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Deepthi Kappala Ratanti Sarkhel Sunil Kumar Dixit Manish Mahawar Mithilesh Singh Saravanan Ramakrishnan Tapas Kumar Goswami 《Immunobiology》2018,223(6-7):501-507
Bacterial attachment to host cell is the first event for pathogen entry. The attachment is mediated through membrane expressed adhesins present on the organism and receptors on the cell surface of host. The objective of this study was to investigate the significance of Fc receptors (FcRs), actin filament polymerization, mannose receptors (MRs), carbohydrate moieties like N-linked glycans and sialic acid on chicken macrophages for invasion of S. Typhimurium. Opsonisation of S. Typhimurium resulted in three folds more invasion in chicken monocyte derived macrophages. Cytochalasin D, an inhibitor of actin filament polymerization prevented uptake of S. Typhimurium. Pre-incubation of macrophages with cytochalasin D, showed severe decrease (28 folds) in S. Typhimurium invasion. Next we attempted to analyse the role of carbohydrate receptors of macrophages in S. Typhimurium invasion. Treatment of macrophages with methyl α-d-mannopyranoside, PNGase F and neuraminidase, showed 2.5, 5 and 2.5 folds decrease in invasion respectively. Our data suggest that deglycosylation of N-linked glycans including sialic acid by PNGase F is more effective in inhibition of S. Typhimurium invasion than neuraminidase which removes only sialic acid. These findings suggested FcRs, actin filament polymerization, MRs, N-linked glycans and sialic acid may act as gateway for entry of S. Typhimurium. 相似文献
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Kamal K. Mahawar Neil Jennings James Brown Ajay Gupta Shlok Balupuri Peter K. Small 《Obesity surgery》2013,23(11):1890-1898
Mini gastric bypass is being explored by many bariatric surgeons as a standalone bariatric procedure. Several surgeons from different parts of the world have now published their extensive experience with this procedure. It appears to be an effective bariatric procedure with acceptable weight loss, co-morbidity resolution, and complication rates in the short and medium term. Its proponents claim that it is safer and easier than the gold standard Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. However, concerns with regard to symptomatic gastric or oesophageal biliary reflux requiring revisional surgery and long-term risk of gastric and oesophageal cancers persist. This paper reviews the published experience to date with this procedure and examines the surrounding controversy. 相似文献
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Malviya A Tsintzas D Mahawar K Bache CE Glithero PR 《Journal of pediatric orthopedics. Part B》2007,16(1):48-52
The aim of this study was to assess the usefulness of the cast index and an indigenously developed gap index as measures of poor moulding of plaster. Twenty cases of re-manipulation of distal third radius fractures in children excluding growth plate injuries were compared with a control of 80 patients. A significant difference (<0.001) was observed in the cast index and the gap index of both the groups. The gap index was more sensitive than the cast index in predicting failure. At a level of cast index of more than 0.8 the relative risk of failure is 6.8 as compared with 35 when the sum of the gap index is more than 0.15. The gap index is a better predictor of failure than the cast index. A quick assessment of these indices is a good practice before accepting any plaster following a manipulation of distal radial fractures. 相似文献
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Brij Madhok Kushan Nanayakkara Kamal Mahawar 《World journal of gastrointestinal endoscopy》2022,14(1):1-16
Laparoscopic surgery has many advantages over open surgery. At the same time, it is not without its risks. In this review, we discuss steps that could enhance the safety of laparoscopic surgery. Some of the important safety considerations are ruling out pregnancy in women of the childbearing age group; advanced discussion with the patient regarding unexpected intraoperative situations, and ensuring appropriate equipment is available. Important perioperative safety considerations include thromboprophylaxis; antibiotic prophylaxis; patient allergies; proper positioning of the patient, stack, and monitor(s); patient appropriate pneumoperitoneum; ergonomic port placement; use of lowest possible intra-abdominal pressure; use of additional five-millimetre (mm) ports as needed; safe use of energy devices and laparoscopic staplers; low threshold for a second opinion; backing out if unsafe to proceed; avoiding hand-over in the middle of the procedure; ensuring all planned procedures have been performed; inclusion of laparoscopic retrieval bags and specimens in the operating count; avoiding 10-15 mm ports for placement of drains; appropriate port closures; and use of long-acting local anaesthetic agents for analgesia. Important postoperative considerations include adequate analgesia; early ambulation; careful attention to early warning scores; and appropriate discharge advice. 相似文献
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An Evidence-Based Algorithm for the Management of Marginal Ulcers following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
William R. J. Carr Kamal K. Mahawar Shlok Balupuri Peter K. Small 《Obesity surgery》2014,24(9):1520-1527
As the demand for obesity surgery grows, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass remains the most commonly performed procedure associated with low complication rates and good long-term co-morbidity resolution and weight loss. Marginal ulcers remain a cause of significant morbidity in medium and long term and are reported in every large series of this operation. Marginal ulceration is a complex problem with unclear aetiology and lack of clear consensus on its prevention and management. A clearer understanding of the available evidence regarding the prevention and treatment of marginal ulcers is needed to improve patient care. We propose an algorithm for management of patients with marginal ulcers based on the best available evidence in the literature. 相似文献
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Kamal K. Mahawar Abdelrahman Nimeri Marco Adamo Cynthia-Michelle Borg Rishi Singhal Omar Khan Peter K. Small 《Obesity surgery》2018,28(9):2650-2660