白细胞介素-10对冈田酸诱导的阿尔茨海默病模型大鼠的保护作用

目的:观察细胞因子白细胞介素-10(IL-10)预处理对阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’disease,AD)模型鼠行为学和分子生化改变的保护作用,并探讨其机制?方法:SD大鼠海马微量注射冈田酸(okadaic acid,OA)及 IL-10建立AD 模型?用水迷宫检测大鼠逃避潜伏期;用Western blot方法检测海马匀浆中蛋白磷酸酯酶2A(protein phosphatase 2A,PP2A)和淀粉样蛋白前体(amyloid precursor protein,APP )的表达量;用流式细胞术检测肠系膜淋巴细胞中的CD4+细胞数与CD8+细胞数的比值?结果:大鼠海马注射OA后,动物的水迷宫逃避潜伏期时间增加,且高浓度OA组水迷宫逃避潜伏期时间均长于低浓度OA组;海马内PP2A蛋白的表达下调,且随着OA浓度的加大,对PP2A蛋白表达的抑制作用加强,APP蛋白的表达增强,且随着OA浓度的加大,对APP蛋白表达的增强作用更明显?IL-10与OA注射入大鼠海马后,动物的水迷宫逃避潜伏期时间明显少于仅注射OA的AD模型动物;IL-10能够逆转OA引起的PP2A蛋白表达减少,对抗OA引起的APP蛋白表达增加;IL-10可使OA诱导的CD4+/CD8+增加翻转到对照水平?结论:大鼠海马多次微量注射OA可诱导大鼠产生AD样病变,即可诱导AD模型,IL-10可以抑制OA诱导的大鼠产生AD样病变,IL-10的这种作用与它抑制炎症反应有关?     

Preparation of Spherical MgCl2‐Supported Late‐Transition Metal Catalysts for Ethylene Polymerization

Summary: Facile and effective immobilization of late‐transition metal catalysts, 2,3‐bis‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)butane diimine nickel(ii) dibromide ( A ) and 2,6‐bis‐[1‐(2,4,6‐trimethylphenylimino)ethyl]pyridine iron(ii) dichloride ( B ), for ethylene polymerization has been achieved, using spherical MgCl₂ supports obtained by thermal dealcoholization of MgCl₂ · 2.56C₂H₅OH instead of using supports of type MgCl₂/AlR_n(OEt)_3?n. BET, XRD, IR, SEM, GPC, and DSC analyses indicate that the composition and structure of the supports, the activities of the supported catalysts, and the properties of the resultant polymers are strongly dependent on the dealcoholization temperature. The support SP‐3 obtained by treating MgCl₂ · 2.56C₂H₅OH at 170 °C for 4 h is very effective for immobilizing late‐transition metal Fe^II and Ni^II catalysts. Compared with the corresponding unsupported homogeneous catalysts, a significant increase in activity is observed for the SP‐3 supported catalysts in ethylene polymerization, and the kinetics of polymerization is stable during the reaction process. In addition, replication of the support morphology is found in final polymers.

Kinetic profiles of ethylene polymerization using SPC‐4, SPC‐5, and SPC‐6 under 1.0 MPa and at 70 °C.     

Pretreatment with a combination of ligustrazine and berberine improves cardiac function in rats with coronary microembolization

Aim:

We have shown that a combination of ligustrazine and berberine produces more effective inhibition on platelet activation and inflammatory reactions in rat acute myocardial infarction compared with either agent alone. In this study we evaluated the beneficial effects of a combination of ligustrazine and berberine in a rat model of coronary microembolization (CME).

Methods:

SD rats were treated with ligustrazine, berberine, ligustrazine+berberine, or clopidogrel for 2 weeks. When the treatment completed, CME was induced by injection of sodium laurate into the left ventricular, while obstructing the ascending aorta. All rats were intubated for hemodynamic measurements. Blood samples were collected for biochemical analyses, flow cytometry, and ELISAs. Heart tissues were isolated for histopathology and subsequent protein analyses.

Results:

Pretreatment with the combination of ligustrazine (27 mg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹) and berberine (90 mg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹) significantly improved cardiac function, and decreased myocardial necrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, microthrombosis and serum CK-MB levels in CME rats. In addition, this combination significantly decreased plasma ET-1 levels and von Willebrand factor, inhibited ADP-induced platelet activation, and reduced TNFα, IL-1β, ICAM-1 and RANTES levels in serum and heart tissues. The protective effects of this combination were more prominent than those of ligustrazine or berberine alone, but comparable to those of a positive control clopidogrel (6.75 mg·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹).

Conclusion:

The combination of ligustrazine and berberine significantly improved cardiac function in rat CME model via a mechanism involving antiplatelet and anti-inflammatory effects.     

Trigger Finger Release With Stepwise Preservation of the A1 Pulley: A Functional Pulley-Preserving Technique

The first annular (A1) pulley is an important structure of the hand, providing a biomechanical support to the metacarpophalangeal joint and maintaining joint stability and flexor tendon alignment. Albeit uncommon, disruption of this pulley can result in dislocation or ulnar drift of the digit, particularly pronounced in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Despite this, the A1 pulley is commonly divided without reconstruction in trigger finger. Several annular pulley reconstructive techniques have been developed to preserve its function. However, development of recurrent triggering has been observed due to fibrosis, largely due to inadequate release of the pulley. We have developed a technique to increase the volume within the flexor sheath while preserving the A1 pulley by way of stepwise lengthening. This has enabled an increase in the diameter of the pulley to 4 times its original size. A prospective study was performed comprising 10 trigger finger releases with stepwise lengthening of the A1 pulley. In all patients, there were no complications, and good hand function was achieved with no recurrence of triggering at 6 weeks of follow-up. This technique can thus safely achieve trigger release without sacrifice of the function of the A1 pulley.     

The 2002 AJCC TNM classification is a better predictor of primary small cell esophageal carcinoma outcome than the VALSG staging system

Small cell carcinoma of the esophagus (SCCE) is a rare and aggressive malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. The optimal disease staging system and treatment approaches have not yet been defined. This study aimed to evaluate the prediction of different staging systems for prognosis and treatment options of SCCE. We retrospectively accessed the clinicopathologic characteristics, treatment strategy, and prognosis of 76 patients diagnosed with primary SCCE between 2001 and 2011. The 1-, 2-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival rates were 58%, 31%, 19%, and 13%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that the 2002 American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) classification (P=0.002), Veterans Administration Lung Study Group (VALSG) stage (P=0.001), predisposing factors (P0.001), T category (P=0.023), and M category (P0.001) were prognostic factors for overall survival. Multivariate analysis showed that the 2002 AJCC TNM stage (P0.001) was the only independent prognostic factor for survival. The value of the area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of the 2002 AJCC TNM staging system was larger than that of VALSG staging system with regard to predicting overall survival (0.774 vs. 0.620). None of the single treatment regimens showed any benefit for survival by Cox regression analysis. Thus, the 2002 AJCC TMN staging system improved the prediction of SCCE prognosis; however, the optimal treatment regimen for SCCE remains unclear.