Cytotoxic effects of extracts obtained from plants of the Oleaceae family: bio-guided isolation and molecular docking of new secoiridoids from Jasminum humile

ContextTraditionally, Oleaceae plants are used to treat many diseases, such as rheumatism, hypercholesterolaemia, or ulcers.ObjectivesTo investigate the cytotoxic potential of Jasminum humile L., Jasminum grandiflorum L., and Olea europaea L. (Oleaceae) extracts against selected human cancer cells lines, followed by a phytochemical investigation of the most potent one.Materials and methodsThe 95% ethanol extracts of aerial parts of three oleaceous plants were examined for their cytotoxicity against HepG-2, MCF-7, and THP-1 cell lines using MTT assay and doxorubicin (positive control). J. humile was bio-selected and submitted to bio-guided fractionation. Chromatographic workup of ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions afforded two new compounds; 1-methoxyjasmigenin (1) and 1-methyl-9-aldojasmigenin (2), along with five known ones (3–7). Structures were unambiguously elucidated using 1D/2D NMR and ESI-HRMS. Isolated compounds were assessed for their anti-proliferative potential, and both selectivity index and statistical significance were determined. Molecular docking was conducted against the Mcl-1 receptor using (AZD5991) as a standard.ResultsJasmoside (5) was the most potent anticancer compound showing IC₅₀ values of 66.47, 41.32, and 27.59 µg/mL against HepG-2, MCF-7, and THP-1 cell lines, respectively. Moreover, isojasminin (4) exhibited IC₅₀ values of 33.49, 43.12, and 51.07 µg/mL against the same cell lines, respectively. Interestingly, 5 exhibited the highest selectivity index towards MCF-7 and THP-1, even greater than doxorubicin. Molecular docking results were in full agreement with the MTT assay and the proposed SAR.ConclusionIn this study, two new compounds were purified. The biological activity highlighted jasmoside (5) as a lead anticancer drug for further future investigation.     

Correction: Synthesis and characterization of AFe2O4 (A: Ni,Co, Mg)–silica nanocomposites and their application for the removal of dibenzothiophene (DBT) by an adsorption process: kinetics,isotherms and experimental design

Correction for ‘Synthesis and characterization of AFe₂O₄ (A: Ni, Co, Mg)–silica nanocomposites and their application for the removal of dibenzothiophene (DBT) by an adsorption process: kinetics, isotherms and experimental design’ by Fahimeh Vafaee et al., RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 22661–22676, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1RA02780H.

The authors regret an error in Fig. 4 where a section of the XRD for 4(a) and (b) is identical.Open in a separate windowFig. 4(a) The XRD pattern of sample 3 after adsorption of DBT. (b) The XRD pattern of sample 3 before adsorption of DBT.The authors have repeated the experiment and provided new data for Fig. 4. An independent expert has viewed the new data and has concluded that it is consistent with the discussions and conclusions presented. The correct Fig. 4 is shown below:The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers.     

Factors affecting single-step transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy outcome in the treatment of mild, moderate, and high myopia: a cohort study

AIM: To investigate the effect of preoperative factors on visual acuity, higher-order aberrations (HOAs), and index of success for spherical change (S.IOS) after transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (t-PRK) for treating different grades of myopia. METHODS: This was a retrospective one-armed cohort study where patients with high, moderate, or mild myopia treated with single-step t-PRK using Amaris 500 Hz excimer laser were evaluated for visual acuity, refractive status, corneal topography, HOAs, S.IOS, and mean efficiency and safety index before and 6mo after surgery. RESULTS: A total of 154 eyes of 77 patients with mild (n=59), moderate (n=83), and high (n=12) myopia were reviewed. The efficiency and safety indices for vision recovery by single-step t-PRK were 98% and 100%, respectively. The achieved spherical equivalent (SE) was within 1 diopter (D) in 151 (98%) eyes. The median of the S.IOS was 1.18 [interquartile range (IQR) 1.0, 1.4]. The change in S.IOS was significantly correlated with age (P=0.007), 6.5 mm ablation zone (Mann-Whitney U test, P<0.01), and mild and moderate grade of myopia (Kruskal–Wallis test, P<0.001). Trefoil aberration, spherical aberration, and aberration coefficient types of HOA increased significantly (Wilcoxon test, P<0.001) 6mo post-surgery. There was a significant correlation between spherical aberration and aberration coefficient HOAs by myopia grades (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Single-step t-PRK has promising short-term outcomes for refractive corrections and vision improvement to treat all three grades of myopia.     

Normative Reference Values and Validity for the 30-Second Chair-Stand Test in Healthy Young Adults

BackgroundClinicians often use physical performance tests (PPT) to measure performance measures in sports since they are easy to administer, portable, and cost-efficient. However, PPT often lack good or known psychometric properties. Perhaps, the 30-second chair-stand test (30CST) would be a good functional test in athletic populations as it has been shown to demonstrate good psychometric properties in older adults.Hypothesis/PurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine normative values for and concurrent, convergent and discriminative validity of 30CST for healthy young adults aged 19-35 years.Study DesignCross-sectionalMethodsEighty-one participants completed this study. All participants performed two trials of 30CST, 5-times sit-to-stand (5xSTS), and lateral step-up test (LSUT). Investigators used the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Leisure Domain (LD-IPAQ) to divide participants into insufficiently or sufficiently active groups based on the weekly metabolic equivalent of task per the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans.ResultsParticipants (Mean + SD age, 25.1 ± 3.4 years; body height, 1.71 ± 0.09 m; body mass, 72.6 ± 16.1 kg; females 47) performed an average of 33.0±5.4 30CST repetitions. The 30CST performance was negatively associated with 5xSTS (r=-0.79 p=0.01) and positively associated with LSUT performances (r=0.51, p=0.01) when using Pearson correlations. In addition, the sufficiently active group performed significantly greater 30CST repetitions than the insufficiently active group (mean difference = 2.5; p=0.04).ConclusionsIn addition to finding a reference value for 30CST performance in young adults, investigators found that the 30CST displayed concurrent and convergent validity in assessing functional lower extremity (LE) muscle strength and discriminated between those with sufficient and insufficient physical activity levels. Training and rehabilitation professionals could use the 30CST for testing functional LE muscle strength for athletes in pre-season or during rehabilitation. Future investigators should perform studies to determine if 30CST predicts sport performance.Level of EvidenceLevel 2     

Role of immunotherapy in bacillus Calmette–Guérin-unresponsive non–muscle invasive bladder cancer

Intravesical instillation of live attenuated bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) is the gold standard for patients with intermediate- and high-risk non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). BCG-failures include a heterogenous population of patients who share a designation of disease recurrence or progression following BCG and include patients with complete unresponsiveness to BCG, patients who respond initially but develop relapse and, in some cases, patients who are intolerant to BCG due to side effects. Given the efficacy and relatively rapid approval of several monoclonal antibodies against PD-L1 or PD-1 for advanced and metastatic bladder cancer, the role of these checkpoint inhibitors in BCG-relapsing disease at various disease stages is under consideration. Data supporting a role for immune checkpoint inhibitors is largely theoretical with limited supportive data from animal models and from clinical evidence of increased PD-L1 expression in BCG-unresponsive tumors. Current trials in BCG-unresponsive disease are underway and expected to provide insight regarding these concepts.     

Analysis of the left atrial appendage morphology by intracardiac echocardiography in patients with atrial fibrillation

Background  

Detailed information regarding the structure and dimensions of the left atrial appendage (LAA) is required to guide implantation of LAA occlusion devices in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Currently, this procedure is guided by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE).