鼻中隔矫正术对变应性鼻炎伴鼻中隔偏曲患者生活质量的影响

目的评价鼻中隔偏曲矫正术对持续性变应性鼻炎（allergicrhinitis,AR）伴鼻中隔偏曲患者症状和生活质量的影响。方法应用症状视觉模拟评分量表（Visual Analogue Scale,VAs）和鼻结膜炎生存质量量表（Rhinocon junctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire,RQI。Q）对62例持续性变应性鼻炎伴鼻中隔偏曲患者行鼻中隔偏曲术前、术后1个月、术后6个月临床症状和生活质量进行研究。结果鼻中隔偏曲矫正术后1个月、6个月患者症状、生活质量较术前均得到改善。术后1个月、6个月RQI．Q量表中各个维度的得分较术前明显降低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;术后6个月除总评分外,其余各维度与术后1个月比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。VAS量表显示：术后患者症状较术前均有不同程度的改善,但改善最明显的为鼻塞,其次为打喷嚏。结论变应性鼻炎伴鼻中隔偏曲患者的生活质量降低,鼻中隔偏曲矫正术能明显的改善患者症状同时能提高患者的生活质量。     

Effects of Chronic Alcohol Abuse and HIV Infection on Brain Phosphorus Metabolites

We examined the effects of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and chronic alcohol consumption on cerebral phosphorus metabolites to determine if chronic alcohol abuse is a risk factor for the progression of neurological effects of HIV infection. We studied 15 HIV- alcoholics, 8 HIV- light/nondrinkers, 32 HIV+ alcoholics, and 41 HIV+ light/nondrinking men, with both HIV+ groups having similar CD4 lymphocyte counts. We used localized 31-phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy after magnetic resonance imaging to examine two brain volumes in superior white matter and subcortical gray matter. Chronic alcohol consumption was associated with reduced white matter concentrations of phosphodiester (PDE) and phosphocreatine (PCr). Also in the white matter, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex (ARC) were associated with reduced concentrations of PDE and PCr, compared with both HIV- and clinically asymptomatic HIV+ subjects. Because no alcohol-by-HIV interactions were detected, the effects of HIV infection and alcohol abuse were cumulative. This is reflected in a successive decrease of white matter PDE and PCr concentrations in the order HIV- light/nondrinkers/HIV- alcoholics/HIV+ light/nondrinkers/HIV+ alcoholics. Subcortical gray matter PDE concentrations were lower in ARC/AIDS alcoholics than in HIV-light/nondrinking individuals. These findings suggest altered brain phospholipid metabolites and energy metabolites with alcohol abuse and HIV infection. They demonstrate that the adverse metabolic effects of HIV on the brain are augmented by chronic alcohol abuse.     

藏族初中生心理健康状况与应对方式的关系研究

目的 了解应对方式对藏族初中生心理健康状况的影响。方法 采用自编的一般资料,中学生心理健康评定量表、简易应对方式问卷对786名藏族初中生进行问卷调查。结果 分层回归分析显示,第一层人口变量中上学方式、年级、家庭人均月收入、是否留守、学习成绩进入藏族初中生心理健康状况的回归方程(F=8.526,P=0.000),控制人口变量后,应对方式能独立解释心理健康状况21.70%的方差变异。结论 住校、初一、留守、学习成绩差、家庭收入低的藏族初中生心理健康状况差;管理者加强应对技巧的培训,能改善藏族初中生的心理健康状况。     

细菌快速检测试纸片法与传统方法培养结果的比较

目的比较细菌快速检测试纸片法与传统的方法在细菌检测结果上的差异。方法用试纸片法对物体表面污染菌总数和大肠杆菌进行检测,同时与传统方法作平行比较。结果检测细菌总数,用常规方法培养48 h后,细菌生长正常;而纸片法培养48 h,营养琼脂平板上无菌生长,继续培养至72 h才出现菌落。大肠菌群检测中,传统9管发酵法培养24h即有菌生长,国产大肠菌群快速检测试纸法培养36 h和日本产试纸片培养48 h才出现肉眼可见菌落。结论细菌快速检测试纸片虽能简化操作,但存在技术缺陷,且成本高。     

血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体基因A1166C多态性与高血压肾脏损害相关性研究

目的:探讨血管紧张素Ⅱ1型受体(AT1R)A1166C多态性与高血压、高血压肾脏损害的关系。方法:入选188例原发性高血压患者进行尿微量白蛋白和AT1R基因A1166C多态性测定。结果:AA基因型与AC基因型收缩压分别为(149·1±20·8)mmHg(1mmHg=0·133kPa)和(137·8±22·6)mmHg,2组间差异有显著性(P=0·013)。AC基因型携带者尿微量白蛋白尿异常者明显增多,差异有显著性(P=0·006)。结论:AT1R基因A1166C多态性可能与原发性高血压和高血压肾脏损害有关。     

胃食管反流病与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的相关性研究

目的探讨胃食管反流病(GERD)与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)间的关系。方法选取解放军第三五九医院2009年3月至2012年5月收治的OSAHS患者163例,根据研究对象是否存在GERD分为伴有GERD组和无GERD组,分析两组间体质量指数(BMI)、睡眠呼吸紊乱指数(AHI)和GERD症状评分;根据研究对象OSAHS的严重程度分为三组:轻度组、中度组和重度组,对组间GERD症状评分、睡眠分期及动脉血氧饱和度(SaO2)进行分析。结果 OSAHS患者中GERD发生率为59.5%,伴有GERD患者的GERD症状积分、AHI和BMI均高于无GERD者,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。重度组OSAHS患者GERD症状积分显著高于轻度和中度组,缺氧程度也重于轻度组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 OSAHS与GERD关系密切,但它们的关系是因果还是伴随关系仍需进一步研究。     

407例梅毒调查分析

目的:探讨近期本区域梅毒的流行病学及血清学特征。方法:回顾性分析2009年我科全年确诊的梅毒患者的性别、年龄、职业、文化程度、传播情况及血清学特点。结果:梅毒患者男女比例为1∶1.41,发病年龄主要集中在21~40岁,女性患者年龄明显小于男性,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.05),绝大部分患者为已婚有性伴(332/407),文化程度主要以初中为主,高学历患者少,职业中无业、工人、农民占前3位,仅75人承认近3月内有非婚性伴,其中46人从未使用安全套,每次使用安全套患者仅有10人,3人近3月内使用过毒品。男性梅毒患者血清TRUST滴度以高滴度为主,女性患者低滴度相对较高,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:本地区梅毒以女性、初中文化、无业、工人和农民居多,梅毒的防治也应将这些人群作为重点防治对象。     

Integrated Functional, Gene Expression and Genomic Analysis for the Identification of Cancer Targets

The majority of new drug approvals for cancer are based on existing therapeutic targets. One approach to the identification of novel targets is to perform high-throughput RNA interference (RNAi) cellular viability screens. We describe a novel approach combining RNAi screening in multiple cell lines with gene expression and genomic profiling to identify novel cancer targets. We performed parallel RNAi screens in multiple cancer cell lines to identify genes that are essential for viability in some cell lines but not others, suggesting that these genes constitute key drivers of cellular survival in specific cancer cells. This approach was verified by the identification of PIK3CA, silencing of which was selectively lethal to the MCF7 cell line, which harbours an activating oncogenic PIK3CA mutation. We combined our functional RNAi approach with gene expression and genomic analysis, allowing the identification of several novel kinases, including WEE1, that are essential for viability only in cell lines that have an elevated level of expression of this kinase. Furthermore, we identified a subset of breast tumours that highly express WEE1 suggesting that WEE1 could be a novel therapeutic target in breast cancer. In conclusion, this strategy represents a novel and effective strategy for the identification of functionally important therapeutic targets in cancer.     

丙泊酚靶控输注用于儿童鼾症鼻内镜手术

目的评价丙泊酚靶控输注在儿童鼻内镜手术中对血压、心率、术野出血及术后苏醒过程的影响。方法86例因腺样体肥大拟行手术患儿,ASA为Ⅰ-Ⅱ级,随机分成二组,每组43例,B组行丙泊酚靶控输注麻醉,I组行异氟醚吸入麻醉。分别观察手术开始后10,25,45 m in血压、心率变化及术野质量评分,记录术毕患儿自主呼吸恢复时间、睁眼时间、拔管时间,观察术后恶心、呕吐、躁动的发生率。结果①两组收缩压、舒张压和术野质量评分无显著差异;②B组患儿术后自主呼吸恢复时间、睁眼时间、拔管时间显著短于I组;③I组并发症高于B组。结论丙泊酚靶控输注用于儿童鼻内镜手术,血压、心率、术野质量评分佳,术毕麻醉恢复更为迅速、优良。     

拉萨S0S儿童村家庭膳食的调查与评价

[目的]了解中国拉萨SOS儿童村儿童的膳食结构及营养状况,并根据膳食调查结果和存在的问题,提出合理膳食建议。[方法]2005年12月采用食物称重法,对中国拉萨SOS儿童村负责供养168名4～16岁儿童的17户家庭进行了为期5 d的膳食调查。[结果]17户家庭中绝大部分家庭膳食模式不尽合理,油脂摄入过多,大部分家庭脂肪供热百分比﹥30%;动物性食品摄入量及品种偏少,致使所有家庭的钙摄入量普遍不足,70%左右家庭的核黄素、40%左右家庭的蛋白质摄入量不足;多数家庭维生素A和铁虽然超出供给量标准,但是来源于动物性食品的比例很低。[结论]膳食模式的不合理性,势必影响儿童的正常发育和身心健康。因此,进一步加强营养知识的传授显得极为迫切和必要。