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91.
92.
Donna K. McNeese-Smith Mary E. Wickman Marie Earvolino-Ramirez Mel Moncrieff Scott Robertson 《Journal of addictions nursing》2006,17(2):105-113
This article reports the results of semi-structured interviews with substance abuse treatment (SAT) program directors (PDs) regarding the ways SAT is being influenced by managed care (MC), plans for future SAT, and strategies for decreasing costs of care. It compares findings to an earlier survey of 50 SAT PDs.
Interviews were conducted in 20 SAT programs to gather information about treatment delivery since the advent of MC, including PD responsibilities, funding source, treatment intensity, location, duration, and methods of treatment. Open-ended responses were used to gather information about current and future plans in providing SAT, and awareness of new types of treatment being planned by organizations impacted by MC.
PDs reported changes in SAT secondary to MC such as decreased treatment length, limiting of inpatient and outpatient services, and delayed treatment secondary to benefit determination. Political and economic constraints were seen as barriers to providing adequate and effective services. SAT being subsumed by mental health was viewed as problematic along with an emerging split between alcohol abuse and drug treatment. A positive emerging treatment trend was the development of targeted programs for special need groups.
PDs revealed a variety of strategies that have promoted necessary adaptations to economic and political influences within the structure of managed behavioral care. Strategies such as varying treatment length, modality, and subspecialty care reflected necessary adaptations to diverse market needs.
Managed care continues to have a tremendous impact on the delivery of SAT services. While MC has helped to contain costs, negative outcomes are decreased availability of appropriate care and overtaxing of units that have survived MC cut backs. However, special need programs have allowed SAT programs to specialize, expand, and even flourish in today's competitive SAT market. Interviews with PDs reinforced the need for maintaining quality and diversified SAT services in today's MC environment. 相似文献
Interviews were conducted in 20 SAT programs to gather information about treatment delivery since the advent of MC, including PD responsibilities, funding source, treatment intensity, location, duration, and methods of treatment. Open-ended responses were used to gather information about current and future plans in providing SAT, and awareness of new types of treatment being planned by organizations impacted by MC.
PDs reported changes in SAT secondary to MC such as decreased treatment length, limiting of inpatient and outpatient services, and delayed treatment secondary to benefit determination. Political and economic constraints were seen as barriers to providing adequate and effective services. SAT being subsumed by mental health was viewed as problematic along with an emerging split between alcohol abuse and drug treatment. A positive emerging treatment trend was the development of targeted programs for special need groups.
PDs revealed a variety of strategies that have promoted necessary adaptations to economic and political influences within the structure of managed behavioral care. Strategies such as varying treatment length, modality, and subspecialty care reflected necessary adaptations to diverse market needs.
Managed care continues to have a tremendous impact on the delivery of SAT services. While MC has helped to contain costs, negative outcomes are decreased availability of appropriate care and overtaxing of units that have survived MC cut backs. However, special need programs have allowed SAT programs to specialize, expand, and even flourish in today's competitive SAT market. Interviews with PDs reinforced the need for maintaining quality and diversified SAT services in today's MC environment. 相似文献
93.
Tariquidar-induced P-glycoprotein inhibition at the rat blood-brain barrier studied with (R)-11C-verapamil and PET. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jens P Bankstahl Claudia Kuntner Aiman Abrahim Rudolf Karch Johann Stanek Thomas Wanek Wolfgang Wadsak Kurt Kletter Markus Müller Wolfgang L?scher Oliver Langer 《Journal of nuclear medicine》2008,49(8):1328-1335
The multidrug efflux transporter P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is expressed in high concentrations at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and is believed to be implicated in resistance to central nervous system drugs. We used small-animal PET and (R)-11C-verapamil together with tariquidar, a new-generation P-gp modulator, to study the functional activity of P-gp at the BBB of rats. To enable a comparison with human PET data, we performed kinetic modeling to estimate the rate constants of radiotracer transport across the rat BBB. METHODS: A group of 7 Wistar Unilever rats underwent paired (R)-11C-verapamil PET scans at an interval of 3 h: 1 baseline scan and 1 scan after intravenous injection of tariquidar (15 mg/kg, n = 5) or vehicle (n = 2). RESULTS: After tariquidar administration, the distribution volume (DV) of (R)-11C-verapamil was 12-fold higher than baseline (3.68 +/- 0.81 vs. 0.30 +/- 0.08; P = 0.0007, paired t test), whereas the DVs were essentially the same when only vehicle was administered. The increase in DV could be attributed mainly to an increased influx rate constant (K1) of (R)-11C-verapamil into the brain, which was about 8-fold higher after tariquidar. A dose-response assessment with tariquidar provided an estimated half-maximum effect dose of 8.4 +/- 9.5 mg/kg. CONCLUSION: Our data demonstrate that (R)-11C-verapamil PET combined with tariquidar administration is a promising approach to measure P-gp function at the BBB. 相似文献
94.
Knut E Kj?rstad Dag Ole Nordhaug Christian Korvald Stig Müller Tor Steensrud Truls Myrmel 《European journal of cardio-thoracic surgery》2007,31(4):677-684
OBJECTIVE: The time constant of mechanical restitution (T((MRC))), proposed to reflect changes in calcium release and uptake, has been shown to increase in left ventricular (LV) failure, and might have a potential as an index of contractile function. However, in vivo studies of the effect on T((MRC)) of changing loading conditions in the normal and failing heart have not been reported. Consequently, in this study, we tested the hypothesis that the increase in T((MRC)) in vivo is independent of preload and afterload. METHODS: Left ventricular pressure-volume loops were assessed at baseline in eight open chest pigs using the combined pressure-volume conductance catheter technique during right atrial pacing at 120b/min. Mechanical restitution curves (MRC) were constructed during four different loading conditions in all eight animals: uninfluenced load, reduced preload (balloon catheter in v. cava inferior), increased afterload (balloon catheter in descending aorta), and increased preload combined with reduced afterload (aortocaval shunting). Acute LV failure was then induced by microembolization through the left main coronary artery, and the experimental protocol was repeated. Contractile response was defined as the maximal first derivative of pressure (dP/dt(max)), and T((MRC)) was calculated using a least square approximation algorithm. RESULTS: Hemodynamic data 30min after microembolization showed decreased mean arterial pressure (98+/-14-67+/-10mmHg, (mean+/-SD) P<0.0001) and dP/dt(max) (1482+/-193-1001+/-125mmHg/s, P=0.001). Stroke volume decreased from 30+/-5 to 20+/-5ml (P<0.0001) compared to baseline, and preload recruitable stroke work decreased from 52+/-7 to 31+/-10mmHg (P=0.002). T((MRC)) increased in all eight animals after induction of LV failure at all loading conditions. There was no difference between the different loading conditions at baseline, nor at LV heart failure, but T((MRC)) increased significantly after the induction of heart failure (ANOVA, two ways). CONCLUSIONS: We have shown that the left ventricular T((MRC)) increases after developed heart failure. The increase in T((MRC)) was independent on loading conditions and thus have a potential for a contractility index. 相似文献
95.
Isabelle Mermet MD ; Nathalie Pottier MSc ; Jean Marie Sainthillier MSc ; Carole Malugani MSc ; Sandrive Cairey-Remonnay MD ; Stéphane Maddens PhD ; Didier Riethmuller MD PhD ; Pierre Tiberghien MD PhD ; Philippe Humbert MD PhD ; François Aubin MD PhD 《Wound repair and regeneration》2007,15(4):459-464
Amniotic membrane (AM), the most internal placental membrane, has unique properties including antiadhesive effects, bacteriostatic, wound protection and pain-reduction properties, as well as epithelialization initialization capacities. Furthermore, AM is widely available and less costly than other bioengineered skin substitutes. In a prospective pilot study, we evaluated the safety, feasibility, and the effects on healing of AM graft in 15 patients with chronic venous leg ulcers. AM grafts were prepared from placentas harvested during cesarean section. All grafted AM had adhered to the wound bed 7 days after being applied with a 100% engraftment rate. The percentage of granulation tissue increased significantly (from 17% on day 0 to 69% on day 14, p<0.0001), along with a significant decrease of fibrinous slough (from 36% at day 0 to 16% at day 14, p<0.001). A significant clinical response occurred in 12 patients (80%) including complete healing (20%) in three during the 3-month follow-up period. The ulcer surface area decreased significantly from a mean value (+/- standard deviation) of 4.59 +/- 2.49 cm(2) at baseline to 2.91+/-2.01 cm(2) on day 30 (p<0.001). All patients experienced a significant reduction of ulcer-related pain rapidly after AM transplantation. No adverse events were recorded. AM transplantation seems to function as a safe substrate, promoting proper epithelialization while suppressing excessive fibrosis. Further advantages of biotherapy with AM are its easy and low-cost production, and that it can be applied as an ambulatory treatment without immobilization. AM transplantation may thus be considered to be an alternative method for treating chronic leg ulcers. 相似文献
96.
Painful polyneuropathy is a common neuropathic pain condition. The present study describes health-related quality of life (HRQL) in a sample of patients with painful polyneuropathy of different origin and the possible predictive role of HRQL for analgesic effect. Ninety-three patients with a diagnosis of painful polyneuropathy were included in the analysis. Data were obtained from three randomised, placebo-controlled cross-over studies testing the effect of different drugs on polyneuropathic pain (St. John's wort, venlafaxine/imipramine and valproic acid). Patients completed a HRQL questionnaire (SF-36) after a drug-free baseline period and at the end of each treatment period. At baseline, all eight SF-36 scores were lower than in the normal population. No significant differences were found between SF-36 scales during placebo and treatment with valproic acid and St. John's wort. Those two drugs had not shown a pain relieving effect in former analysis. The SF-36 scale of bodily pain (BP) was improved by venlafaxine treatment (p=0.023). General health (GH) and vitality (VT) were improved under treatment with imipramine (GH: p=0.006, VT: p=0.015). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, baseline SF-36 scores predicted subsequent response to pharmacological treatment. Results show an impaired HRQL in painful polyneuropathy and suggest that HRQL may predict response to analgesic treatment. 相似文献
97.
Anne?Helene?Garde ?se?Marie?Hansen Johnni?Hansen 《International archives of occupational and environmental health》2009,82(10):1219-1228
Background
Sleep problems are common effects of shift work. The aim of the present study was to evaluate how different types of shift affect sleep and sleepiness, and to relate sleepiness to urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin. 相似文献98.
Justine Royle Rachel Williamson Mark Strachan Marie O’Donnell Simon Jackson Thanos Argryopoulos Alan McNeill 《British journal of medical & surgical urology》2009,2(5):204-207
Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a severe life-threatening infection which continues to carry significant morbidity and mortality. We present a case recently managed at our institution by laparoscopic nephrectomy. The patient survived, and in comparison to some of the more conventionally managed patients in the literature, made an extremely speedy recovery. We would advocate this option to be seriously considered when patients are suitable and appropriately trained surgeons are available. 相似文献
99.
100.