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991.
Benoit Baras Nancy Bouveret Jeanne‐Marie Devaster Louis Fries Paul Gillard Roland Sänger Emmanuel Hanon 《Influenza and other respiratory viruses》2008,2(6):251-260
Abstract Vaccination is considered to be one of the most effective tools to decrease morbidity as well as mortality caused by influenza viruses.For the prevention of seasonal influenza, Fluarix
™ and FluLaval™ have been marketed since 1987 and 1992, respectively. Both vaccines have consistently been shown to meet or exceed the regulatory criteria for immunogenicity against the three strains H1N1, H3N2 and B, have a good safety profile, and are recommended for vaccinating children and adults of all ages.For the prevention of pandemic influenza, GlaxoSmithKline (GSK) has obtained licensure of a pre‐pandemic vaccine, Prepandrix
™. This split‐virus H5N1 adjuvanted with AS03, a proprietary oil‐in‐water emulsion‐based adjuvant system, has demonstrated broad immunity against drifted H5N1 strains and has been shown to be effective in preventing mortality and viral shedding in animal studies.The influenza vaccine portfolio of GSK addresses specific medical needs related to seasonal or pandemic influenza viruses, which remain an important public health threat worldwide. 相似文献
992.
993.
Early anticancer research involving thalidomide was abandoned in the 1960s as the catastrophe surrounding the drug emerged, but research efforts were picked up in the 1990s when thalidomide's antiangiogenic and anti-tumour necrosis factor properties were explored. More than 50,000 patients with multiple myeloma are estimated to have been treated with thalidomide to date. Research with thalidomide provides clear and convincing evidence that thalidomide monotherapy is efficacious in relapsed and refractory patients with multiple myeloma. Results typically show a consistent 30% (95% confidence interval 27-32%) response rate (partial response + complete response, defined as a reduction of at least 50% in the monoclonal protein). Thalidomide treatment compares favourably with other typical treatments for multiple myeloma. In seven trials that included 332 patients, vincristine, adriamycin and dexamethasone (VAD) had a response rate of 39% (32-45%), while a trial in 193 patients showed a response rate with bortezomib of 27% (21-34%). The use of thalidomide in combination therapy could boost its efficacy further. More studies to look at the toxicity of the drug need to be carried out. Despite thalidomide's dark past, this drug is of major interest and could be brought back to clinical use in a controlled manner. 相似文献
994.
Lambotte O Demoustier A de Goër MG Wallon C Gasnault J Goujard C Delfraissy JF Taoufik Y 《AIDS (London, England)》2002,16(16):2151-2157
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the phenotypic features of infected lymphocytes in patients on prolonged and effective highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). DESIGN: We examined highly purified subsets of memory and naive CD4 T lymphocytes for the presence of replication-competent virus. METHODS: In 11 highly selected HAART-treated patients, we isolated highly purified CD45RO CD45RA CD4 T cells using a magnetic bead-based procedure. In some patients, a subsequent cell separation according to CD62L expression was performed. We quantified total viral DNA in freshly isolated T-cell subsets. To verify whether the virus was replication-competent, HIV RNA was measured in supernatants following cell activation. RESULTS: HIV DNA was detectable in the CD45RO and CD45RA CD4 T-cell subsets in 100% and 90% of the patients tested, respectively. In central memory CD45ROCD62L, effector memory CD45RO+CD62L-, truly naive CD45RACD62L, and CD45RA+CD62L- CD4 T cells, HIV DNA was found in 100%, 55%, 88%, and 50% of the patients tested respectively. HIV DNA was significantly higher in the CD45RO fraction than in the CD45RA subset and in the CD45ROCD62L fraction than in the three other CD45RA/ROCD62L+/- subsets. Detectable HIV RNA was found in the culture supernatants of CD45RO and CD45RA CD4 T-cell subsets in 80% and 66% of the patients tested respectively, and in CD45ROCD62L, CD45RO+CD62L-, CD45RACD62L, and CD45RA+CD62L- CD4 T cells in 100%, 100%, 100% and 50% of the patients tested respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In patients on prolonged and effective HAART, the pool of infected CD4 T lymphocytes consists predominantly of memory cells but also contains naive cells. 相似文献
995.
Élise Roy Marie Robert Louise Fournier Éric Vaillancourt Jill Vandermeerschen Jean-François Boivin 《Journal of urban health》2014,91(5):1019-1031
Little is known about the course of homelessness among youth between the ages of 18 and 25 despite the many characteristics distinguishing them from adolescents and from older street-involved populations. We examined the residential trajectories of homeless young adults in Montréal over a 21-month period and identified determinants of various trajectory profiles. The 365 study participants (79 % men, mean age 21.9 years) were followed for an average of 515 days (range 81–630 days). We assessed housing status with a questionnaire based on the residential follow-back calendar designed by the New Hampshire Dartmouth Research Center. Using latent growth analysis to examine achievement of residential stability over time, we observed three different trajectories: group 1 presented a low probability of housing throughout the entire study period; group 2 showed a high probability of early and stable housing; group 3 displayed a fluctuating pattern. Protective correlates of residential stability included high school education, birth in Canada, and presence of mental health problems. Drug abuse or dependence was associated with a decreased probability of housing. 相似文献
996.
Ayae Yamamoto Marie C. McCormick Heather H. Burris 《Maternal and child health journal》2014,18(7):1610-1618
Healthy diet, physical activity and appropriate weight gain during pregnancy contribute to healthy birth outcomes. The Institute of Medicine recommends that women receive counseling about diet and exercise during preconception, pregnancy and postpartum periods. We sought to determine how often healthcare providers report counseling women of childbearing age about diet or exercise and if such rates vary by pregnancy, overweight/obesity status or physician specialty. We combined the 2005–2010 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey to obtain nationally representative estimates of outpatient preventive care visits for women of child-bearing age (15–44 years). Accounting for survey design, we compared proportions of preventive visits that included diet/exercise counseling for pregnant women versus non-pregnant women and performed multivariable logistic regression models to estimate odds ratios. Providers reported counseling pregnant women about diet/exercise during 17.9 % of preventive care visits compared to 22.6 % of visits for non-pregnant women (P < 0.01, adj. OR 0.8, 95 % CI 0.7, 1.0). Overweight/obese pregnant (vs. non-pregnant) women were significantly less likely to receive diet/exercise counseling (adj. OR 0.7, CI 0.5, 0.9) as were women seen by OB/GYNs versus non-OB/GYNs (adj. OR 0.4, CI 0.3, 0.5). Our findings suggest that provider-reported diet/exercise counseling rates during preventive care visits for women of childbearing age vary by overweight/obesity and pregnancy statuses, as well as by provider specialty. Our data suggest that there may be missed opportunities to provide diet/exercise counseling and that increasing rates of counseling could result in improved maternal and infant health outcomes. 相似文献
997.
Aymeric Reyre Raphaël Jeannin Myriam Larguèche Emmanuel Hirsch Thierry Baubet Marie Rose Moro Olivier Taïeb 《Medicine, health care, and philosophy》2014,17(2):183-190
Social representations of addiction and the resulting stigmatization have been widely described and studied in the literature, but their effects are no less problematic. These representations, which also occur in care settings, generate a climate of distrust which damages the therapeutic relationship, and its ethical quality. This article, combining clinical experience and an ethical stance, offers an original, innovating approach to the existence of distrust in care relationships in the area of addiction. Pragmatic approaches deriving from the human sciences and analytical philosophy provide an invitation to escape from the demanding climate of mistrust, and to take the gamble on trust so as to improve the quality of interactions between protagonists in care. In complementary fashion, a sociology of action can combat the disquiet generated by distrust through a new commitment to innovating forms of action. This “poetic” mode of action is legitimized by the reflection that backs it up, and by its presentation to peers qualified to approve it. Finally, continental moral philosophy underlines the importance of a carefully weighed commitment on the part of caregivers and addicted patients towards promises aiming to support a sincere care relationship, without damaging the therapeutic dynamic or the ethical quality by providing too many safety nets. This reflection is intended to achieve better identification of the clinical and ethical issues raised by mistrust, and inclusion of these aspects in the training of personnel and in care provision planning. 相似文献
998.
999.
Redzal Abu Hanifah Hazreen Abdul Majid Muhammad Yazid Jalaludin Nabilla Al-Sadat Liam J Murray Marie Cantwell Tin Tin Su Azmi Mohamed Nahar 《BMC public health》2014,14(Z3):S5
Background
The importance of fitness level on the well-being of children and adolescent has long been recognised. The aim of this study was to investigate the fitness level of school-going Malaysian adolescent, and its association with body composition indices.Methods
1071 healthy secondary school students participated in the fitness assessment for the Malaysian Health and Adolescents Longitudinal Research Team (MyHEART) study. Body composition indices such as body mass index for age, waist circumference and waist height ratio were measured. Fitness level was assessed with Modified Harvard Step Test. Physical Fitness Score was calculated using total time of step test exercise and resting heart rates. Fitness levels were divided into 3 categories - unacceptable, marginally acceptable, and acceptable. Partial correlation analysis was used to determine the association between fitness score and body composition, by controlling age, gender, locality, ethnicity, smoking status and sexual maturation. Multiple regression analysis was conducted to determine which body composition was the strongest predictor for fitness.Results
43.3% of the participants were categorised into the unacceptable fitness group, 47.1% were considered marginally acceptable, and 9.6% were acceptable. There was a significant moderate inverse association (p < 0.001) between body composition with fitness score (r = -0.360, -0.413 and -0.403 for body mass index for age, waist circumference and waist height ratio, respectively). Waist circumference was the strongest and significant predictor for fitness (ß = -0.318, p = 0.002).Conclusion
Only 9.6% of the students were fit. There was also an inverse association between body composition and fitness score among apparently healthy adolescents, with waist circumference indicated as the strongest predictor. The low fitness level among the Malaysian adolescent should necessitate the value of healthy lifestyle starting at a young age.1000.
目的探讨西南汉族人群中基质金属蛋白酶-2(matrix metallopmteinase-2,MMP-2)和金属蛋白酶组织抑制剂-2(tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2,TIMP-2)基因启动子区域单核苷酸多态性与胃癌发病风险的关系。方法在美国Sequenom MassARRAY系统上利用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱法(MALDI-TOF MS)针对308对胃癌病例和对照分析MMP-2-1306C/T和TIMP-2-418G/C基因多态特征。同时利用自行设计的问卷收集研究对象的人口学特征和日常生活习惯。结果 MMP-2-1306C/T的CC、CT和TT基因型在病例组和对照组中的频率分别为:79.5%、19.8%、0.6%和79.8%、19.2%、1%;TIMP-2-418G/C的GG、GC和CC基因型在病例组和对照组中的频率分别为:71.4%、26.6%、2.0%和70.5%、27.8%、1.7%;MMP-2-1306C/T(P=0.936和0.984)和TIMP-2-418G/C(P=0.817和0.898)的基因型和等位基因频率分布在胃癌组与对照组间均无统计学差异(P0.05)。同时未发现基因-基因联合作用(OR=1.004;95%CI:0.460~2.191)和基因-环境之间的交互作用。结论本研究未发现MMP-2-1306C/T和TIMP-2-418G/C多态性与胃癌发病风险有关,且两单核苷酸多态之间无基因-基因联合作用,也未发现基因与环境的交互作用。 相似文献