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81.
82.
Seong Jin Cho Jun Young Lee Jin Pyo Hong Hochang B. Lee Maeng Je Cho Bong Jin Hahm 《Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology》2009,44(11):943-951
Introduction
An understanding of the factors leading to the use of mental health services is important in improving access to mental health-care. The purpose of this study was to assess the use of mental health services, determinants of use and barriers to use. 相似文献83.
Lee JY Chang SM Jang HS Chang JS Suh GH Jung HY Jeon HJ Cho MJ 《International psychogeriatrics / IPA》2008,20(5):976-985
ABSTRACTBackground: This study aims to establish the incidence rates of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to understand the relations between illiteracy and AD in the Korean Yonchon survey cohort.Methods: A community-based, dementia-free cohort of 966 people aged 65 years and older was followed up for an average of 5.4 +/- 1.60 years to detect incident AD cases using a two-phase procedure. Age-specific incidence rates were calculated using a person-years approach with Poisson distribution confidence intervals. Data were analyzed using the Cox proportional hazards model to find the hazard ratio of illiteracy.Results: The participating percentage of the survivors was 86.4% and 74 subjects were diagnosed with AD. Incidence rates per 1000 person-years were 20.99 (95% CI 16.48 to 26.35) for AD. The hazard ratio of illiteracy was 1.78 (95% CI 1.08 to 2.93) adjusted for age, sex, educational level. AD developed more rapidly with aging in the illiterate group than in the literate group.Conclusions: Illiteracy is associated with a higher risk of AD and the risk increases with age. 相似文献
84.
85.
Su Jeong Seong Jin Pyo Hong Bong-Jin Hahm Hong Jin Jeon Jee Hoon Sohn Jun Young Lee Maeng Je Cho 《Journal of Korean medical science》2015,30(11):1675-1681
While decreasing trend in gender differences in alcohol use disorders was reported in Western countries, the change in Asian countries is unknown. This study aims to explore the shifts in gender difference in alcohol abuse (AA) and dependence (AD) in Korea. We compared the data from two nation-wide community surveys to evaluate gender differences in lifetime AA and AD by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). Face-to-face interviews using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) were applied to all subjects in 2001 (n=6,220) and 2011 (n=6,022). Male-to-female ratio of odds was decreased from 6.41 (95% CI, 4.81-8.54) to 4.37 (95% CI, 3.35-5.71) for AA and from 3.75 (95% CI, 2.96-4.75) to 2.40 (95% CI, 1.80-3.19) for AD. Among those aged 18-29, gender gap even became statistically insignificant for AA (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 0.97-2.63) and AD (OR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.80-2.41) in 2011. Men generally showed decreased odds for AD (0.55; 95% CI, 0.45-0.67) and women aged 30-39 showed increased odds for AA (2.13; 95% CI 1.18-3.84) in 2011 compared to 2001. Decreased AD in men and increased AA in women seem to contribute to the decrease of gender gap. Increased risk for AA in young women suggests needs for interventions. 相似文献
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Mun Ki Min Seok Ran Yeom Ji Ho Ryu Yong In Kim Maeng Real Park Sang Kyoon Han Seong Hwa Lee Suck Ju Cho 《Resuscitation》2013
Objectives
This study was designed to assess changes in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) quality and rescuer fatigue when rescuers are provided with a break during continuous chest compression CPR (CCC-CPR).Methods
The present prospective, randomized crossover study involved 63 emergency medical technician trainees. The subjects performed three different CCC-CPR methods on a manikin model. The first method was general CCC-CPR without a break (CCC), the second included a 10-s break after 200 chest compressions (10/200), and the third included a 10-s break after 100 chest compressions (10/100). All methods were performed for 10 min. We counted the total number of compressions and those with appropriate depth every 1 min during the 10 min and measured mean compression depth from the start of chest compressions to 10 min.Results
The 10/100 method showed the deepest compression depth, followed by the 10/200 and CCC methods. The mean compression depth showed a significant difference after 5 min had elapsed. The percentage of adequate compressions per min was calculated as the proportion of compressions with appropriate depth among total chest compressions. The percentage of adequate compressions declined over time for all methods. The 10/100 method showed the highest percentage of adequate compressions, followed by the 10/200 and CCC methods.Conclusion
When rescuers were provided a rest at a particular time during CCC-CPR, chest compression quality increased compared with CCC without rest. Therefore, we propose that a rescuer should be provided a rest during CCC-CPR, and specifically, we recommend a 10-s rest after 100 chest compressions. 相似文献88.
89.
Daniel Ranch Martin YH Zhang Anthony A Portale Farzana Perwad 《Journal of bone and mineral research》2011,26(8):1883-1890
In X‐linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) and in its murine homologue, the Hyp mouse, increased circulating concentrations of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF‐23) are critical to the pathogenesis of disordered metabolism of phosphate (Pi) and 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D]. In this study, we hypothesized that in Hyp mice, FGF‐23‐mediated suppression of renal 1,25(OH)2D production and Pi reabsorption depends on activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling. Wild‐type and Hyp mice were administered either vehicle or the MEK inhibitor PD0325901 (12.5 mg/kg) orally daily for 4 days. At baseline, the renal abundance of early growth response 1 (egr1) mRNA was approximately 2‐fold greater in Hyp mice than in wild‐type mice. Treatment with PD0325901 greatly suppressed egr1 mRNA abundance in both wild‐type and Hyp mice. In Hyp mice, PD0325901 induced an 8‐fold increase in renal 1α‐hydroxylase mRNA expression and a 4‐fold increase in serum 1,25(OH)2D concentrations compared with vehicle‐treated Hyp mice. Serum Pi levels in Hyp mice increased significantly after treatment with PD0325901, and the increase was associated with increased renal Npt2a mRNA abundance and brush‐border membrane Npt2a protein expression. These findings provide evidence that in Hyp mice, MAPK signaling is constitutively activated in the kidney and support the hypothesis that the FGF‐23‐mediated suppression of renal 1,25(OH)2D production and Pi reabsorption depends on activation of MAPK signaling via MEK/ERK1/2. These findings demonstrate the physiologic importance of MAPK signaling in the actions of FGF‐23 in regulating renal 1,25(OH)2D and Pi metabolism. © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research 相似文献
90.
Hwang HS Cho NH Maeng YS Kang MH Park YW Kim YH 《Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica》2007,86(8):909-914
BACKGROUND: Nestin is a type VI intermediate filament protein originally described in neural stem cells. Recent reports have documented nestin expression in endothelium of newly formed blood vessels and suggested its role as a marker of capacity for neovascularization and angiogenesis in endothelial cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the differential expression of nestin in normal and pre-eclamptic human placentas. METHODS: Placental tissues from 12 women with severe pre-eclampsia and 15 gestational age-matched normotensive women were collected at the time of their cesarean section. Western blot analysis for each placental tissue was performed for nestin quantification. Immunohistochemical staining was employed to localize nestin-positive cells and to investigate differential staining intensity in each placental cell. RESULTS: Nestin expression was detected in all of the normal and pre-eclamptic placental tissues by Western blotting. Compared with the normal placentas, tissues from severe pre-eclamptic placentas showed higher expression of nestin (p<0.001). Nestin immunoreactivity was localized only to endothelial cells of chorionic villi. However, mesenchymal connective tissue cells, cytotrophoblasts, syncytiotrophoblasts, and decidual cells did not reveal any specific signal for nestin. CONCLUSIONS: We suggest that the capacity for neovascularization and angiogenesis in endothelial cell is increased in pre-eclamptic placenta compared to that from normal pregnancy. Such changes may be a compensatory mechanism for the reduced maternofetal exchanges and long-lasting fetal hypoxia in pre-eclamptic pregnancy. Furthermore, these changes in endothelial cells of chorionic villi in pre-eclamptic pregnancy may give an explanation for fetal response to pre-eclamptic conditions. 相似文献