to improve quality of patient care and to reduce waste in healthcare costs. 相似文献
993.
994.
Mario Melazzini 《Journal of Medicine and the Person》2014,12(3):150-153
A physician affected by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) explores the meaning of his disease. The deterioration of his physical health and of his independence provided a new and deeper view of healing, as well as a new mission for his medical profession. He has become at the same time a “voice for the voiceless” and a source of hope and inspiration for patients and health professionals alike. Espousing the principle that healing is always possible even when the disease is incurable, the author proposes a three-prong approach to healing: symptom management, allegiance to the patient up to the ends, and common search of meaning. He emphasizes that both patients and health care workers need to be healed. 相似文献
995.
Sara De Biasi Domenico Lo Tartaro Marianna Meschiari Lara Gibellini Caterina Bellinazzi Rebecca Borella Lucia Fidanza Marco Mattioli Annamaria Paolini Licia Gozzi Dina Jaacoub Matteo Faltoni Sara Volpi Jovana Milić Marco Sita Mario Sarti Carlo Pucillo Massimo Girardis Giovanni Guaraldi Cristina Mussini Andrea Cossarizza 《European journal of immunology》2020,50(9):1283-1294
Studies on the interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and humoral immunity are fundamental to elaborate effective therapies including vaccines. We used polychromatic flow cytometry, coupled with unsupervised data analysis and principal component analysis (PCA), to interrogate B cells in untreated patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. COVID-19 patients displayed normal plasma levels of the main immunoglobulin classes, of antibodies against common antigens or against antigens present in common vaccines. However, we found a decreased number of total and naïve B cells, along with decreased percentages and numbers of memory switched and unswitched B cells. On the contrary, IgM+ and IgM− plasmablasts were significantly increased. In vitro cell activation revealed that B lymphocytes showed a normal proliferation index and number of dividing cells per cycle. PCA indicated that B-cell number, naive and memory B cells but not plasmablasts clustered with patients who were discharged, while plasma IgM level, C-reactive protein, D-dimer, and SOFA score with those who died. In patients with pneumonia, the derangement of the B-cell compartment could be one of the causes of the immunological failure to control SARS-Cov2, have a relevant influence on several pathways, organs and systems, and must be considered to develop vaccine strategies. 相似文献
996.
Johannes Rodrigues Marvin Liesner Mario Reutter Patrick Mussel Johannes Hewig 《Psychophysiology》2020,57(8):e13557
Punishment in economic games has been interpreted as “altruistic.” However, it was shown that punishment is related to trait anger instead of trait altruism in a third-party dictator game if compensation is also available. Here, we investigated the influence of state anger on punishment and compensation in the third-party dictator game. Therefore, we used movie sequences for emotional priming, including the target states anger, happy, and neutral. We measured the Feedback-Related Negativity (FRN) and midfrontal theta band activation, to investigate an electro-cortical correlate of the processing of fair and unfair offers. Also, we assessed single-trial FRN and midfrontal theta band activation as a predictor for punishment and compensation. We found that punishment was linked to state anger. Midfrontal theta band activation, which has previously been linked to altruistic acts and cognitive control, predicted less punishment. Additionally, trait anger led to enhanced FRN for unfair offers. This led to the interpretation that the FRN depicts the evaluation of fairness, while midfrontal theta band activation captures an aspect of cognitive control and altruistic motivation. We conclude that we need to redefine “altruistic punishment” into “costly punishment,” as no direct link of altruism and punishment is given. Additionally, midfrontal theta band activation complements the FRN and offers additional insights into complex responses and decision processes, especially as a single trial predictor. 相似文献
997.
Alba García-Cid Isabel Hombrados-Mendieta Luis Gómez-Jacinto Mario Millán-Franco Natalia del Pino-Brunet 《Journal of community psychology》2020,48(6):1964-1984
This study analysed the association between discrimination and satisfaction with life (SWL) in migrant groups by investigating whether different types of social support (SS; emotional, instrumental, and informational) and networks (family, immigrant and native friends, neighbours, and the community) buffer the negative effects of discrimination on SWL among migrant men and women from different backgrounds. Participants were 631 migrants from Latin America and China residing in Malaga (Spain). We identified behaviour patterns that suggest that SS has different effects on men and women from the same place of origin and similar effects on women and men from different places of origin. In conclusion, the main differences in the effects of SS as a buffer mechanism are not determined by cultural factors. It is more likely that they are determined by differential gender-role socialization, which would lead women to positively value social support. 相似文献
998.
Rosan Meyer Adriana Chebar Lozinsky David M. Fleischer Mario C. Vieira George Du Toit Yvan Vandenplas Christophe Dupont Rebecca Knibb Piınar Uysal Ozlem Cavkaytar Anna Nowak-Wegrzyn Neil Shah Carina Venter 《Allergy》2020,75(1):14-32
It is well-established that food proteins, such as egg, soya, cow's milk and wheat, are detectable in breastmilk for many hours or days after ingestion. Exposure to these proteins is important to the process of developing tolerance but can also sometimes elicit IgE-mediated and non–IgE-mediated allergic symptoms in breastfed infants. Non–IgE-mediated allergy, outside of food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis and eosinophilic oesophagitis, is not well understood, leading to variations in the diagnosis and management thereof. A primary objective of the European Academy for Allergy and Clinical Immunology is to support breastfeeding in all infants, including those with food allergies. A Task Force was established, to explore the clinical spectrum of non–IgE-mediated allergies, and part of its objectives was to establish diagnosis and management of non–IgE-mediated allergies in breastfed infants. Eight questions were formulated using the Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome (PICO) system and Scottish Intercollegiate Guideline Network (SIGN) criteria for data inclusion, and consensus was achieved on practice points through the Delphi method. This publication aims to provide a comprehensive overview on this topic with practice points for healthcare professionals. 相似文献
999.
1000.
Isabel Gtjens Mario Hasler Romina di Giuseppe Anja Bosy-Westphal Sandra Plachta-Danielzik 《Obesity facts》2020,13(6):596
Socioeconomic status (SES) is strongly associated with childhood overweight. The underlying mechanism and the role of family and lifestyle factors as potential mediators of this relationship remain, however, unclear. Cross-sectional data of 4,772 girls and boys aged 5–16 years from the Kiel Obesity Prevention Study were considered in mediation analyses. Fat mass (FM) was assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis and converted into a percent FM SD score (FM%-SDS). SES was defined by the parental educational level, classified as low, middle, or high. Characteristics of family and lifestyle factors were obtained via validated questionnaires and considered as mediators. In 3 different age groups, the product-of-coefficients method was used to examine age-specific mediator effects on the relationship between SES and FM%-SDS (c = total effects) and their ratio to total effects, adjusted for age, sex, puberty, and nationality. The prevalence of overweight was 6.9%. In all age groups, SES was inversely associated with FM%-SDS as follows: 5–7 years, c<sub>1</sub> = −0.11 (95% CI −0.19 to −0.03); 9–11 years, c<sub>2</sub> = −0.21 (95% CI −0.27 to −0.14); and 13–16 years, c<sub>3</sub> = −0.23 (95% CI −0.28 to −0.17). The relationship between SES and FM%-SDS was fully (5–7 and 9–11 years) and partly (13–16 years) mediated by similar and age-specific mediators, including parental BMI, parental smoking habits, media consumption, physical activity, and shared meals. Overall, these variables resulted in a total mediating effect of 77.8% (5–7 years), 82.4% (9–11 years), and 70.6% (13–16 years). Consistent for both sexes, the relationship between SES and FM%-SDS was therefore mediated by parental weight status, risk-related behavior within families, and children''s and adolescents'' lifestyle factors. Strategies for obesity prevention, which are predominantly targeted at socially disadvantaged groups, should therefore address the family environment and lifestyle factors. 相似文献