临床瞳孔检查新进展

瞳孔每时每刻处于动态的变化之中,因此瞳孔的检查也是一个较为复杂的过程。随着对屈光手术质量要求的日益提高,特别是暗适应下瞳孔的大小往往在一定程度上可能决定着术后质量的好坏,因此暗适应下瞳孔的精确测量变得尤为重要。现对近年来涌现的瞳孔检查新技术作一简要概括。     

上斜肌前部前徙术治疗上斜肌麻痹的外旋斜的研究

目的 观察术中可调整缝线的上斜肌前部前徙术治疗上斜肌麻痹的外旋斜的效果。方法 对6例(9眼)外旋斜患者(其中双眼外旋斜和单眼外旋斜各3例)行此术式，在术前、术中、术后1周分别行双马多氏杆检查第一眼位的主观旋转斜。分析旋转斜度与手术量的关系及治疗效果。结果 6例患者术前都存在正前方及下方双眼复视症状，第一眼位的外旋斜5～15。，平均10．5。。术毕双马多氏杆检查第一眼位为0^o～内旋斜5^o,平均内旋斜3．7^o。术后所有患者正前方及向下看复视症状消失，术后1周为外旋2^o～内旋4^o,平均内旋1．4^o。其中2例患者术后7个月复诊，一例外旋斜3^o；另一例为旋转斜0^o，都未出现明显复视症状。结论 术中可调整缝线的上斜肌前部前徙术是一种安全可靠的矫正上斜肌麻痹的外旋斜的手术方式，常需要过矫至内旋5^o左右来代偿术后出现的回退。     

Clinical Features and Surgical Treatment of A-pattern Exotropia

IntroductionAnA鄄patternexotropiashowssignificantlymoreexodeviationindowngazeversusupgaze,inwhichthechangeofbinocularalignmentresemblesthealphaberA.Accordingtopublishedreports[1～4],A鄄patternexotropiaisviewedastheleasttypeofAandVpatterns.However,thepr鄄evalenceofA鄄patternexotropiaratherincreasedinourclinicalstudies[5],inwhichparticularattentionwaspaidtoobservethedeviationindownwardgazeandassesssuperiorobliquefunction.Accordingly,clinicalcharacteristics,surgicaltreatmentandtreatmentoutcome…     

Green tea extract modulates actin remodeling via Rho activity in an in vitro multistep carcinogenic model.

Alteration of actin polymerization and loss of actin filaments is a marker of cellular dedifferentiation and early malignant transformation. To study this phenomenon, an in vitro human urothelial model consisting of two cell lines, HUC-PC and MC-T11, were incorporated into the study design. These two cell lines have different malignant transformation potential. The effect of green tea extract (GTE), a potential anticancer agent, on actin remodeling was investigated. Upon exposure to the carcinogen 4-aminobiphenyl (4-ABP), the untransformed HUC-PC undergoes malignant transformation whereas the transformed MC-T11 progresses from noninvasive to invasive tumor. GTE induces actin polymerization in MC-T11 cells in a dose-responsive manner, but this effect is less obvious in the untransformed, more differentiated HUC-PC cells, which natively have higher actin polymerization status. In contrast, GTE antagonizes carcinogen 4-ABP induced actin depolymerization and stress fiber disruption in HUC-PC cells. In MC-T11 cells, GTE inhibits 4-ABP induced motility by increasing cell adhesion and focal adhesion complex formation. The effect of GTE on actin remodeling seems to be mediated by the stimulation of small GTP-binding protein Rho activity, because C3 exoenzyme, a specific inhibitor for Rho, blocks GTE-mediated Rho activation and stress fiber formation in MC-T11 cells. This study shows that GTE exerts an effect on cytoskeletal actin remodeling and provides further support for the use of GTE as a chemopreventive agent.     

Characterization of the volatile organic compounds produced from green coffee in different years by gas chromatography ion mobility spectrometry

The effect of storage time on green coffee volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was studied by their separation via head space solid-phase microextraction and identification via gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry. In total, 38 kinds of VOCs, mainly composed of alcohols, aldehydes, esters and ketones, were identified. The fingerprint showed that the VOCs produced by green coffee in different years had obvious differences, especially, acrolein, 3-methylbutyl acetate, butanoic acid, heptan-3-ol, and so on, that could be used to predict the storage time. In addition, with the increase of storage time, the contents of butanal, ethanol, dimethyl sulfide, propanal, butan-2-one had no obvious change, and could be considered as typical aroma characteristics of green coffee or special aroma components for variety identification. Meanwhile, principal component analysis (PCA) and “nearest neighbor” fingerprint analysis could also effectively distinguish green coffee with different storage times. Comprehensive analysis showed that GC-IMS technology could provide strong and favorable support for coffee storage.

The effect of storage time on green coffee VOCs was studied by their separation via HS-SPME and identification via GC-MS.     

Enhanced Nitrate Ions Remediation Using Fe0 Nanoparticles from Underground Water: Synthesis,Characterizations, and Performance under Optimizing Conditions

The presence of nitrates in water in large amounts is one of the most dangerous health issues. The greatest risk posed by nitrates is hemoglobin oxidation, which results in Methemoglobin in the human body, resulting in Methemoglobinemia. There are many ways to eliminate nitrates from underground water. One of the most effective and selective methods is using zero-valent iron (ZVI) nanoparticles. ZVI nanoparticles can be easily synthesized by reducing ferric or ferrous ions using sodium borohydride. The prepared ZVI nanoparticles were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, and zeta potential. We aim to eliminate or reduce the nitrates in water to be at the acceptable range, according to the world health organization (WHO), of 10.0 mg/L. Nitrate concentration in water after and before treatment is measured using the UV scanning method at 220 nm wavelength for the synthetic contaminated water and electrochemical method for the naturally contaminated water. The conditions were optimized for obtaining an efficient removing process. The removal efficiency reaches about 91% at the optimized conditions.     

CD146在聚乙二醇诱导的小鼠脉络膜新生血管模型中的表达及意义

目的：探讨在聚乙二醇（polyethylene glycol,PEG）诱导的小鼠脉络膜新生血管（choroidal neovascularization,CNV）模型中CD146的表达及意义。方法：将60只8周龄雄性C57BL/6J小鼠采用随机数字表法,将小鼠随机分为第5、10和15天组,每组各20只。设定每组小鼠左眼为正常对照眼,右眼为实验眼,采用在视网膜下注射PEG诱导形成脉络膜新生血管模型。造模后摘取各组小鼠眼球,制作视网膜组织切片及HE染色,鉴定CNV模型。通过比较各组视网膜HE染色切片外核层（outer nuclear layer,ONL）厚度,观察PEG的视网膜毒性作用。采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测小鼠神经视网膜和RPE/脉络膜复合体中CD146、血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF）、血管内皮生长因子受体2（vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2,VEGFR2）的mRNA水平变化。免疫组化染色法检测小鼠眼内CD146、VEGF和VEGFR2的表达。结果：HE染色和ONL层厚度比较均证实,视网膜下注射PEG造模成功且模型可靠,视网膜下注射后第5和10天均有CNV形成。实验组小鼠神经视网膜和脉络膜中CD146、VEGF、VEGFR2的mRNA表达水平与对照组相比明显升高,差异有统计学意义（F=30.412,P=0.000;F=84.974,P=0.000;F=117.423,P=0.000;F=918.786,P=0.000;F=319.110,P=0.000;F=113.896,P=0.000）。Person相关性分析提示在视网膜下注射PEG后,小鼠RPE/脉络膜复合体中CD146与VEGF和VEGFR2的表达量呈正相关（r=0.940,P=0.000;r=0.940,P=0.000;r=0.769,P=0.045;r=0.910,P=0.003;r=0.910,P=0.003;r=0.777,P=0.042）。免疫组化染色的结果显示,在造模第10天后,造模组与正常对照组相比较CD146、VEGFR2在神经节细胞层、内核层、外从状层、外核层的阳性表达均有不同程度增强（P=0.000,P=0.000,P=0.000）。结论：CD146伴随着CNV的形成表达上调,且与VEGF的表达量和VEGFR2的表达量呈正相关性,由此推断CD146可能在CNV形成的病理过程中起到至关重要的作用。     

In vivo studies on the effects of α1-adrenoceptor antagonists on pupil diameter and urethral tone in rabbits

α₁-Adrenoceptors mediate contraction of iris dilator smooth muscle and hence pupil dilatation. We compared the ability of i.v. bolus injections of alfuzosin, doxazosin, naftopidil, prazosin, tamsulosin and terazosin to antagonise phenylephrine-induced mydriasis relative to their potency for inhibiting phenylephrine-induced elevations of intraurethral pressure (IUP) in rabbits. Moreover, we compared the ability of these drugs to induce miosis in conscious rabbits in the absence of phenylephrine. All antagonists inhibited the effects of phenylephrine on pupil size and IUP, and the ratio of the respective ED₅₀ values was close to unity in all cases. The doses required to induce statistically significant miosis in the absence of phenylephrine were 30- to 100-fold higher than those inhibiting phenylephrine-induced mydriasis for all antagonists, except for naftopidil. Moreover, the miotic effects of all α₁-adrenoceptor antagonists were fully reversible within 8 h. We conclude that alfuzosin, doxazosin, naftopidil, prazosin, tamsulosin and terazosin inhibit phenylephrine-induced mydriasis in the same dose range as they inhibit elevations in IUP. Higher doses of all antagonists are required to induce miosis in the absence of an exogenous agonist, and such miosis is always reversible within hours.