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91.
Efficacy and safety of switching from basal insulin to once‐daily insulin degludec/insulin aspart in Japanese patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes: A 4‐week,randomized, open‐label,treat‐to‐target study
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Yoshio Nagai Ami Nishine Eriko Hashimoto Taiga Nakayama Yosuke Sasaki Mariko Murakami Satoshi Ishii Hiroyuki Kato Yasushi Tanaka 《Journal of diabetes investigation.》2018,9(3):567-572
Aims/Introduction
A prospective, 4‐week, single‐center, randomized, open‐label, parallel‐group, treat‐to‐target study was carried out to develop an algorithm for safe and effective switching from basal insulin to once‐daily insulin degludec/insulin aspart (IDegAsp) in patients with inadequately controlled type 2 diabetes.Materials and Methods
Patients were randomly assigned to continue their current basal insulin therapy (n = 10) or to switch to IDegAsp on a 1:1 unit basis (n = 10). The insulin dose could be titrated once weekly, targeting a self‐measured blood glucose of 80–100 mg/dL before breakfast. A mixed meal test was carried out at baseline and after 4 weeks.Results
After 4 weeks, the mean daily dose of insulin was similarly increased by 60% in both groups, and there was a significant decrease of mean plasma glucose and glucose area under the glucose concentration vs time curve for 2 h in the meal test. The mean estimated treatment difference (IDegAsp group ? basal insulin group) of the mean plasma glucose level was ?28 mg/dL (95% confidence interval ?47 to ?8, P = 0.008) after 4 weeks and that of the area under the glucose concentration vs time curve for 2 h was ?2,800 mg/min/dL (95% confidence interval ?5,300 to ?350, P = 0.028), confirming the superiority of IDegAsp to basal insulin. In the IDegAsp group, the 2‐h postprandial plasma glucose level was significantly decreased to the fasting plasma glucose range. There were no confirmed hypoglycemic episodes in either group during the 4‐week study period.Conclusions
After switching from basal insulin, the IDegAsp dose can be uptitrated by 60% based on fasting plasma glucose data. However, monitoring of postprandial glucose should be considered before further uptitration of IDegAsp.92.
Reconstruction of hepatic stellate cell‐incorporated liver capillary structures in small hepatocyte tri‐culture using microporous membranes
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Junichi Kasuya Ryo Sudo Genta Masuda Toshihiro Mitaka Mariko Ikeda Kazuo Tanishita 《Journal of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine》2015,9(3):247-256
In liver sinusoids, hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) locate the outer surface of microvessels to form a functional unit with endothelia and hepatocytes. To reconstruct functional liver tissue in vitro, formation of the HSC‐incorporated sinusoidal structure is essential. We previously demonstrated capillary formation of endothelial cells (ECs) in tri‐culture, where a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) microporous membrane was intercalated between the ECs and hepatic organoids composed of small hepatocytes (SHs), i.e. hepatic progenitor cells, and HSCs. However, the high thickness and low porosity of the membranes limited heterotypic cell–cell interactions, which are essential to form HSC–EC hybrid structures. Here, we focused on the effective use of the thin and highly porous poly( d , l ‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) microporous membranes in SH–HSC–EC tri‐culture to reconstruct the HSC‐incorporated liver capillary structures in vitro. First, the formation of EC capillary‐like structures was induced on Matrigel‐coated PLGA microporous membranes. Next, the membranes were stacked on hepatic organoids composed of small SHs and HSCs. When the pore size and porosity of the membranes were optimized, HSCs selectively migrated to the EC capillary‐like structures. This process was mediated in part by platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) signalling. In addition, the HSCs were located along the outer surface of the EC capillary‐like structures with their long cytoplasmic processes. In the HSC‐incorporated capillary tissues, SHs acquired high levels of differentiated functions, compared to those without ECs. This model will provide a basis for the construction of functional, thick, vascularized liver tissues in vitro. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
93.
Yuko Kitagawa Hitoshi Idani Haruhiro Inoue Harushi Udagawa Ichiro Uyama Harushi Osugi Natsuya Katada Hiroya Takeuchi Yasunori Akutsu Shinya Asami Ken Ishikawa Akihiko Okamura Taiki Ono Fumihiko Kato Toshiki Kawabata Koichi Suda Tomoko Takesue Tsuyoshi Tanaka Mai Tsutsui Kei Hosoda Satoru Matsuda Tatsuo Matsuda Mariko Mani Tatsuya Miyazaki 《Asian journal of endoscopic surgery》2015,8(2):114-124
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Infection with hepatitis B virus genotype A in Tokyo, Japan during 1976 through 2001 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kobayashi M Suzuki F Arase Y Akuta N Suzuki Y Hosaka T Saitoh S Kobayashi M Tsubota A Someya T Ikeda K Matsuda M Sato J Kumada H 《Journal of gastroenterology》2004,39(9):844-850
Background Because genotype A of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is not indigenous, there have been only few data on infection with it in Japan.Methods We examined clinical and virological features of the 66 Japanese patients who admitted Toranomon Hospital in Tokyo, Japan, between 1976 and 2001, who were found to have HBV/A infection. HBV genotype A was classified into subtype A (European type) and A (South African type) by phylogenetic analysis of the preS1 and preS2 regions, and the S gene sequences.Results Of the 66 patients infected with HBV/A, 14 (21%) were asymptomatic carriers, 26 (39%) presented with acute hepatitis, 22 (33%) with chronic hepatitis, and 4 (6%) with liver cirrhosis. HBV/A infection persisted for more than 6 months in 5 of the 26 (19%) patients with acute hepatitis. The frequency of acute hepatitis in patients infected with HBV/A was higher after than before 1991 (2/22 [9%] vs 24/44 [55%]; P < 0.0001). The frequency of nucleotide 1858 of T was higher in asymptomatic carriers than in patients with acute hepatitis in whom infection was resolved (5/14 [36%] vs 0/21 [0%]; P = 0.008). Of the 57 patients for whom subtypes of genotype A were determined, subtype A was identified in 53 (93%) and subtype A in only 4 (7%). All patients infected with subtype A were persistently infected with HBV.Conclusions HBV/A infection has become more frequent during recent years, predominantly presenting as acute hepatitis, and subtype A is uncommon in the Tokyo metropolitan area. 相似文献
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Tomoko Ota Yuka Kamada Mariko Hayashida Kyoko Iwao-Koizumi Shigenori Murata Kenji Kinoshita 《International journal of medical sciences》2015,12(1):78-82
The Cytochrome P450 is the major enzyme involved in drug metabolism. CYP enzymes are responsible for the metabolism of most clinically used drugs. Individual variability in CYP activity is one important factor that contributes to drug therapy failure. We have developed a new straightforward TaqMan PCR genotyping assay to investigate the prevalence of the most common allelic variants of polymorphic CYP enzymes CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6 and CYP3A5 in the Japanese population. Moreover, we focused on the combination of each genotype for clinical treatment. The genotype analysis identified a total of 139 out of 483 genotype combinations of five genes in the 1,003 Japanese subjects. According to our results, most of subjects seemed to require dose modification during clinical treatment. In the near future, modifications should be considered based on the individual patient genotype of each treatment. 相似文献
100.